粉煤灰活性评定新方法

活性是影响粉煤灰路用品质的一项重要指标,目前还没有一种简便宜行的方法评定路用粉煤灰的活性.选取3省14种粉煤灰,采用石灰吸收法对粉煤灰活性进行研究.通过对比研究粉煤灰的氢氧化钙吸收量、需水量比、炭质量分数等指标与二灰混合料早、中期强度之间的关系,提出粉煤灰活性指数指标.该指标综合考虑了粉煤灰的物理、物理化学性质以及火山灰活性度.通过对比活性指数与二灰混合料早、中期强度之间的关系,表明粉煤灰7 d和28 d的强度都与粉煤灰活性值密切相关,活性指数可以用来快速评价和预测二灰混合料的初期强度.     

不同活性石灰的性能

以活性石灰为研究对象,对其进行微观分析。通过测定石灰物性,如活性度、石灰体积密度、气孔率、比表面积与孔径等,确定了石灰活性与其物性相互之间的关系。石灰活性度随着体积密度、孔径的增大而减小,随着比表面积气孔率的增大而增大。从活性石灰微孔和中孔的分布范围和积累量来看,石灰中微孔和中、孔的积累量越大,石灰活性度越高。     

关于制备活性粉煤灰的研究

研究了增大低炭粉煤灰的比表面积及制备活性粉煤灰的方法。用ＣａＣｌ２溶液处理再经活化－炭化，能使粉煤灰的比表面积增大数倍；用简便方法进行特殊处理，可使比表面积增大到３００ｍ＾２／ｇ左右。     

不同活性石灰的性能

以活性石灰为研究对象,对其进行微观分析。通过测定石灰物性,如活性度、石灰体积密度、气孔率、比表面积与孔径等,确定了石灰活性与其物性相互之间的关系。石灰活性度随着体积密度、孔径的增大而减小,随着比表面积气孔率的增大而增大。从活性石灰微孔和中孔的分布范围和积累量来看,石灰中微孔和中、孔的积累量越大,石灰活性度越高。     

石灰的微观结构与其活性度的关系

研究了活性石灰的微观结构与活性度的关系.在AutoPore Ⅳ 9500型压汞仪上对样品进行孔隙结构分析,在场发射扫描电子显微镜下观察样品的微观形貌,通过国标法测了试样品活性度.实验发现:随着比表面积、孔容积的增大,石灰活性度增大;随着平均孔径的增加,石灰的活性度下降.     

电炉钢渣活性激发研究

对电炉钢渣（熔炼渣和精炼渣）在机械激发、热激发和化学激发作用下的活性特征进行研究．研究表明：标准养护条件下，电炉钢渣活性指数随比表面积增加而显著增加；热激发作用下，电炉钢渣活性指数有较大幅度提高；热激发作用下钢渣的活性指数也随着比表面积的增加而提高；常温养护和蒸压养护条件下，精炼渣都没有表现出比熔炼渣更高的活性；无论是标准养护还是蒸压养护，电炉钢渣在各种碱存在的情况下，大多表现为强度下降，仅Na2s0。或NaOH在蒸压养护条件下对熔炼渣有激发作用，提高了熔炼渣的活性．     

不同掺合料掺量的活性粉末混凝土抗压强度试验

通过活性粉末混凝土试件的受压试验,研究不同掺合料掺量的活性粉末混凝土在标准养护28 d条件下的受压力学性能。分析活性粉末混凝土立方体抗压强度、棱柱体抗压强度、弹性模量和峰值应变的相互换算关系,拟合出活性粉末混凝土应力-应变曲线方程式。研究结果表明:掺合料含量对活性粉末混凝土抗压强度影响较大,不同掺合料对活性粉末混凝土强度影响由大到小依次为:粉煤灰>硅粉>双掺粉煤灰和石英粉>硅微粉>石英粉,当粉煤灰掺合料掺量为40%时,活性粉末混凝土能达到较高强度。     

煤矸石发电厂循环流化床固硫灰的活性试验研究

对煤矸石发电厂循环流化床固硫灰的活性进行了试验研究,并与2种燃煤发电厂排放的粉煤灰进行了对比分析。结果表明：固硫灰在标准养护和湿热养护条件下的活性指数均高于粉煤灰,但在蒸压养护条件下为最低;提出利用固硫灰研发建筑制品时,应采用与实际生产养护条件相同的活性指数作为重要的技术依据。     

湿排粉煤灰活性影响因素试验

选用4种低钙粉煤灰,通过实验室模拟方法制备湿排粉煤灰,采用抗压强度比表示粉煤灰活性,研究了模拟湿排时间、温度、pH值以及海水湿排的粉煤灰活性变化.结果显示,随着湿排时间延长,粉煤灰活性呈早期降低快后期渐缓趋势;高温湿排的早期粉煤灰活性有一定提高;酸性环境能明显提高粉煤灰活性;海水湿排粉煤灰活性变化规律与淡水湿排粉煤灰类似.可以认为,湿排粉煤灰活性总体呈降低趋势,有些情况下湿排粉煤灰活性表现增加,是因为湿排溶蚀后暴露出更多的活性物质有利于粉煤灰活性的发挥.     

低活性粉煤灰改性及改性剂用量的测定

低活性粉煤灰是在通常条件下无法用石灰进行加固稳定形成强度的一类性能较差的粉煤灰材料.通过对影响粉煤灰性能的内外因素的分析,采用以碱性化学外掺剂激发活性的方法对低活性粉煤灰进行改性;同时,研究影响改性效果的关键因素--外掺剂用量的试验检测方法,以达到劣质粉煤灰的改性再利用并确保改性效果的目的.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the