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1.
Understanding the stressor–response relationship between nutrient levels and algal biomass is a prerequisite for the management of eutrophication in lakes. In this study, a quantile regression(QR) approach was used to interpret the stressor–response relationships between nutrient(e.g., phosphorus, nitrogen) concentrations and algal biomass as measured by chlorophyll-a(Chl-a) levels. QR results indicated that Lake Dianshan and Lake Changdang,which are both heavily eutrophicated, were P-limited only.In contrast, Lake Kuilei, which has significantly lower nutrient levels and algal biomass than the other two lakes,was P- and N-limited. Moreover, in Lake Kuilei, N and P levels had significant interaction effects on the algal biomass at the upper quantiles(s [ 0.68). The degree to which the lakes were P-limited increased with rises in the mean total P concentration in the lakes. QR has many advantages over ordinary least squares regression for discriminating limiting factors and, in particular, allows us to estimate changes near the upper extremes of distributions associated with limiting factors. QR is adapted to more specialized risk management problems, such as early warnings of the risk of algal blooms.The probable value-at-risk of harmful algal blooms for Lake Kuilei, Lake Dianshan and Lake Changdang is s = 0.76(Chl-a = 9 mg/m3), s = 0.87(Chl-a = 24 mg/m3) and s = 0.72(Chl-a = 35 mg/m3), respectively. Given the results of the stressor–response relationship analysis, we conclude that reductions in P input represent the most feasible and least costly approach for managing eutrophication in the shallow lakes of the Lake Taihu Basin. To control the magnitude and duration of algal blooms in shallow lakes,reductions in P and N inputs are required. The 95 % CI bounds of slopes indicated that the interactions of nonnutrient factors with nutrients had strong impacts on the algal biomass in lightly eutrophicated Lake Kuilei. It is suggested that, in addition to reductions in nutrient loads,several ecological measures, such as an increase in the biomass of submerged macrophytes and the reduction of hydraulic retention time by flushing, could represent important components of an integrated approach to eutrophication management in the Lake Taihu Basin.  相似文献   

2.
A compact and cost-effective all-sky Fabry-Perot interferometer, which is produced by Wuhan University and used for the observation of the thermospheric neutral wind, was installed at Chinese Yellow River Station in Nylesund, Svalbard in November 2010, and continuously operated in last two winter seasons. The 92-day all-sky interference data acquired from November 1, 2011 to February 26, 2012 were collected to get the velocity of thermospheric neutral wind, which was calculated from the Doppler shift caused by the movement of oxygen atom at the different layers. The database was divided into two periods: (1) The OI 557.7 nm emission was observed from November 1, 2011 to January 12, 2012. Observations showed that the velocity of horizontal wind is normally less than ~40 m/s on the quiet condition, and exceeded 100 m/s on the disturbed condition; and (2) the OI 630.0 nm emission was observed from January 13, 2012 to February 26, 2012. Observations showed that the velocity of horizontal wind is normally less than ~200 m/s, and enhanced to over 300 m/s on strong magnetic activities. It shows that the velocities of meridional and zonal wind are more consistent with the velocities calculated from the model HWM07 at the higher layer, especially for the zonal direction at nightside auroral regions. Ion drag and Joule heating were the two important processes considered in the analysis of the relationship between the wind pattern and aurora, suggesting that wind speed would be increased and accelerated in the direction perpendicular to the aurora arc when the aurora activity becomes strong.  相似文献   

3.
The effects of pH and Eh on release of nitrogen and phosphorus from sediments of West Lake under different conditions were investigated by simulation test. Results showed that the net flux of NH4^ -N re-lease from sediments increased with pH, but NO3^- -N showed negative-going release at all tested pH levels.The net flux of NH4^ -N release from sediments was higher under anaerobic or aerobic condition of the overly-ing water, but only under aerobic condition would net release of NO3^- -N occur. It was also shown that phos-phorus released was mainly in its inorganic form, higher pH and anaerobic conditions of overlying water greatly stimulated release of phosphorus. In situ measurement at several West Lake locations indicated that sediment resuspension induced by boat propeller stimulated nutrients release from sediment into overlying water.  相似文献   

4.
The effects of nitrate concentration in the main anoxic zone on denitrifying dephosphatation capability were conducted based on modified University of Cape Town (MUCT) process. Meanwhile the relation between optimal nitrate concentration (Nopt) and influent C/N ratio was evaluated, in which the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration was stabilized at (290±10)mg/L, the influent total phosphorus (TP) concentration was stabilized at (7.0±0.5)mg/L. The results indicated that: (1) the nitrate concen...  相似文献   

5.
Literatures revealed that the electron acceptor-nitrite could be inhibitory or toxic in the denitrifying phosphorus removal process. Batch test experiments were used to investigate the inhibitory effect during the anoxic condition. The inoculated activated sludge was taken from a continuous double-sludge denitrifying phosphorus and nitrogen removal system. Nitrite was added at the anoxic stage. One time injection and sequencing batch injection were carried on in the denitrifying dephosphorus procedure. The results indicated that the nitrite concentration higher than 30 mg/L would inhibit the anoxic phosphate uptake severely,and the threshold inhibitory concentration was dependent on the characteristics of the activated sludge and the operating conditions; instead,lower than the inhibitory concentration would not be detrimental to anoxic phosphorus uptake,and it could act as good electron acceptor for the anoxic phosphate accumulated. Positive effects performed during the denitrifying biological dephosphorus all the time. The utility of nitrite as good electron acceptor would provide a new feasible way in the denitrifying phosphorus process.  相似文献   

6.
The effects of nitrate concentration on the capability of phosphorus uptake in the main anoxic stage were investigated.Meanwhile, the biomass fractions — heterotrophs, phosphateaccumulating organisms( PAOs),and nitrifying organisms in a pilot-scale enhanced biological phosphorus removal( EBPR) system— were both experimentally and theoretically evaluated( from the mass balance calculations of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus),under optimum nitrate concentration in the main anoxic stage,in which the influent chemical oxygen demand( COD)concentration was stabilized at( 290 ± 10) mg·L^- 1and the influent total phosphorus( TP) concentration was stabilized at( 7. 0 ± 0. 5)mg · L^- 1. In long term operations,the process exhibited high performance in removing organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Approximately 46. 41% of organic matter,57. 21% of nitrogen,and 48. 14% of phosphorus were removed from the influent in the form of carbon dioxide,nitrogen gas,and polyphosphate,respectively. XH( heterotrophs),XPAO( PAOs),and XAUT( autotrophs) were regarded as the major organisms responsible for biomass production. The yield fractions of XHgrowth in the first anoxic,the second anoxic,and the aerobic stages were 10. 24%,19. 11%,and 19. 71%,respectively; the yield fractions of XPAO growth in the second anoxic and the aerobic stages were 24. 34% and19. 86%,respectively; the yield fraction of XAUTgrowth in the aerobic stage was 6. 74%. These results showed that XHand XPAOformed the major community. Moreover,a higher amount of XPAOgrowth on stored poly-hydroxyalkanoates( PHAs) under the anoxic condition was seen in this EBPR system for municipal wastewater treatment.  相似文献   

7.
Tropospheric column amounts of NO 2 from OMI/Aura products were applied to investigate the seasonal variation of NO x on the east side of the Taihang Mountains (ESTM) in China. The NO 2 concentration varied seasonally, with winter maxima and summer minima. To explore the causes of the heavy NO 2 pollution in this region, wind field simulations were conducted by using the Fifth-Generation NCAR/Penn State Mesoscale Model (MM5). MM5 simulations showed that wind directions in the ESTM region were dominated by northeasterly and northwesterly winds throughout the year and to a lesser degree by southwesterlies. Elevated NO 2 concentrations (higher than 50×10 15 molec/cm 2 ) occurred in three meteorological situations: convergent wind fields (5 days), northeasterly winds (2 days), and calm days (1 day) in January. Although the local anthropogenic NO x emission strength was not so high as that in other developed areas, the calms and frequent occurrence of convergent wind fields, as well as unfavorable terrains for diffusion, resulted in the accumulation of atmospheric pollutants and hence heavy NO x pollution. Furthermore, long-distance NO x transportation from the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region to the ESTM area could be seen when the wind was from a northeasterly direction, especially under high wind speeds.  相似文献   

8.
Seasonal variation in surface ozone and the relationship between the background ozone concentration and wind were evaluated at Zhongshan Station,Antarctica using 2008 data.The wind frequency from the station area was only 2%,while the prevailing wind frequency was much larger (79.2%).This indicates that the surface ozone observations were not affected by the human activities at the station,and therefore could be counted as background concentrations of surface ozone along Antarctic coast.The concentration of surface ozone shows a distinct annual variation with the yearly mean of 25.0 nmol mol-1 and the maximum in winter,the minimum in summer.The surface ozone concentration had a strong negative correlation with ultraviolet radiation,and the mean values during polar night were one to two times higher than those in summer.These results imply that photochemical destruction of ozone dominates over Antarctica.The ozone depletion events at Zhongshan Station were obviously related to lower temperatures and higher BrO concentrations.Backward trajectory analysis reveals that the ozone depletion events are predominately caused by the high BrO concentrations.  相似文献   

9.
Pot experiment was conducted to understand the effect of phosphorus on arsenic accumulation in As-hyperaccumulator Chinese brake (Pteris vittata L.). It is shown that arsenic concentrations in the fronds and rhizoids, the arsenic bioaccumulation factor, and the total arsenic in the fronds were not influenced significantly under low levels of phosphorus (≤400 mg/kg) and increased sharply under high levels of phosphorus (>400 mg/ kg). The discovery implies that the efficiency of arsenic removal in phytoremediation using the hyperaccumulating plant can be greatly elevated by the phosphorus addition at high rates. The interaction between the accumulation of phosphorus and that of arsenic in plant was stimulated mutually. The result represents that Chinese brake is a good material for plant physiologist to conduct comparative and mechanism studies on the uptake behaviors of phosphorus and arsenic, and phosphorus is also a potential accelerator for phytoremediation of arsenic-contaminated soils.  相似文献   

10.
This paper reports upon the finding of Viola baoshanensis, a cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator through field survey and greenhouse experiments. Average Cd concentration in the shoots and roots of V. baoshanensis growing on Baoshan lead/zinc mine in Hunan Province, China, was 1168 and 981 mg/kg, respectively, varying from 456 to 2310mg/kg in the shoots, and from 233 to 1846 mg/kg in the roots.The ratio of Cd concentration in shoot to root (DW) and that in plant shoots to total concentration in surface soil was 1.32 and 2.38, respectively. Under nutrient solution culture, biomass (DW) of V. baoshanensis exposed to 0-30 mg/L Cd insolution increased with Cd supply increasing and reached a maximum at 30 mg/L Cd. Further increase of Cd concentration (40, 50 mg/L) in solution significantly reduced biomass.Cd concentration in the shoots was positively correlated with Cd concentration in the culture medium. Cd concentration in the shoots reached 4825 mg/kg at 50 mg/L Cd solution. Theratio of Cd concentration of shoots to roots in V. baoshanensis was greater than 1 at all Cd treatments, with an average of 1.67 (1.14-2.22). The results indicate that V. baoshanensis is a Cd hyperaccumulator plant.  相似文献   

11.
五里湖综合整治对湖水水质的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
为探讨湖泊综合整治工程对城市湖泊水质的改善效果,利用国家野外科学观测研究站江苏太湖湖泊生态系统研究站1998-2009年的监测数据,结合湖体与环湖河道调查,分析了太湖五里湖综合整治工程对水质的改善效果,结果表明:综合整治之后,总氮、总磷及叶绿素a质量浓度平均值显著下降(P<0.01),分别由6.06 mg/L,0.18...  相似文献   

12.
 三仙湖湖区水质好坏及水量多寡关乎湖南南县及周边地区的战略饮用水安全。三仙湖流域水质与底质的调查结果表明:三仙湖湖体水中总磷平均质量浓度为0.18 mg/L,总氮平均质量浓度为1.26 mg/L,总体水质为V类,总磷超标严重,对比国内重要湖泊水质总氮均值依次表现为三仙湖 < 洞庭湖 < 鄱阳湖 < 太湖,总磷均值为鄱阳湖 < 洞庭湖 < 三仙湖 < 太湖。沉积物中总氮污染较重,总磷生态效应较总氮低,对比国内重要湖泊底质总氮均值表现为洞庭湖 < 三仙湖 < 鄱阳湖 < 太湖,总磷均值表现为三仙湖 < 鄱阳湖 < 洞庭湖 < 太湖。分析表明,目前存在农业面源污染严重、湖内底泥淤积、内源污染释放风险较大、散养牲畜进入湖区放养现象突出、受精养塘等渔业污染严重等问题。  相似文献   

13.
为探究太湖水体富营养化演变机理,识别影响太湖富营养化及蓝藻生长的水环境关键因子,对2006—2018年太湖多源监测序列数据开展数据准备和数据清洗,采用K-means均值聚类方法获取离散的布尔型关联规则挖掘候选数据集,构建基于Apriori算法的太湖水环境关键因子关联规则挖掘模型,对影响太湖水体富营养化的水环境关键因子进行识别。结果表明:表征太湖富营养化程度的Chl-a质量浓度与TP质量浓度、NH3-N质量浓度、pH和CODMn质量浓度均呈现不同强度的关联性,其中Chl-a质量浓度在0~18.36 mg/m3区间内与TP质量浓度在0~0.045 mg/L区间内关联性最强;从水环境治理角度看,若将太湖TP质量浓度控制在0.045 mg/L以下,则全湖Chl-a质量浓度小于18.36 mg/m3的概率最大,可以有效控制蓝藻数量总体处于较少状态,避免太湖蓝藻水华大规模暴发。  相似文献   

14.
研究了A2/O与悬浮填料生物膜(SCBP)中试复合工艺的除磷效率,并考察了影响因子COD/TP与DO对除磷的影响。结果表明:总磷平均去除率为82%,达到GB/T18921-2002景观用水水质要求。当硝酸盐含量急剧下降至0.20mg/L以下时,反硝化除磷菌不再以硝酸盐作为电子受体进行聚磷活动,厌氧磷释放的最佳碳磷比为60。添加纳米改性的悬浮填料后,好氧池的溶解氧为2.0mg/L时,出水TP为0.3~0.35mg/L。  相似文献   

15.
On the basis of investigations in situ, it was found that mass exchange on the water-sediment interface occurred chiefly on the superficial sediment within 5-10 cm. The spatial physicochemical character of sediment was distributed uniformly. The observation of lake currents and waves indicated that the dynamic sources, which act on the interface of water and sediment, came mainly from waves under strong wind forcing, while the critical shear stresses  相似文献   

16.
湖泊沉积物中有机质含量对释放磷的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
以不同污染程度的贡湖、五里湖沉积物为研究对象,通过释放试验研究了有机质的去除对沉积物磷释放动力学曲线的影响。结果表明,沉积物有机质的去除并没有影响溶解性活性磷(SRP)、溶解性总磷(DTP)和溶解性有机磷(DOP)释放动力学曲线的基本趋势;有机质的去除提高了各沉积物的SRP和DTP的释放量、释放速率,但却降低了DOP的释放量和释放速率,且有机质的去除对污染严重的五里湖沉积物释放磷的影响大于污染较轻的贡湖沉积物的影响。因此不能忽视有机质对磷释放的影响,尤其是重污染的沉积物磷释放。  相似文献   

17.
为研究太湖风场特征、湖流特征以及不同类型风场对太湖湖流的影响,在太湖不同区域布设6台多普勒剖面流速仪和4座气象站,获取同步流场和风场数据,分析夏季风与湖流流场的关系。结果表明:(a)风场方面,空间分布具有不均匀性,各观测点间风速差异较大,各观测点间风向随风速减小而差异扩大化。(b)太湖流场具有明显的风生流特征:空间上,大风(时段平均风速在6.7 m/s以上)情况下,西部湖区出现逆时针环流,湖流分层不明显;小风(时段平均风速在3.8 m/s以下)情况下,没有明显的环流出现,上、下层湖流分层明显,各层流向相对稳定但不相同,补偿流发育。(c)流速方面,10 cm/s以下流速比率90%以上,局部区域水流速度在强风条件下可达20 cm/s。  相似文献   

18.
利用水生植物修复富营养化水体已成为水体生态修复的一种重要方法。在北太湖水域红菱种植区内外对水体各项指标进行分析研究。研究结果表明,在净水工程实施良好的情况下,由于红菱根茎对底泥营养盐的吸收,以及微生物的硝化、反硝化作用,种植区内TN浓度平均值为1.64 mg/L,低于种植区外3.08 mg/L;种植区内TP浓度平均值为0.049 mg/L,低于种植区外0.127 mg/L;种植区内NH+4-N、NO-3-N、COD浓度也均低于种植区外。在净水工程中断情况下,红菱种植区内叶绿素a浓度和透明度则高于种植区外,充分表明红菱对水体有较明显的净化功能。  相似文献   

19.
引江济太调水工程对太湖水动力的调控效果   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
为研究引江济太调水工程对太湖水动力调控所产生的效果,采用数学模型对其水动力进行模拟.利用环境流体动力学模型(EFDC模型),以湖体水龄(描述湖泊水体交换速率的参数)为研究对象,系统地研究引江济太调水工程对太湖水动力的调控情况.结果表明:(a)引江济太调水工程对太湖湖体水动力过程的作用效果很大程度上取决于风速、风向以及出入湖的流量;(b)太湖湖体水龄的分布具有很强的时空异质性,夏天的平均水龄约为130d,其他季节的平均水龄约为230d;(c)太湖地区夏天的主导风向——东南风能够促进东部湖区(无锡、苏州水源地所在地)和梅梁湾湖区(太湖重污染区)的水交换,改善水体运动条件;(d)望虞河入湖的最经济调水流量为100m3/s.  相似文献   

20.
太湖地区农田土壤大孔隙及胶体释放对有效磷下渗的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了进一步验证农田土壤中大孔隙流及农业活动引起的胶体释放对磷素下渗污染地下水的影响,采用太湖地区农田土壤进行平行土柱试验。结果显示:模拟土壤胶体(质量浓度约为50 mg/L)释放情况时,土壤水流中胶体物质和有效磷的垂直迁移速度明显加快,土柱底部(100 cm深度)出流中有效磷的渗漏速率达到0.15 kg/(m2·d),比自然状态增大约15.4%;当土壤中存在约5%(体积分数)的大孔隙情况下,土柱底部的有效磷渗漏速率达到29.9 kg/(m2·d),大孔隙引起的优势流对胶体和有效磷的下渗起主导作用,而土壤胶体物质释放引起的辅助作用约占3.2%。土壤胶体释放对土壤p H和电导率等产生影响,进而影响溶质的运移转化过程。太湖地区农田土壤中广泛存在大孔隙引起的优势流及农业耕作活动引起的土壤胶体释放,为有效磷垂直下渗提供了加速途径,对地下水磷污染造成了较大的影响。  相似文献   

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