城市污泥与煤混烧过程中Nox和N2O的排放特性

在热输入为0.2 MW的循环流化床试验台上进行了城市污泥与煤的混烧试验,着重研究了污泥/煤掺混质量比、空气过剩系数、二次风率等因素对NOx及N2O排放的影响.研究表明,随着污泥掺烧比例的增大,流化床密相区和稀相区的温度明显下降,烟气中NO和NO2的质量浓度均呈下降趋势,而N2O的质量浓度则明显上升;随着空气过剩系数的增加,NOx和N2O的排放质量浓度均呈增加趋势;在空气过剩系数保持不变的条件下,随着二次风率的增加,密相区的还原性气氛增强,NOx和N2O的排放质量浓度呈下降趋势.     

造纸废弃物与煤循环流化床混烧特性研究

将生产瓦楞纸板的造纸工艺废弃物包括造纸污泥和制程废渣与煤相混在循环流化床中焚烧,具有燃烧稳定、燃尽率高和污染物排放低等优点,是一种理想的处理方式.在一座密相区截面积为0.23 m×0.23 m、高度为7 m的循环流化床燃烧试验装置上首次进行了高水分、低热值造纸污泥/废渣与煤混烧的系统性试验研究.结果表明:随二次风率增加,密相区温度略有下降,稀相区温度有所降低,燃烧效率提高;随空气过剩系数增大,密相区温度升高,稀相区温度起先上升然后下降,存在一个最佳值,其所对应的燃烧效率最高;随废弃物掺混质量比增大,炉膛温度普遍下降,燃烧效率相应降低.研究结果为一台蒸发量为45 t/h的造纸废弃物与煤混烧焚烧锅炉的优化设计和成功投运提供了可靠依据.     

造纸污泥与煤循环流化床混烧试验研究

在一座密相区截面积为 0 .2 3m× 0 .2 3m、高度为 7m的循环流化床燃烧实验装置上进行了造纸污泥与烟煤混烧的实验研究 .探明流化速度、二次风率和空气过剩系数等参数对燃烧性能和SO2 、NOx等排放特性的影响规律 .研究结果为造纸污泥与烟煤混烧焚烧炉的优化设计提供依据     

流化床反应器中生物质空气气化试验研究

流化床反应器中生物质空气气化结果受诸多因素影响，其中反应温度、空气当量比对产气质量影响较大．实验结果表明，在720℃时气化产气热值较高，气体质量较好，气化气热值在5～8．6MJ／Nm^3之间．随着空气当量比增加，气化气热值降低；随着温度升高，气化气质量下降；密相层与稀相层进料对气化结果也有较大影响．     

基于遗传算法的污泥高温空气层燃炉焚烧系统参数优化

高温空气燃烧炉内温度高,火焰大,燃烧稳定并能一定程度上抑制二恶英等有害物的生成。以层燃炉为研究对象,以高温空气燃烧技术处理高水分污泥,并对其系统参数进行了优化。该系统布置污泥在炉排上层燃,布置二燃室作为挥发分的燃烬室,通过在焚烧炉的烟道布置蓄热式高温空气发生器,回收烟气中的热量产生获得高温空气作为污泥焚烧的一、二次空气。对煤耗量的众多相互影响因素中,空气过剩系数,预热空气中氧的含量,一、二次风配比,物料停留时间,排烟温度对煤耗量影响明显,因此,选取耗煤量为目标函数,考虑敏感的煤耗量影响参数变量的许可范围不等式,用遗传算法对多个自变量影响参数进行寻优,得到了一个煤耗量最佳的系统方案。为污泥处理提供一种新颖、高效、低成本的处理技术——污泥高温空气燃烧技术,优化可为污泥高温空气焚烧处理系统的设计提供了参考。     

逆流型废液与非饱和空气的热质交换性能研究

提出了一种新型的逆流形式的填料塔废液处理装置,对含水率为94%的金属切削废液与非饱和空气进行热质交换实验研究,获得了不同运行工况下废液和空气的进出口状态参数,然后基于传质单元数-路易斯数模型,使用路易斯数-换质系数分离测量法对实验数据进行处理,获得了传质系数αm和路易斯数Le,进而计算出传热系数α,分析运行参数对传热传质系数和Le的影响。研究发现,空气流量、废液流量和废液温度的增大都会使得传热传质系数增加;空气流量和废液流量对Le的影响很小,变化范围在0.96~0.99,随着废液温度的增大,Le明显减小,从1.3降低到0.71。     

稠油掺稀井掺稀参数对井口压力的影响研究

本文针对影响稠油掺稀降粘的四种掺稀参数--掺稀量、掺稀相对密度、掺稀温度及掺稀深度,采用多元二次非线性回归方法研究了它们对稠油掺稀井井口压力的影响规律并进行了分析。结果表明：井口压力随着掺稀量、掺稀相对密度、掺稀温度及掺稀深度呈线性变化趋势,随着掺稀量、掺稀温度及掺稀深度的增加而增加,随着掺稀相对密度的增加而降低。掺稀量对井口压力的影响最大,而掺稀相对密度、掺稀温度及掺稀深度的影响相对小些。     

基于正交试验的双P型辐射管三级燃烧器低NOx仿真

为降低双P型辐射管NOx 排放,运用扩散式分段燃烧的低NOx 均匀化燃烧技术,设计一种辐射管三级燃烧器,对其进行数值模拟,经过验证模型可靠.对燃烧器结构及运行参数进行正交试验和单因素研究.研究表明：空气预热温度、空气分级配比和空气过剩系数对出口NOx 排放浓度有显著的影响,相互无交互作用;一次风量由10%增大到20%时NOx 生成量由65.2×10-6增加到108.2×10-6,一次风量增加到30%以上时出口NOx 体积分数增加速率趋缓;空气预热温度每增加100益,最高燃烧温度增加约50益,排放气体中NOx 体积分数由50.9×10-6以22%、23.2%、25.3%、27.2%、27.3%和29.5%的速率增加;随空气过剩系数增加,出口NOx 体积分数由82×10-6呈22.1%、1.9%、2.1%、24%和2.5%的波动增长趋势.     

直喷发动机燃用天然气掺氢混合燃料的性能与排放

对缸内直喷火花点火发动机燃用天然气氢气混合燃料时的性能与排放进行了试验研究．研究结果表明：在喷射脉宽一定的条件下，当天然气掺氢比例小时，平均有效压力和热效率有所下降，当掺氢比例达到一定值（即氢的体积分数为5％～10％）后，平均有效压力和热效率增加，此现象在稀混合气条件下更加明显，表明天然气掺氢对稀混合气燃烧过程的改善有显著作用；发动机HC和CO2的排放浓度随天然气中掺氢比例的增加而下降，原因是掺氢增加了混合燃料中氢碳的量的比值和混合气过量空气系数；在稀混合气条件下，发动机的NQ的排放浓度随掺氢比的增加而有所降低，CO的排放浓度基本上不随掺氢量的改变而改变。     

甘蔗渣碱法制浆废液多聚物的动态粘弹特性

利用Rheometrics RFSII型流变仪对甘蔗渣桨废液多聚物的动态粘弹性进行了测试。应变扫描实验得出甘蔗渣浆废液多聚物的临界应变达到0．05。在线性粘弹性范围内，频率扫描试验得出：甘蔗渣浆废液多聚物是具有一定粘弹性的粘弹体，增加固含量和提高温度都会提高复合模量G^*，粘弹性更突出。随着剪切振荡频率的增加，复合粘度下降，振荡剪切—稀化现象显著。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.