塔南—南贝尔凹陷沉南屯组沉积相特征

在大庆油田外围勘探区块中,塔南—南贝尔凹陷是一个潜在有利勘探区块.石油地质背景复杂,前期资料少,为查明研究区的油气分布,需对研究区的沉积环境、沉积相及其特征进行研究,建立准确的沉积模型.根据岩芯观察,粒度分析、测井相,分析研究区水动力学特征、构建沉积相模式,预测砂体分布范围;利用地震属性分析,预测井间砂体展布范围.综合上述研究成果,对全区南一段和南二段地层单元的沉积相进行预测.研究结果表明:塔南—南贝尔凹陷主要发育冲积扇、扇三角洲、近岸水下扇、湖底扇和湖泊沉积体系,其中扇三角洲和湖泊沉积体系是研究区内最为发育的沉积体系类型.     

廊固凹陷固安-旧州地区沙三-42下段重力流沉积特征

本文根据沉积物的主要支撑机制在廊固凹陷固安——旧州地区识别出了泥石流、碎屑流、颗粒流和浊流四种重力流沉积物类型,并对各种类型的沉积物特征、纵横向演化规律以及砂体的空间展布作了进一步的探讨,结合区域地质背景建立了本区重力流沉积模式。     

珠江口盆地文昌凹陷浅海陆架砂体沉积特征及油气勘探意义

针对珠江口盆地文昌凹陷新近系珠江组一段上部浅海环境下陆架砂体沉积特征认识不明确、岩性圈闭落实难度大等问题,在对区域地质、岩心、测井、地震及化验测试等资料综合分析的基础上,通过运用对比分析方法,首次系统研究了珠江口盆地文昌凹陷珠江组一段上部浅海陆架砂体沉积特征、展布特征并建立沉积演化模式,分析其沉积演化规律。结果表明,研究区珠江组一段上部主要发育滨外砂坝、潮流沙脊、风暴砂等三种成因陆架砂体,在粒度概率曲线、测井相、沉积构造等方面表现出明显不同的沉积特征。平面上滨外砂坝主要平行岸线分布,潮流沙脊垂直岸线展布,风暴砂规模小距离岸线较远。通过对研究区陆架砂体的沉积演化过程分析认为,浅海陆架砂体的沉积特征和空间分布受水动力条件和古地貌的综合控制,这对于在该区预测浅海陆架砂体分布并寻找岩性油气藏具有重要意义。     

沧东凹陷孔二段细粒沉积岩沉积微相研究

以沧东凹陷孔二段细粒沉积岩为研究对象,系统划分了细粒沉积岩岩相类型.以目的层段细粒沉积岩沉积环境为背景,在周缘骨架砂体沉积相控制下,综合细粒沉积岩岩石类型及岩相特征,将孔二段细粒沉积相区划分为深湖中心局限细粒沉积微相、半深湖平阔细粒沉积微相、前三角洲细粒沉积微相、水下扇外缘细粒沉积微相、半深湖边缘平静细粒沉积微相、半深湖地貌隆起细粒沉积微相等六种微相类型,总结了不同微相在矿物组成、岩石类型及组构、发育环境等方面的差异,明确沉积微相的平面展布特征.     

饶阳凹陷中央隆起带滩坝沉积模式

饶阳凹陷中央隆起带沙河街组沉积时期广泛发育碎屑岩滩坝砂体沉积.综合利用岩芯观察、岩石薄片分析、测井录井、粒度分析等资料,结合研究区古地理背景,对其沉积特征和分布规律进行了系统研究.结果表明,饶阳凹陷中央隆起带滩坝砂体岩性以粉砂岩和细砂岩为主,成分成熟度和结构成熟度均较高.根据沉积特征和沉积环境的不同,滩坝可划分为坝和滩两个亚相并进一步细分为坝主体、坝侧缘、滩席和滩间四个微相.中央隆起带滩坝砂体的分布受古地形、古水深和古物源供给综合控制.在平面上滩坝砂体沿着断鼻轴线展布,断鼻南翼较缓的地形更加有利于滩坝砂体发育;沙一下亚段和沙三上亚段沉积时期发生湖侵,浪基面与枯水面之间的作用带展宽,广泛的浅水环境为滩坝砂体的沉积提供了有利条件;中等物源供给速率是滩坝持续发育的重要保障.     

扶余油层沉积特征及对油气分布的控制作用-以松辽盆地大庆长垣以东地区为例

在大量录井和密井网测井数据基础上结合岩芯和重矿物资料,对物源体系、储层沉积特征及单砂体级沉积微相进行了研究。结果表明长垣以东地区扶余层主要受北部拜泉—青冈物源和西南保康物源控制,两物源在徐家围子附近交汇后向东流出,发育典型的河控浅水三角洲沉积体系。以三角洲平原和内前缘亚相为主,微相类型主要为顺直型分流河道,呈北东向和南北向展布;平面上砂体在北部和西南部最厚,向凹陷中心逐渐减薄;垂向上中部(FⅠ6-FⅡ1小层)砂体最发育,是主要的储集层位。沉积微相与构造叠合显示出沉积微相明显控制了油气的分布,分流河道砂与构造合理配置形成的构造-岩性圈闭,为下一步油气勘探的最有利部位。     

渤海K油田浅水三角洲复合砂体成因刻画

渤海K油田新近系明下段储层受浅水三角洲沉积控制，复合砂体的内部结构较为复杂。为明确复合砂体成因、沉积期次及单期砂体展布特征，以明下段A砂体为例，从层序划分入手，建立了复合砂体地层结构；在沉积模式指导下，结合测井及岩芯资料厘定了砂体成因；通过井震结合，划分了成因期次，并分期表征了单砂体展布特征。结果表明，A砂体为分流河道、天然堤、末端决口扇、分流间湾，可细分为3个沉积期次，根据各期次内部不同成因类型的砂体接触关系，归纳为分流河道侧切、河间天然堤沉积、河间分流间湾沉积和分流河道-末端决口扇接触等4种类型。     

苏里格气田东二区二叠系山西组山2段沉积相特征及演化

为明确苏里格气田东二区二叠系山西组山2段沉积相特征及类型,采用现代沉积学理论为指导,综合岩芯观察、岩石薄片鉴定、测井曲线特征等资料进行分析,通过沉积构造识别、测井相分析及古生物标志鉴定,系统性对东二区山2段沉积微相类型及特征进行研究;在单井相及沉积序列研究基础上,结合沉积相连井剖面及砂地比特征,刻画了山32~山12沉积微相展布特征及时空演化。研究结果表明:山2沉积期东二区北部为近源砂质辫状河沉积,主要发育心滩、辫状河道、泛滥平原、洪漫沼泽等沉积微相,垂向上"砂包泥"特征明显,发育"辫状河道-河漫滩"沉积序列;南部为曲流河沉积,主要发育边滩、河道充填、漫滩、天然堤等沉积微相,垂向上"二元结构"特征明显,发育"曲流河道-河漫滩"沉积序列。山32~山12沉积期北部辫状河与南部曲流河的分界位置逐渐向北迁移,迁移距离约20 km.研究成果对该区砂体展布规律及储层综合评价研究具有指导意义,北部辫状河心滩与南部曲流河边滩是形成有效储层的有利相带。     

双坨子气田泉头组第一段沉积微相及储集物性特征

松辽盆地双坨子气田下白垩统泉头组第一段为主力产气层段,发育曲流河和辫状河沉积体系。利用岩石相与测井相转换技术对其沉积微相进行了划分与对比,进一步识别出边滩、心滩、决口扇、河道滞留、天然堤和泛滥平原等沉积微相,并对其沉积微相平面展布特征进行了研究,为砂体空间分布预测和三维储层属性建模提供了重要依据。砂体展布受控于沉积微相,结合物性资料统计分析,认为边滩砂体是研究区曲流河沉积中最有利的储集相带,心滩砂体是辫状河沉积中最有利的储集相带。     

苏里格气田苏36区块盒8—山1段沉积特征

苏里格气田苏36区块主产层为盒8—山1段,为了探究该区沉积微相类型及砂体展布规律,在前人研究成果的基础,通过岩心观察与描述、岩性分析、粒度分析、单井相解释及连井剖面分析等方法,对研究区沉积微相类型及砂体的空间展布特征进行研究,并模拟沉积演化模式。研究结果表明:盒8上亚段和山1段发育曲流河沉积相,可识别出点坝、决口扇、泛滥平原等微相;盒8下亚段发育辫状河沉积相,可识别出心坝、侧坝、沙泥坪等微相。从山1段到盒8段,沉积体系由曲流河到辫状河,又过渡为曲流河;物源主要来自东北方向,近物源碎屑物快速堆积;砂体平行物源供给方向呈条带状展布,沿长轴方向砂体连续性较好。有利储集体集中在盒8下亚段,储集性能优于盒8上及山1段。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the