大油气田统计特征

对世界 373个大油气田、中国 39个大油气田以及世界 5个典型含油气盆地中 2 2 2 7个油气田的基础地质特征资料进行了统计分析 ,并建立了数据库。通过概率统计、单因素回归及多元逐步回归等方法 ,分别统计了油气最终可采储量与源岩、储层、盖层及圈闭等多项地质特征参数的关系 ,总结了大油气田的地质特征 ,探讨了大油气田形成与分布的主控因素。研究认为 ,丰度高、分布面积大、生烃转化率高的有效烃源岩是控制大油气田形成与分布的最关键因素 ;圈闭容积也是一个重要影响因素 ,与储量相关性非常好 ,大油气田应具有相当规模的圈闭。影响大油气田的决定因素是储集空间的大小 ,而储层厚度、孔隙度等与储量并无线性相关性。此外 ,由于不同类型盆地的演化规律不同 ,控制大油气田形成与分布的主要因素也不同     

全球大油气田勘探进展及勘探启示

 250 多年的世界油气勘探表明,全球石油和天然气储量主要富集在少数的大型油气田中。2010 年发现的Leviathan 和Franco 等一系列世界级大油气田,更是增强了勘探家对大油气田的勘探信心。研究新增大油气田的分布规律和成藏特征,对未来寻找大油气田更具有实践指导意义。通过搜集2007-2012 年间新增的57 个大油气田资料,在对新增大油气田分布特征、成藏条件和富集规律的分析基础上,结合典型油气田实例分析,总结了新增大油气田成藏特征和对今后的勘探启示。新增大油气田主要分布在21 个盆地,上侏罗-下白垩统页岩是主要烃源岩,下白垩统是大油气田主力富集层位。海底扇和斜坡水道等浊积砂岩是大油气田的有利储集相带。泛特提斯域盆地的中生界和南大西洋两岸盐盆的下白垩统是未来寻找大型油气田的主要场所。     

巴西被动大陆边缘盆地群大油气田形成条件

基于板块构造演化与岩相古地理特征,确定了巴西东海岸被动大陆边缘盆地群经历了早白垩世巴雷姆期陆内裂谷、阿普特期陆间裂谷、阿尔比期以来的被动大陆边缘3个原型阶段,分别充填了湖相及河流三角洲、过渡相碳酸盐岩与蒸发岩、海相碎屑岩为主的沉积体系。其中,陆内裂谷阶段湖相烃源岩为大油气田形成奠定了丰富的资源基础;陆间裂谷期碳酸盐岩及被动陆缘阶段海相浊积砂体形成两类优质储集层;陆间裂谷期蒸发岩及被动陆缘阶段海相页岩分别为碳酸盐岩及浊积砂体形成高效区域盖层。裂谷期湖相烃源岩始新世—中新世开始生排烃,油气首先沿裂谷期断层及砂砾岩体进入盐下储集层中,如果不发育盐窗,油气直接被盐岩高效封盖在下伏的以碳酸盐岩为主的地层中,形成盐下碳酸盐岩成藏组合;否则油气则会沿盐运动形成的断层运移至盐上被海相页岩"包裹"的浊积砂体之中富集,形成了"双保险"型大油气田成藏模式。搞清该盆地群大油气田的主控因素与成藏模式,不但深化了被动大陆边缘盆地油气富集规律,而且能为中国石油公司制定南美油气发展战略奠定地质基础。     

塔里木盆地大中型油气田形成及分布规律

目的 探讨塔里木盆地油气藏形成及分布规律,为油气田勘探部署提供依据。方法 运用石油地质综合研究方法,探讨了区域构造背景,有效烃源岩分布及其成熟度、储盖组合、后期构造变动等对塔里木盆地大中型油气田形成及分布的控制作用。结果 塔里木盆地油气分布十分复杂,油气藏形成及分布受多重因素控制;早期形成、长期继承发育的大型稳定古隆起及其斜坡以及前陆逆冲带第2,3排构造分别是大中型油气田形成的最有利地区;古隆起控油、斜坡富集以及隆起高部位油气易发生调整、斜坡部位有利于保存,是克拉通区油气藏形成和分布的重要特点;已发现的油气藏具有多期成藏、晚期调整的特点,早期形成的原生油气藏后期特别是晚喜山期普遍受到了调整改造,以克拉通区海相油气藏最为突出;保存条件对塔里木盆地油气藏形成与分布具有重要控制作用,特别是优质区域盖层的存在,是大中型油气田形成和保存的关键。结论 继承性古隆起与隐伏前陆逆冲带是塔里木克拉通区与前陆区寻找大中型油气田的最有利地区。     

中亚地区费尔干纳盆地油气地质特征

对中亚地区费尔干纳盆地的地层、沉积和石油地质特征等进行了综合研究.该盆地的烃源岩为下第三系、上白垩统和中下侏罗统的海相与湖相泥岩、页岩和泥灰岩,有四套含油气层系,主要油气储集层为下第三系的滨浅海相和三角洲相砂岩和碳酸盐岩,多套泥岩、膏岩和泥灰岩为区域性和局部盖层,油气主要运移期和聚集期发生在早上新世,油气圈闭和油气田(藏)主要有构造型、构造-地层复合型和地层型等3种,目前油气主要分布在南部边缘构造带的两个含油气区.全盆地最大的油气田--明布拉克油气田的发现,使盆地油气潜力评价价值更高,可为整个中亚地区的油气勘探开发提供借鉴和指导作用.     

大型三角洲-深水沉积盆地油气地质与成藏特征比较分析

三角洲-深水沉积体系是世界上大中型油气田形成的重要场所,独特的沉积环境为油气生成和聚集提供了良好的生储盖与圈闭条件,不同的构造与沉积背景具有不同的成藏特点。为进一步研究该类盆地成藏特征与油气分布规律,指导油气勘探,特选取马哈坎三角洲盆地、尼罗河三角洲盆地和刚果扇盆地3个世界级富含油气区,采用比较分析的研究方法,通过对盆地构造与沉积演化、沉积特点、烃源岩、成藏组合及油气成藏特征等方面对比分析,对3个类型的大型三角洲-深水沉积盆地的油气地质与成藏特征进行总结。结果表明,3大盆地均形成于被动大陆边缘稳定沉积背景,均发育了规模巨大的三角洲-深水沉积体系,石油地质条件非常优越;由于形成时期不同的古气候、古沉积与古构造条件,3大盆地在沉积模式、烃源岩、主要成藏组合、油气类型、油气运移及油气藏类型等方面又具有明显差异性;其未来主要勘探领域与勘探方向亦不同,马哈坎三角洲盆地以深水为主,尼罗河三角洲盆地以深层为主,刚果扇盆地以深水中浅层为主。     

南美Llanos盆地中生代-新生代构造沉积演化及石油地质特征

探讨南美Llanos盆地油气地质特征及成藏规律。在前人研究的基础上,通过对构造沉积演化、生-储-盖条件、圈闭特征、油气田分布等分析,总结了Llanos盆地油气运聚特征及富集规律,指出有利勘探方向。结果表明,Llanos盆地是中生代弧后裂谷与新生代前陆作用共同形成的叠合盆地,主力烃源岩为白垩系Gacheta组页岩,储层包括白垩系、古近系及新近系多套砂岩,已证实有油气的储盖组合有7套;该盆地油气运聚具有远距运移混源充注、断砂立体持续输导、近远灶阶梯式捕集成藏的特点,近灶优先捕集形成中深层、大中型构造油气田,远灶接替捕集形成浅层、小型复合型油气田。盆地西部发育逆掩推覆构造圈闭,数量少、规模大,可形成大型油气田,是构造圈闭的有利勘探目标区;盆地中部和东部主要发育岩性-构造圈闭、岩性圈闭及水动力圈闭,圈闭类型和数量多但规模小,可形成浅层小型油气田,是地层-构造、水动力-构造等复合圈闭的主要勘探目标区。     

用生产井信息确定储层非均质性

储层非均质性是油气田地质和开发工程中经常需要解决的问题，因为它在某种程度上决定了油气田内名井的油气产能，根据美国一些开发多年的油气田产量等生产数据（如累积产量，年度产量和月度产量等）利用数理统计方法结合地质分析提出了月度产量变异系数，年度产量变异系数和累积产量变异系数等特征参数，这些参数有有效地反映了层层内和平面非均质特征，对于高含水期的老油气田油藏地质模型研究很有帮助。     

中国古生代海相油气成藏特征

1970―1978年笔者在塔里木油气地质调研中首次提出古生代有发育的烃源岩，1984年沙参2井实现了古生代海相油田的首次重大突破。1992年通过多个古生代油气田深入研究建立了古生代海相油气成藏理论。其理论内涵：叠加复合盆地成藏，多时代多层系生油，多期成藏，多时代多类型储盖组合，多成藏模式，油气主要分布在古隆起、古斜坡、断裂带和不整合面附近。     

用生产井信息确定储层非均质性

储层非均质性是油气田地质和开发工程中经常需要解决的问题,因为它在某种程度上决定了油气田内各井的油气产能。根据美国一些开发多年的油气田产量等生产数据（如累积产量、年度产量和月度产量等）,利用数理统计方法结合地质分析提出了月度产量变异系数、年度产量变异系数和累积产量变异系数等特征参数,这些参数能有效地反映储层层内和平面非均质特征,对于高含水期的老油气田油藏地质模型研究很有帮助。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme     

WIMAX与WI-FI技术分析及联合组网

介绍了WiMAX与Wi-Fi两种无线宽带接入技术,并对两者之间的关系及相互之间的影响做了对比及分析,并对WiMAX的关键技术进行了详细说明,最后对两者的联合组网方式做了简单的探讨。