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1.
Anatase TiO2with exposed{001}facets has been deepgoingly studied for optimizing its photocatalytic activity.In this study,we synthesized N-doped TiO2 nanocrystals with exposed{001}facets by sol–gel method and solvothermal method,respectively.The physical and chemical properties of as-synthesized samples,such as morphology,crystal phase,surface elements composition,porous structure,specific surface area,and optical response,were characterized in detail.The photocatalytic performances of all samples were evaluated by photocatalytic decoloration of methylene blue under visible-light irradiation(k[420 nm).The results showed that the as-prepared samples present high visible-light photocatalytic performances,which can be ascribed to the excellent crystallization,the enhancement of absorbance in the visible-light region,and the strong adsorption performance,and calcination treatment is helpful to further improve the visible-light photocatalytic performance of N-doped TiO2 nanocrystals with exposed{001}facets.  相似文献   

2.
Using (Ti(OC4H9)4) and metal chlorates as starting materials, CoFe2O4/TiO2 composite films were prepared by sol-gel method. The effects of heat treatment temperature and pH of the precursor on microstructure and magnetic properties were studied. The phase structure of the samples was examined by X-ray diffraction. The microstructure was examined by scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope and polarized microscope. The magnetic property was measured by vibrating sample magnetometer. The results show that the crystals of different phases grow up independently. CoFe2O4 is uniformly embedded into the TiO2 matrix in the prepared composite films, and the growth of composite films is dependent on the heat treatment temperatures and PH of the precursor. The average size of CoFe2O4 crystal is 19 nm in Nanocomposite film prepared when the heat treatment temperature is 800℃ and the pH of the precursor is between 2 and 3. The magnetism of the composite films is enhanced as the heat treatment temperature increases.  相似文献   

3.
Silicon (Si) particles were functionalized using carbon dots (CDs) to enhance the interaction between the Si particles and the binders. First, CDs rich in polar groups were synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method. Then, CDs were loaded on the Si surface by impregnation to obtain the functionalized Si particles (Si/CDs). The phases and microstructures of the Si/CDs were observed using Fourier-transform infrared reflection, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Si/CDs were used as the active material of the anode for electrochemical performance experiments. The electrochemical performance of the Si/CD electrode was assessed using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and constant current charge and discharge experiment. The electrodes prepared with Si/CDs showed good mechanical structure stability and electrochemical performance. After 150 cycles at 0.2 C, the capacity retention rate of the Si/CD electrode was 64.0%, which is twice as much as that of pure Si electrode under the same test conditions.  相似文献   

4.
Transparent TiO2 thin films have been prepared by the sol-gel method using titanium alkoxides as precursors.Thin films were deposited on glass supports by the dip-coating technique.The TiO2 layer acts as a self-cleaning coating generated from its photocatalysis and photoinduced superhydrophilicity.The crystalline structure of TiO2 films was dominantly identified as the anatase phase,consisted of uniform spherical particles of about 14-50 nm in size,which strongly depends upon catalyst-type and heat treatment temperature.Increasing heat treating temperature can lead to an increase in crystalline size.The results indicated that the sample S.S(sample derived from sol containing sulfuric acid as catalyst) exhibits superhydrophilic nature and better photocatalytic activity,which can be attributed to its higher anatase content and lower crystalline size.Morphological studies,carried out using Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM),confirm the presence of crystalline phase with such a grain size and low surface roughness.Thus,the applied films exhibiting high photocatalytic activity,superhydrophilic behavior,and low surface roughness can be used as an efficient self-cleaning coating on glass and other optical applications.  相似文献   

5.
SnO2/ graphite nanocomposites with different SnO2 contents were successfully prepared by a co-precipitation method.The nanocomposites, used as the anode material for lithium-ion batteries( LIBs),were characterized by X-ray diffraction( XRD),thermogravimetric analysis( TGA), and transmission electron microscopy( TEM). The SnO2 particles had the average size of about 15 nm and their distribution on graphite matrix much depended on the contents of SnO2 in the nanocomposites. The galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles were used to investigate the effects of SnO2 contents on the electrochemical performance of these composites. The results show that the initial specific capacities increase with the SnO2 contents. However,the cyclic stabilities are determined by the distribution of SnO2 particles in composites. For55% by weight SnO2/ graphite composites, the initial specific capacity is 740 m Ah g- 1and 70% of the initial specific capacity( 518 m Ah·g- 1) can still be retained after 50 charge-discharge cycles.  相似文献   

6.
Nitrogen and sulfur doped titanium dioxide photocatalysts were prepared by the sol-gel method.The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD),transmission electron microscopy (TEM),and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS).Photocatalytic activities of the samples were investigated on the degradation of methyl orange (MO).The effect of the dopants on the electronic structure of TiO2 was studied by the first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT).The orbital hybridization resulted in energy gap narrowing and electronic delocalization in the crystal of doped TiO2.Mobile electrons of varied energetic states could offer enhanced electron transfer,together with optical absorption improvement.The results show that the doping elements of N and S play a cooperative role in the modification of electronic structure,which enhances the photocatalytic performance.The experimentally observed absorption edges of N-doped TiO2,S-doped TiO2,and N,S-codoped TiO2 are 420,413,and 429 nm,respectively,which can be explained by the theoretical calculation results.  相似文献   

7.
Se-modified ruthenium supporting on carbon(Sex–Ru/C) electrocatalyst was prepared by solvothermal one-step synthesis method. The reaction mechanism was revealed after discussing impact of different solvents(i-propanol and EG) in solvotermal reaction. The result showed that the grain size of Se-modified ruthenium electrocatalyst was as small as 1 to 3 nm and highly dispersed on carbon surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) presented that selenium mainly existed in the catalyst in the form of elemental selenium and selenium oxides when the solvent was EG and i-propanol, respectively. The oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) performance was improved by appearance of selenium oxides.  相似文献   

8.
A novel TiO2 (anatase) containing a large amount of single electron trapped oxygen vacancies (SETOV) was prepared by dehydration of titanic acid nanotubes. This novel TiO2 contains high concentration intrinsic defects in bulk structure, while its surface still remains the stoichiometric structure to protect them. And this novel TiO2 itself has the visible light absorption without any doping, so we call it as the third generation of TiO2 . However, it is regretted that this novel TiO2 (A) only has photocatalytic activity under UV light irradiation, and was inactive for the visible light. The true reasons for this phenomenon were investigated by the transient IR absorption and photoluminescence spectra. Through constructing the foreign electron traps (PdO, PtO2 ), the photocatalytic oxidation of propylene under visible light irradiation was successfully achieved. The removal yield of propylene (C3H6 ) reached 7.6% and 28% on 2 wt.% PtO2 /novel TiO2 and 2 wt.% PdO/novel TiO2 , respectively. By comparison with the noble metal electron traps (Pt, Pd), we found that the effective foreign electron traps need to satisfy two conditions: (1) its work function should situate in the range of Eg(TiO2 ); (2) O2 adsorbes on it undissociatively. This work opens up a new route for the investiga- tion of solar-energy-available TiO2 .  相似文献   

9.
Both α-Co(OH)_2 and Co_3O_4 porous microspheres have been synthesized by the simple solvothermal process as well as subsequent treatment. The morphologies and structures of the as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). Both samples have spherical structures consisting of nanosheets, with similar crystallinity. The electrochemical properties of both samples were further investigated. Both samples show excellent electrochemical performances including high specific capacity, good cycling stability and rate capability. All results show that these microspheres exhibit potential applications in energy storage field.  相似文献   

10.
Metal oxide (TiO2 or Co304) doped activated carbon nanofibers (ACNFs) were prepared by electrospinning. These nanofibers were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunner- Emmett-Teller method (BET). The results show that the average diameters of ACNFs were within the range of 200-500 nm, and the lengths were several tens of micrometers. The specific surface areas were 1146.7 m2/g for TiO2-doped ACNFs and 1238.5 m2/g for Co304-doped ACNFs, respectively. The electrospun nanofibers were used for adsorption of low concentration sulfur dioxide (SO2). The results showed that the adsorption rates of these ACNFs increased with an increase in SO2concentration. When the SO2 concentration was 1.0 μg/mL, the adsorption rates of TiO2-doped ACNFs and Co3Oa-doped ACNFs were 66.2% and 67.1%, respectively. The adsorption rate also increased as the adsorption time increased. When the adsorption time was 40 min, the adsorption rates were 67.6% and 69.0% for TiO2-doped ACNFs and Co304-doped ACNFs, respectively. The adsorption rate decreased as the adsorption temperature increased below 60℃, while it increased as the adsorption temperature increased to more than 60℃.  相似文献   

11.
文章以钛酸四丁酯为原料,采用超声波分散450℃焙烧物得到了纳米TiO2光催化剂,以苯为模拟气体,在静态反应装置中考察了该催化剂对气相苯的光催化降解性能。结果表明,采用超声波制备的TiO2光催化剂能显著提高对苯的光催化降解性能,超声波制备的TiO2上苯转化率是搅拌制备的TiO2的1.7倍。BET结果显示超声波制备的光催化剂比表面比搅拌制备的光催化剂高;XRD表征结果表明TiO2呈锐钛型;紫外-可见漫反射结果显示超声波制备的TiO2在可见区吸收增强。  相似文献   

12.
油酸修饰纳米TiO_2粉体的制备及其光催化活性   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,利用溶剂热技术制备了经油酸修饰的纳米TiO2粉体。以X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)等测试技术对产物进行了表征,并对其光催化降解邻硝基苯酚的性能进行了分析。实验结果表明:粉体为球形放射状颗粒,平均粒径约为920nm,其中含有晶粒尺寸约为4.7nm的细粒,比表面积高达180m2/g,与无油酸修饰的纳米TiO2相比,表现出很高的光催化活性。  相似文献   

13.
通过溶剂热法制备了具有可见光光催化活性的BiVO4/TiO2-石墨烯复合光催化剂。利用X射线粉末衍射、透射电子显微镜、紫外-可见漫反射光谱和荧光发射光谱对样品进行表征,复合光催化剂的催化活性以模拟太阳光条件下降解水溶液中亚甲基蓝来评价。结果表明:BiVO4/TiO2-石墨烯复合光催化剂在530~800 nm的可见光范围具有很强的吸收峰。石墨烯的引入不仅拓宽了光谱响应范围,而且使得BiVO4和TiO2粒子均匀地分散在石墨烯薄片上,能快速捕获并迁移电子,有效地提高了光生载流子的分离效率,从而提高其光催化活性。  相似文献   

14.
通过聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)功能化的聚苯乙烯(PS)粒子在SiO2包覆的同时被乙醇/氨水介质溶解,得到了单分散空心SiO2纳米微球,经溶胶-凝胶法与纳米TiO2复合制备得到了TiO2@SiO2纳米球.利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对制备的TiO2@SiO2纳米球进行了物理特性及光化学性质的初步表征,探讨了SiO2纳米微球的复合对TiO2粒径大小、比表面积、形貌、晶型转变以及光催化活性的影响.在可见光照射下,利用有机染料罗丹明B(Rhodamine B,RhB)的光催化降解为探针反应,研究了TiO2@SiO2纳米球的光催化活性及适应的pH范围.结果表明,SiO2纳米球的复合能明显提高光催化剂的比表面积及其对RhB的吸附量.同时能明显提高TiO2在可见光下的光催化活性,可见光下照射120min后RhB完全褪色,同时16h后的矿化率达到60%.TiO2@SiO2纳米球在pH 3~9范围内均表现出较高的催化性能.  相似文献   

15.
采用溶剂热法合成了锐钛矿T iO2纳米结构,研究乙醇、乙二醇和丙三醇对 T iO2形貌和光催化性能的影响。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM )、拉曼光谱(Raman)、紫外可见近红外分光光度计(UV‐Vis)等对此TiO2样品进行表征。结果表明:随着黏度的增加,TiO2的形貌由纳米片到纳米棒最后形成纳米颗粒;在乙醇溶液中合成的T iO2纳米片表现出优异的光催化性能,这是由于U V光具有粒子性,光的多次反弹使得样品具有高的紫外吸收所致。  相似文献   

16.
为高效率处理反渗透浓水,采用改良Hummers法、水热合成法制备具有良好的吸附以及光催化性能的氧化石墨烯/具有高能暴露面二氧化钛纳米复合材料(GO/TiO2),通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)表征其微观形貌和物相组成;并以模拟反渗透浓水探究其性能、较佳反应条件及具有协同效应。结果表明,纳米材料中二氧化钛粒子的高能暴露面增多,有助于有效地提高其光催化活性,粒子的晶化度有所增加且均匀附着在氧化石墨烯表面,不仅增大了粒子的比表面积,还降低了二氧化钛粒子的宽带隙能,有助于提高其光催化效率;同时,由于氧化石墨烯接收的二氧化钛受激发释放的光生电子的存在,氧化石墨烯对重金属离子的静电吸附能力显著增强,提高了氧化石墨烯去除重金属离子的效率;所制备的氧化石墨烯/具有高能暴露面二氧化钛纳米复合材料具有良好的处理反渗透浓水性能,氧化石墨烯含量为80 mg的纳米复合材料与pH调节至4的模拟反渗透浓水在室温下避光搅拌3 h、光催化反应1.5 h为较佳反应条件,该纳米复合材料的Pb2+、Cd2+、Cr6+去除率分别为32.2%、19.8%、11.7%,具有协同效应。  相似文献   

17.
以钛酸丁脂为钛源,用溶胶-凝胶法制得催化剂前驱体,用超临界干燥法处理获得大孔及高比表面积的TiO_2超细颗粒,该样品在苯酚光催化降解反应中显示出优良的催化性能,其催化活性显著优于由直接干燥法处理获得的TiO_2颗粒,而且催化剂具有良好的热稳定性,即使经过973 K的高温焙烧,仍能保持良好的催化活性,结合催化剂的系列表征,包括XRD、TEM、氮气吸附-脱附等温线、XPS等,初步讨论了超临界干燥法对改善TiO_2光催化活性的结构因素。  相似文献   

18.
以水热炭为模板, 采用溶胶–凝胶法制备TiO2光催化剂, 并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和BET比表面积测定等方法, 对催化剂的物相、组成、形貌和比表面积等进行表征。通过光催化降解甲基橙溶液, 评价样品的光催化性能。研究结果表明: 与TiO2相比, 以水热炭为模板制备的HTC-TiO2具有更高的热稳定性, 在煅烧温度较高时仍保持锐钛矿型。HTC-TiO2具有水热炭的片状结构特征,TiO2颗粒在HTC表面分散较好, 晶体粒径更小, 比表面积增加, 从而提高其光催化活性。当煅烧温度为450ºC时, 以水热炭为模板制备的HTC-TiO2对甲基橙的降解率在550 W碘钨灯光照2小时后达到40.6%, 光催化效率比TiO2(16.2%)提高1.5倍。  相似文献   

19.
Through electrospinning, La2CoMnO6 nanofibers were prepared from a polyvinylpyrrolidone/lanthanum nitrate–cobalt acetate–manganese acetate (PVP/LCM) precursor and were used as electrode materials. The morphologies and structures of the samples were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area analysis. The results show that the prepared La2CoMnO6 nanofibers are stable, one-dimensional structures formed from interconnected La2CoMnO6 nanoparticles with a diamond-like crystal structure. The specific surface area of the fibers is 79.407 m2·g-1. Electrochemical performance tests with a three-electrode system reveal the specific capacitance of the La2CoMnO6 nanofibers as 109.7 F·g-1 at a current density of 0.5 A·g-1. After 1000 charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 1 A·g-1, the specific capacitance maintains 90.9% of its initial value, demonstrating a promising performance of the constraint capacitance and good cyclic stability.  相似文献   

20.
磁控溅射制备Ag/TiO2复合薄膜的光催化降解性能   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
为了提高TiO2薄膜的光催化效率,利用中频交流磁控溅射技术,采用Ti和Ag金属靶制备了Ag/TiO2复合薄膜.利用X射线光电子能谱、 X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜分析了复合薄膜的成分、结构和表面形貌,并研究了其光催化降解性能.结果发现: Ag在厚度较薄时以聚集颗粒形式存在; 在Ag膜厚度为15 nm时, Ag/TiO2复合薄膜与TiO2薄膜相比其光催化效率可提高2倍; Ag/TiO2复合薄膜对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解效率与复合薄膜的透射率均随Ag膜厚度增加逐渐下降,其原因是Ag膜厚度不断增加,最终完全覆盖TiO2薄膜表面,阻挡了TiO2薄膜与污染物的有效接触, Ag作为光生电子捕获剂的有利影响消失.  相似文献   

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