利用隐空间投影算法的模型自适应方法

为了降低语音识别系统中噪声的影响,提出一种利用隐空间投影算法的模型自适应方法。该方法利用状态间的相关性提取出反映码本和待识别语音共同特性的基矢量。由于语音与噪声是相互独立的,因此,当语音识别系统中有噪声存在时,认为不能用基矢量表示的那部分余量就是噪声。与本征音方法相比,该方法可以有效地降低噪声对语音识别系统的影响。该方法在提取基矢量时利用了自适应数据,并且节省了存储空间。实验结果表明:该方法在噪声环境下相对于最大似然线性回归自适应方法有4~9百分点的提高,相对于最大后验概率和本征音方法有更大的提高。     

基于相关子空间本征音分析的MAP快速自适应

本征音自适应是一种快速自适应算法 ,它根据对说话人矢量全空间的本征分析指导参数更新。该文提出一种基于子空间分析的本征音自适应算法 ,并且不同于一般本征音自适应采用最大似然准则的做法 ,该算法用最大后验准则以更好地估计参数。实验证明 ,在仅有 1句自适应数据的情况下它即能取得 6 .4 5 %的相对误识率下降 ,自适应速度远快于传统的最大后验方法 ,也不存在最大似然线性回归方法在极少数据量情况下反而造成系统识别性能下降的现象。结果表明该方法并不明显依赖相关子空间的划分数量 ,是一种稳健的自适应方法     

汉语数码语音识别中一种新的抗噪声特征参数

为了提高中小词汇量语音识别系统在噪声环境下的识别性能,以10个汉语数码语音为对象,利用汉语数码语音信号区别于噪声信号的准周期特性,提出了一种汉语数码语音频谱包络峰值特性的提取方法,首先用基频对语音频谱采样得到由谐波值构成的包络以提高信噪比,然后再对所得包络进行峰值提取得到汉语数码语音的峰值特征。实验结果表明,在信噪比大于5dB时,用该方法得到的峰值特征具有一定的抗噪性。     

基于矢量泰勒级数的鲁棒语音识别

矢量泰勒级数是一种有效的抗噪声鲁棒语音识别算法.然而在对数谱域,美尔滤波器组的不同通道之间有较强的相关性,因而难以从含噪语音中准确估计噪声的方差.提出了一种基于矢量泰勒级数的倒谱域特征补偿算法.该算法在倒谱域,用一个高斯混合模型描述语音倒谱特征的分布,通过矢量泰勒级数从含噪语音中估计噪声的均值和方差.实验结果表明,此算法能明显提高语音识别系统的性能,优于基于矢量泰勒级数的对数谱域特征补偿算法.     

连续语音识别中的说话人快速自适应技术

语音识别技术中说话人快速自适应技术受到普遍关注。该文综述了说话人快速自适应技术在国际上的研究现状 ,并且介绍了本研究组提出的快速自适应方法 ,即最大似然模型插值快速自适应框架及插值算法。与现有的相关自适应方法相比 ,该算法在更复杂的识别系统上同时实现了均值和协方差的自适应 ,并取得较好的自适应效果。当仅有一句自适应数据时 ,识别系统的误识率从 2 8.75 %下降到2 4 .93%。     

多带同步模型用于噪声环境下语音识别

根据人耳听觉特性，提出新的同步多带最大似然线性回归算法用于噪声环境下语音识别。该算法采用最大似然作为参数估计准则，利用各频带信号同步感知和噪声污染假定的方法进行语音模型补偿，有效地提高了识别系统在噪声环境下的识别性能。     

语音增强用于抗噪声语音识别

语音识别系统通常是将在安静的环境下训练得到的参数应用于实际环境中。如果实际环境也是安静的 ,则语音识别系统可以令人满意地工作。然而 ,当实际环境中有噪声存在时 ,语音识别系统性能急剧下降。为了让语音识别系统在安静的环境和有噪声的环境中都获得令人满意的工作性能 ,研究了一个将语音增强器和语音识别器级连起来的系统。该系统中 ,语音增强作为前端处理用于提高识别器输入端信号的信噪比。通过 3种不同的增强算法用于纯净语音和3种类型带噪语音的实验结果分析比较表明 ,这一方法对纯净语音的识别精度几乎没有任何改变而大大提高了系统的抗噪声性能     

基于小波变换的说话人识别技术

说话人识别技术是通过判断待识别人语音与预先提取的说话人语音特征是否匹配来鉴别说话人身份的一种生物认证技术,环境噪声是说话人识别技术走向实用化的一个主要障碍.针对噪声环境中说话人识别性能较差的不足,结合小波变换的优点,提出了将小波变换技术与传统的特征参数提取方式相结合的方法.该方法首先对语音信号进行小波分解,在此基础上再对小波系数进行阈值处理,仅保留阈值以上的数据,而后提取相关性不大的传统特征参数进行组合,分别作为说话人识别系统的输入矢量.仿真结果表明:在噪声环境中,说话人识别系统能较好识别出说话人,经过小波变换后再提取特征参数的方法可以得到更高的识别率,大大提高说话人识别系统的识别性能.     

一种应用神经网络的实时语音增强方法

提出了一种用神经网络模型和信号子空间特征分解相结合进行语音增强的方法,该方法利用了神经网络并行处理、高速计算的能力和语音信号的短时平稳的特性．它既克服了传统的谱相减法中残留“音乐噪声”的缺陷,又可以实时、有效地增强语音,能够满足一些语音处理与识别系统的需要．     

融合语音增强与后续补偿的抗噪声语音识别方法

为了提高基于隐含Markov模型的语音识别系统在噪声环境中的稳健性,研究了一种融合语音增强与后续补偿的抗噪声语音识别方法.在前端,语音增强有效地抑制背景噪声,从而提高了输入信号的信噪比.语音增强后的剩余噪声以及语音失真是对语音识别不利的因素,其影响将通过识别阶段的并行模型合并或特征提取阶段的倒谱均值归一化得到补偿.实验结果表明,此方法能够显著地提高语音识别系统在噪声环境中,特别是低信噪比条件下的识别精度,如对-5 dB的自噪声,该方法可将识别精度从11.7%提高至71.0%.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.