基于PS-InSAR技术的淄博市地面沉降监测

利用2007年10月3日至2011年2月26日的25景ALOS PALSAR SLC数据,应用PS-InSAR技术对淄博市进行地面沉降监测。研究表明在淄博市内存在4个大范围沉降区,最大沉降点位于张店区,沉降速率为66 mm/a,沉降量为206 mm,地面沉降主要由矿产开采造成。最后采用SDCORS数据进行验证,说明应用PS-InSAR技术可对淄博市地面沉降实现毫米级精度监测。     

基于SBAS和IPTA技术的京津冀地区地面沉降监测

京津冀位于华北平原北部地区,地下水的长期超量开采,造成了严重的区域地面沉降,对京津冀区域进行大范围地表形变监测已经成为一个值得关注的问题.基于相邻条带的RADARSAT-2数据,结合小基线集干涉测量技术和干涉点目标分析技术,获取京津冀地区2012-2016年地面沉降场时序信息.基于监测结果对研究区地面沉降发育情况进行初步探讨,并对沉降漏斗的时空演化特征进行分析.研究发现,京津冀地区发生地面沉降的区域较多,地面沉降不均匀性特征明显,地面沉降发育最严重的地区位于北京金盏一带,最大沉降速率达到130 mm·a~(-1);在多个沉降漏斗中,北京金盏沉降漏斗、天津王庆坨沉降漏斗发育最为严重,累计沉降量分别达到661 mm,658 mm.衡水市阜城县、景县沉降漏斗扩张趋势最为剧烈,累计沉降量大于200 mm的面积达到1494 km~2.     

基于PSInSAR和GIS空间分析的南通市区地面沉降监测

为提高永久散射体雷达差分干涉测量(PS-InSAR)技术中大气延迟相位提取精度,在采用滤波方法从残余相位中提取大气延迟相位时,提出了基于结构函数的最佳滤波方法及滤波窗口大小的自动确定方法;并对PS(permanentscatterer)点的线性形变速率进行空间分析,了解其数据分布,探测离群值,然后进行Kriging插值,以获得高分辨率的沉降速率图.为验证方法的有效性,以江苏南通市区为试验区域,采用2006—2007年间15幅Envisat卫星SAR(synthetic aperture radar)图像进行地面沉降监测.结果表明,该方法有利于确保大气延迟相位的提取精度,获得了南通市区高分辨率的沉降速率图,发现南通市区存在多个沉降漏斗,但在2006—2007年间没有出现沉降速率特别大的沉降漏斗,大部分区域的沉降速率不超过11 mm.年-1.     

基于小基线DInSAR技术的典型地区沉降监测

为了有效地监测城市地面沉降情况,以2003—2010年该区52景ASAR数据为研究对象,利用小基线DInSAR技术方法,通过连接、干涉、解缠、轨道精炼和去平、反演、二次反演、地理编码等步骤,对反演出的实验区2003—2010年的形变速率进行时序序列分析。结果表明:实验区地面抬升沉降主要分布在A区、B区、C区、D区(最大沉降速率达到每年11.1 mm),抬升区域主要分布在A区和D区(最大抬升速率达到每年9.2 mm),其余大部分地区的沉降和抬升速率不太明显。通过与以往的沉降研究成果进行对比,验证了该技术在地面表沉降监测中的可靠性和准确性,为后期研究及预测实验区地面沉降及抬升提供理论依据。     

基于D-InSAR技术的韩城矿区沉降监测与分析

在阐述二轨法D-InSAR技术原理的基础上,以韩城矿区为研究区域,利用2007年1月-2011年2月之间的17景L波段ALOS PALSAR影像和SRTM3 DEM数据,结合GAMMA软件和韩城矿区建立了监测策略,获取了矿区的年平均沉降速率图,其最大年平均沉降速率为410.91mm/a。对P2沉降区进行精细分析,获取了沿工作面走向AB的剖面图,得出沉降边缘向沉降中心递增的沉降趋势。结果表明:L波段ALOS PALSAR影像和二轨法DInSAR适合韩城矿区地面沉降的监测分析。     

基于PS-DInSAR的太原市城市地表形变监测

为了快速准确对太原市地面沉降进行监测和有效管理,基于2016年2月17日至2018年2月18日的20景Sentinel-1A影像,采用PS-DInSAR技术对太原市地面沉降进行了监测。结果表明:太原市的主要沉降区域为小店区、吴家堡、北固碾村、杨家峪和西张,且以小店区的地面沉降最为严重;太原市地面沉降速率呈先增大后减弱趋势;田庄断层对小店区地面沉降规律具有显著影响。与前人研究和太原市水井点的对比表明,基于PS-DInSAR技术对太原市地面沉降进行监测的结果可以满足实际的监测和管理需求。     

乌海矿区地表沉陷SBAS-InSAR监测分析

煤炭资源开发战略迅速西移,造成西北矿区严重的地表沉陷,该研究以位于内蒙古自治区乌海市乌海矿区为研究对象,采用SBAS-InSARS技术对25景ALOS PALSAR数据进行处理,监测了该地区2007年1月到2011年2月的地面沉降情况,获取了平均沉降速率和时间序列累积沉降量,沉降结果表明,乌海矿区沉陷多个沉降中心,主要分布于研究区内的北部、西南部、东南部,沉降速率在空间上呈不均一分布,最大年沉降速率在52～57mm/a;研究区域最大沉降量高达56cm,且沉降中心在不同时间段的形变量不同。     

北京东部区域地面沉降现状及其发展趋势预测

东部沉降区是北京地面沉降比较严重的沉降区之一.该区域是北京市未来发展的重点地区之一,包括了CBD及其东扩区,通州新城.通过对该区域内大量地面沉降历史观测数据、地下水位历史观测数据以及近几年的监测成果进行整理,分析总结了该区域内地面沉降发生、发展的特点及规律,并建立了适用于不同地层在多层地下水动态变化条件下的地面沉降计算方法,编制了计算程序.分析与计算结果表明:1)研究区的地面沉降总体上呈现自西向东,自北向南发展的趋势,由一个沉降中心逐渐出现多个沉降中心.2)近几年研究区的地面沉降呈现出沉降面积迅速扩大、沉降速率加快的发展趋势.3)未来5年内研究区西部地区地面沉降比较稳定,地面沉降继续向东部与南部移动.     

InSAR技术在高寒矿区地灾治理监测中的应用——以大通煤矿为例

采用InSAR技术对大通煤矿沉陷区进行监测，得到了该矿区2014年10月至2021年11月的地面沉降变形情况和年均沉降速率等信息.结果表明，矿区主要沉降变形区集中在东北部和东南部2个片区，其沉降速率最大超过220 mm/yr; 2017年后矿区沉降变形范围和变形量值都呈显著下降趋势且沉降变形逐渐平稳，前期治理工程对控制矿区沉降变形起到了重要作用，可为高寒矿区防灾减灾及治理工程评价提供重要参考.     

北京地面沉降控制区划及防控措施

地面沉降区划是地面沉降防控的基础性工作和措施制定的重要依据.目前北京区域平均地面沉降速率呈减缓趋势,但沉降中心年沉降速率依然较大.为实现地面沉降的全面有效控制,在综合比较地面沉降易发性分区、危险性分区和风险分区等区划评价指标和体系后,基于评价指标精简而典型、评价数据易获取、评价体系实用易操作的评价原则,建立了北京地面沉降控制分区的评价体系和分级标准.利用地面沉降发育程度分区和危害程度分区的GIS(Geographic Information System)叠加,将北京地面沉降区分为三级控制区,进行分区域差别化防控.一级控制区为地面沉降重点控制区,从城市规划、地下水管理、工程施工降水、地面沉降监测等方面提出了每一级控制区内的地面沉降防控措施,以期为政府的地面沉降防控决策提供技术支持.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.