福州市白马河生态修复和景观改造方法探析

城市内河作为城市生态的重要载体,其生态问题很大程度上制约着城市的发展。近几年,国内许多城市都着力对城市内河的污染进行综合治理,但治理效果并不理想,返污现象频繁。为此以福州市白马河为例,分析福州内河治理返污的原因,并以生态修复为基础探索综合运用生物修复、物理修复以及其他工程手段的内河治理方法,强调通过恢复水生态系统的自修复和自调节能力,实现水生态系统的良性循环,从而净化内河水质、优化生态护岸、美化内河景观。     

城市河道黑臭评价模型研究进展

介绍了城市河道黑臭的成因及机理,评述了目前国内外在城市河道黑臭评价方面所取得的一系列成果.对目前国内外各类河道黑臭评价模型进行比较,筛选出多元线性回归模型、有机污染指数模型、黑臭多因子加权指数模型和综合水质标识指数法这几种使用较为广泛的模型并进行分析,并对城市河道黑臭评价模型建立的发展趋势进行了展望.     

汾河太原城区段水体黑臭评价

以多断面、长时间、高频度现场观测与水质监测资料为基础,应用黑臭单因子污染指数、有机污染指数和黑臭多因子加权指数分别对水体进行黑臭评价,提出了适合汾河太原城区段的水质黑臭评价方法和标准。     

天津市黑臭水体水质调查及长效改善技术研究

对天津市建成区21条黑臭河道的透明度、溶解氧及NH_3-N等指标进行现场调查和采样监测,对黑臭河道水质状况进行评价和分级.分析黑臭水体的污染特征及黑臭原因,提出"排查评估→污染削减→生态恢复→水系循环→信息公开"分步骤进行黑臭水体整治的总体方案,根据河道特点制定"一河一策"水体污染整治措施,为天津市黑臭水体整治和管理提供科学依据.     

广州市谷河轮虫群落结构及水体黑臭水平

珠江支流谷河表观上可定义为城市黑臭水体。轮虫作为重要的指示生物,在评价水体营养和污染状态等方面得到广泛应用,但轮虫与黑臭水体关系的研究基本为空白。于2017年11月至2018年3月对广州谷河中大河段进行了轮虫与水体黑臭的3次调研。通过轮虫污染指示性种类组成、E/O指数、Q_(B/T)指数和香农多样性指数(H′)对水质进行富营养化评价,采用黑臭多因子加权指数法(I_B)对谷河进行黑臭评价。结果表明,谷河中大河段的轮虫共计35种,隶属10科16属,其中污染指示种23种。根据E/O指数和Q_(B/T)指数均判定谷河达到富营养化水平。H′指数判定谷河为α-中污型和β-中污型。Pearson相关性分析表明轮虫种类数、丰度与水温、COD_(Mn)、DO、Chl a呈显著相关(P﹤0.05)。典范对应分析显示,藻类丰度、Chl a、水温、COD_(Mn)等是影响谷河群落结构变化的重要因素,前翼轮虫、晶囊轮虫与I_B呈相关性显著,可作为谷河水体污染加重的指示生物。但轮虫总丰度、臂尾轮虫总丰度、臂尾轮虫组成比例与I_B没有显著相关性。研究表明轮虫可作为有效的水体污染指示生物来评价谷河水体营养状况,但用来评价水体黑臭状况还有待后续的深入研究。     

福州内河水环境综合治理研究

介绍了福州城区内河治理现状,分析了其存在的主要问题;着重就实施内河水环境综合治理,实现水体水质良好、生态功能完善的几个措施,即内河水动力水质模型的建立与水流污染物运动规律研究、城市污水处理系统的完善、内河引水冲污调度实时控制系统建设和内河水生态环境重建等问题进行了探讨.     

东平湖轮虫群落与水质评价

报道了东平湖轮虫群落结构特征及数量的季节变动,并依据调查结果,采用“指示生物法”“生物指数法”和“Ｒ．Ｍａｒｇａｌｅｆ多样性指数法”评价该糊水质状况及营养化程度,研究表明,轮虫对水体污染具有较好的指示作用,东平湖水质属于寡污－β中污至β中污型,且各采样站水质污染程度有的差别。     

晋阳湖轮虫群落特征与水质相关性的研究

对晋阳湖轮虫种类组成、密度及物种多样性进行了初步研究，依据轮虫群落结构、指示物种和多样性指数，评价晋阳湖水质状况及营养化的程度．研究表明轮虫对水体污染有较好的指示作用，晋阳湖水质属于寡污-β中污，且各采样站水质污染程度差异不大．     

影响引清调水黑臭改善效果因素分析

黑臭是水质有机污染的一种极端现象,是由于水体缺氧,有机物腐败而造成的。伴随着城市快速扩张、工业化进程加快、人口急剧膨胀,珠三角河网水体受到严重污染,其中有许多河涌特别是断头涌出现季节性或常年性黑臭现象。实践证明,引清调水对改善水体黑臭效果明显。分析黑臭及其影响改善效果的各个因素的相关关系,结果表明：污染源是影响河涌水体黑臭改善效果的主要影响因素,污染源的数量、排污口的面积与黑臭的相关系数分别达到了0．861、0．925;涨潮时引水流量是对河涌黑臭改善有利的主要影响因素,其相关系数为-0．542。实施截污和清淤,通过长期引清调水,可以根本解决河涌水体的黑臭问题。     

城市黑臭河道富营养化次生灾害形成机制及其控制对策思考

对城市河道黑臭污染的形成及其治理、富营养化次生灾害表现形式、形成机制以及预防和控制对策等方面进行了总结和研究.结果表明,随着城市黑臭河道相应污染治理工程、措施的实施,河道水体污染负荷得到了大大消减、水质得到了一定的改善、黑臭也逐步好转,但营养盐仍处于相对较高的水平,且可被植物直接利用吸收的营养盐储备充足,同时,黑臭污染的治理使得受损的河道生态系统得到了一定的恢复和重建,当外界环境条件适宜时,极易引起水华暴发、浮萍泛滥、水葫芦"疯"长、水生植物生物量激增等富营养化次生灾害.对于城市黑臭河道治理后富营养化次生灾害的预防和控制必须以城市黑臭河道污染治理为基础,将其纳入到河道污染整治整体规划中.综合运用上/下行效应理论,应从外源控制、内源治理和修复、整体生态系统恢复等角度进行系统预防和控制.同时也应厘清思路,认识到城市黑臭河道富营养化及其次生灾害的形成是城市黑臭河道污染治理过程中的必经阶段,城市河道水环境治理应从当前的"黑臭等重污染治理"向"氮磷营养盐控制"转变.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.