井眼轨迹测斜计算方法误差分析

通过数值方法构造了用于井眼轨迹测斜计算方法对比分析的参考曲线,获得了测斜计算误差分析的参考条件.在此基础上对常用的平均角法、校正平均角法、平衡正切法、最小曲率法、弦步法以及它们的平均井眼位置的误差进行了对比分析.结果表明,无论哪种测斜计算方法,所表现出来的误差特性都很相似,均遵循随测深增加而线性增加的变化趋势.误差散点图表现出的分散性不强,与典型的随机误差的散点图相比,更偏向于系统误差的分布.由于井眼轨迹测斜计算方法误差对轨迹综合误差分析影响较小,因此,经过较大样本空间的分析,几种测斜计算方法所产生的误差概率密度函数均可用统一的解析式表示,通过最小二乘法拟合得到了该解析式的参数值.     

井眼轨迹圆柱螺线插值模型分析与优化

井眼轨迹的插值计算在定向井轨迹监控、防碰扫描、钻柱磨阻扭矩分析和三维井眼轨迹图形实时显示等许多问题中都有很重要的应用。根据现场需要,以经典圆柱螺线模型为基础,从空间解析几何学有关公式出发,推导出在圆柱螺线测斜条件下的插值解析计算公式。建立了圆柱螺线插值计算模型;并编制成相应软件。通过与现场实际数据、国外经典软件Com-pass对比分析,得出软件的方位角计算方法比Compass的方位角计算方法更符合实际,提高了计算精度,进而减少了其它变量的计算误差。     

定向井实钻井眼轨迹三维可视化描述

在石油钻井中，实钻井眼轨迹的计算与描述是井眼轨迹监测的重要环节，也是井眼轨道控制的基础．通过测斜数据的处理结合计算机图形学可以更直观地显示井眼轨迹空间形态．通过研究井眼轨迹上某测点邻近的结构形状及其变化规律，在微分几何理论基础上，利用井斜角、方位角与自然坐标系各单位矢量的几何关系推导出井眼轨迹的曲线结构计算模型，并提出了通过对测斜数据进行三次样条插值及多项式拟合数据平滑处理的方法以减小测量离散数据带来的误差；同时，结合面向对象技术和可视化技术，实现了定向井井眼轨迹的三维可视化描述．     

定向井实钻井眼轨迹三维可视化描述

在石油钻井中,实钻井眼轨迹的计算与描述是井眼轨迹监测的重要环节,也是井眼轨道控制的基础.通过测斜数据的处理结合计算机图形学可以更直观地显示井眼轨迹空间形态.通过研究井眼轨迹上某测点邻近的结构形状及其变化规律,在微分几何理论基础上,利用井斜角、方位角与自然坐标系各单位矢量的几何关系推导出井眼轨迹的曲线结构计算模型,并提出了通过对测斜数据进行三次样条插值及多项式拟合数据平滑处理的方法以减小测量离散数据带来的误差;同时,结合面向对象技术和可视化技术,实现了定向井井眼轨迹的三维可视化描述.     

对接连通井及定向钻井轨迹设计

矿产勘探开发及煤层气开发上,定向井及对接连通井正发挥越来越大的作用.定向钻井的轨迹设计计算方法有正切法、平均角法、平衡正切法、圆柱螺旋法（曲率半径法）、校正平均角法和弦步法,工程中以曲率半径法应用较多,但由于轨迹计算中存在拐点且复杂, 在误差不大的情况下,对接连通井完全可采用平均角法.但不管哪种计算方法,过去均以中央子午线作为纵轴,难以从中间计算结果判断实钻轨迹与设计轨迹偏差.本文主要介绍定向对接连通井轨迹设计参考方位建立及对应轨迹设计方法,非常适用定向井及对接井设计及工程应用.     

利用张力样条模拟定向井井眼轨迹的方法研究

根据张力样条的特性及定向井井眼轨迹的形成规律,提出了用张力样条模拟定向井井眼轨迹的方法.详细介绍了用张力样条法确定定向井井眼轨迹的步骤.利用这种方法可以计算定向井任一点的空间位置.实例计算结果表明,在已知任意个相邻测点之间,用张力样条插值计算未知测点的井斜角和方位角,与实测值相比,误差很小,满足实际井眼轨迹计算的要求,具有实用价值,为定向井井眼轨迹的计算提供了一种新的方法.     

定向井中造斜段下凹管柱屈曲性能分析

在定向井的造斜段,由于井眼轨迹的下凹,位于其中的管柱在重力与井眼的约束下存在初始下凹弯曲。为了了解定向井造斜段管柱的屈曲性能,运用最小势能原理推导出定向井造斜段下凹管柱屈曲载荷计算公式,分析了井斜角、造斜段井眼曲率半径对管柱屈曲载荷的影响。算例分析结果表明,随井斜角的和井眼曲率的增大,管柱屈曲临界载荷增加,管柱的纵向稳定性提高。     

恒装置角曲线的半解析计算

恒装置角曲线的计算需要使用数值积分法,这在一定程度上限制了它在钻井轨道设计中的实际应用.使用幂级数展开法得到了恒装置角曲线的半解析计算公式,讨论了幂级数展开的截断误差.使用钻井轨道设计算例对恒装置角曲线用于井眼轨道设计进行了数值研究,并与圆弧轨道设计结果进行了对比分析.结果表明,半解析计算公式具有非常好的计算速度和计算精度.     

激光船模轨迹仪误差分析和最佳工作区域研究

激光船模轨迹仪是自航船模航迹和二维姿态的激光自动测量系统。它是采用激光扫描测角和三角方法求出船模轨迹和姿态数据。由于测角系统的随机误差使所测船模上固定点的位置产生了偏差。本文着重分析一定概率下测角误差和船模位置偏差之间的关系,给出误差公式和一定区域上误差分析等精度曲线,最后讨论最佳工作区域问题。所得结果为激光船模轨迹仪的正确使用提供了依据。     

井眼轨迹随钻测量中的测斜仪器不对中随机误差分析

为了更加准确地描述随钻测量时产生的井眼轨迹误差，利用误差分析方法对随钻测量时测量仪器与井眼轴线不重合所产生的误差进行了分析，并采用拉格朗日插值进行了计算。结果表明，这种不对中所引起的测量误差属于随机误差的范畴，该误差对井斜和方位测量结果的作用是相同的，且服从均匀分布。算例分析表明，这种随机误差相对于系统误差所造成的井眼位置的不确定范围要小得多。测点处的随机误差椭球的中心与测点之间的距离很近，但是，随着钻头尺寸与钻铤尺寸差别的增大，此距离增大，并且椭球的3个半轴也呈现相同的变化趋势。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.