开口模型下内腐蚀缺陷管柱剩余抗内压强度

目前较少按开口模型研究缺陷管柱剩余抗内压强度,各因素对抗压强度的影响程度缺乏定量分析,较少考虑缺陷宽度、管柱径厚比等因素对强度的影响.根据非线性有限元方法,结合正交试验设计,按开口模型分析了内压载荷下缺陷管柱应力分布情况,研究了内腐蚀缺陷长度、宽度、深度、管柱外径、径厚比等参数对管柱剩余抗内压强度的影响规律.结果 表明:开口模型下含缺陷管柱抗内压强度低于端部约束模型与闭口模型.缺陷管柱无因次抗内压强度随缺陷深度增加呈线性关系降低,随缺陷长度的增加呈指数关系逐渐降低,抗内压强度随缺陷宽度增加先增大后降低;轴向沟槽形缺陷显著降低管柱的抗内压强度.缺陷深度与长度对无因次抗内压强度影响较大;管柱径厚与缺陷对无因次强度影响较小.以有限元计算结果为依据,建立了抗内压强度多因素预测模型,可为工程上含缺陷管柱抗内压强度评价提供参考.     

套管抗挤强度统计分析研究

针对美国石油协会的套管抗挤强度计算公式与实测套管挤毁压力差距较大的问题,利用统计学方法,详细分析了套管实物挤毁试验检测数据,得到了各因素影响套管抗挤强度的定量指标.研究表明,套管抗挤强度主要由径厚比决定;套管计算屈服外压和失稳外压等其他参数及其交互作用对套管的抗挤强度也有显著影响;套管外径和壁厚数据的变异系数比外径不圆度和壁厚不均度对套管抗挤强度的影响更显著.最后给出了套管抗挤强度统计计算公式,为生产厂和用户提供了预测套管抗挤强度的简单实用的计算方法.     

宝钢抗挤毁套管产品的技术特征

基于套管挤毁的传统理论,从合金设计、织构设计、强韧化机制和管柱设计等方面介绍了宝钢超高抗挤、抗挤抗硫和抗挤耐热等抗挤系列套管的技术特点.以晶粒细化、析出相强化和织构优化等角度研究了套管的抗挤毁机制,提出了抗挤抗硫套管在硫化氢腐蚀介质中的三个阶段的腐蚀行为以及抗挤耐热套管的抗挤强度的预测模型.     

油气井套管侧向屈曲分析与井下加强工具探讨

针对油气井套管挤毁的研究多局限于强度分析,忽视了套管侧向稳定性问题。除小直径或特厚壁的套管外,常用套管的失效形式应属于失稳损坏。基于外压作用下套管侧向屈曲机制,分别采用API标准和圆筒屈曲分析的方法,计算套管侧向屈曲的临界压力。另外,对减小套管计算长度的井下加强工具进行探讨和设计。结果表明:套管纵向长度对侧向屈曲的临界压力具有重要影响;若把套管的计算长度减小到某一范围,可有效地提高套管的抗失稳能力。结果为提高套管抗失稳能力提供了一种新途径,可作为完井后高挤毁风险套管的加强补救措施。     

深井套管抗挤强度分析及计算

根据弯曲梁理论,建立了套管柱受非均布外挤压力作用的力学模型;并应用解超静定问题的正则方程和力法准则对该力学模型进行求解,得到了在非均布外挤压力作用下套管圆周上的弯矩、剪力、轴力、应力和位移的分布规律。计算表明,在非均布外挤压力作用下,套管抗挤毁强度大大降低。该力学模型不仅可以解释深井套管挤毁机理,而且可以改进深井套管抗挤强度设计。     

套管抗挤强度分析及计算

为提高套管挤毁压力预测精度,应用统计方法对213根套管全尺寸挤毁试验数据进行了方差分析,研究了外径不圆度、壁厚不均度、残余应力等因素对套管抗挤强度的影响。分析结果表明,径厚比、屈服强度是套管抗挤强度的主要因素,不圆度、壁厚不均度、残余应力等因素对套管抗挤强度的影响呈随机性分布。利用有限元方法对外径不圆度、壁厚不均度和残余应力的不同位置组合进行了模拟分析。结果表明,数值相同的外径不圆度、壁厚不均度及平均残余应力组合不同时,套管的挤毁压力相差很大。最后提出了一个套管抗挤强度计算公式,计算简单,精度可满足工程要求。     

对称载荷作用下的套管抗挤能力分析

根据油田套管损坏情况,建立了轴对称载荷作用下的套管内力计算模型,利用能量法和曲杆理论,分析研究了3种对称载荷作用下的中厚壁套管抗挤能力,给出了理想套管抗挤强度和套管屈曲临界挤毁压力的计算公式。理论分析结果与有限元计算结果的对比证明了临界挤毁压力的计算公式可靠,载荷的集中程度与抗挤毁能力成正比。     

内壁椭圆度对高钢级套管挤毁变形的影响试验

用ISO/TR10400:2007(E)标准计算套管抗挤强度的KT公式中未考虑套管内壁初始椭圆度及其跳跃性的影响,且提供的套管抗挤毁强度数据主要为M65、T95、H40和非调质N80钢材的,更高钢级和含铬材料的试验数据几乎为零,使得高钢级套管抗挤强度与试验值出现了偏差。通过室内全尺寸试验研究高钢级套管壁厚不均度和内、外椭圆度等参数对套管抗挤强度的影响,并利用试验数据对KT公式进行修正,对比修正前后计算结果与试验值间的误差。研究结果表明:修正后的KT公式具有较高的计算精度,可以满足工程需要;内、外椭圆度对高钢级套管抗挤强度影响具有耦合作用,在制造过程中要严格控制椭圆度及其跳跃性,建议制订相应的套管内壁椭圆度控制规范。     

复杂井况下油井套管柱的系统可靠性计算

考虑到套管几何尺寸和力学性能参数的随机性,采用Monte-Carlo方法模拟得到套管强度的随机分布规律.建立套管柱8种不同失效形式的极限状态方程,给出套管强度和载荷均为正态分布时的可靠度计算公式.依据套管柱沿井深方向上的结构、强度及载倚差异将其离散为多个基本单元,利用可靠度计算公式对套管柱基本单元与整体的可靠度进行定量计算,分析不同井深下套管柱的可靠性影响冈素和主要失效形式的发生概率.结果表明,影响套管可靠度的主要因素是套管抗挤强度和外挤载荷,套管失效形式以挤毁为主.     

高抗挤套管磨损后的外压失效行为分析

采用Abaqus软件,通过有限元模拟分析方法,按照月牙形磨损模型,对我国深井、超深井中广泛使用的140 ksi(965 kPa)钢级Φ244.5 mm×11.99 mm、110 ksi(758 kPa)钢级Φ339.7 mm×12.19 mm和Φ244.5 mm×11.99 mm等3种高抗挤套管在0到70%之间不同磨损率下的挤毁失效行为和挤毁强度变化规律进行了分析,得到了不同磨损率下套管的挤毁失效类型和挤毁强度数据。研究发现磨损在改变套管几何形状的同时,也使套管的挤毁失效行为发生了变化,从而使其剩余挤毁强度值的计算变得复杂。原本为塑性挤毁的Φ244.5 mm×11.99 mm110 ksi(758 kPa)套管在磨损后转变为以弹性失稳为主;原本为过渡挤毁的Φ244.5 mm×11.99 mm140 ksi(965 kPa)套管,当磨损率小于50%时,其挤毁失效类型为过渡挤毁,当磨损率大于50%时,其挤毁失效类型转变为弹性失稳;原本为弹性挤毁的Φ339.7 mm×12.19 mm110 ksi(758 kPa)套管在磨损后依然为弹性挤毁,但磨损加剧了其结构的不稳定。3种套管磨损后的剩余挤毁强度都低于原本失效模式下的挤毁强度值。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to