超音段信息对文本无关话者识别的影响

超音段信息主要由声调、语调和轻重缓急等信息组成,反映到特征参数就是基频及其时序信息、能量时序信息和音节长度等,这些信息是话者识别系统中的重要特征参数.在分析已有的提取这些特征参数的方法的基础上,提出了先进行语音切分,再提取声调、能量和音节长度等特征,并生成基于Bigram模型的超音段信息参数模型的方法.将此特征参数形成的模型作为使用MFCC为参数的话者识别主系统的辅助决策模型,实验结果表明：融合超音段信息模型的文本无关话者识别系统的EER相对下降10.5%.     

藏语孤立词语音识别技术研究

针对藏语读音首先看后加字,然后根据元音的位置关系决定读音,而且元音比辅音携带更多听觉感知信息的特点,提出了一种改进的HTK系统藏语孤立词语音识别技术.在识别特征参数中,增加更能表征元音特征的共振峰参数提高语音识别的正确性,通过循环迭代方法提高语音训练速度,利用藏文字母拉丁转写方法解决藏文和语音识别系统编码不一致的问题.在二次开发的HTK平台进行实验,正确率达到92.83%,实验结果表明元音特征在藏语音识别中起到重要作用.     

藏语孤立词语音识别系统研究

藏语语音研究相当滞后,文章结合语音识别知识和藏语特点,尝试性地研究了藏语孤立词语音识别研究.首先提取MFCC参数作为语音特征参数,形成语音模板库,采用DTW模型实现了语音识别系统,并且针对藏语孤立词多音节的特点,改进了传统的基于短时能量和短时过零率双门限检测法,即加入了音节间静音段时长门限,提高了孤立词语音信号检测的准确性和识别率.     

基于HMM的孤立字识别

本文以HMM(隐马尔可夫模型)为基础研究孤立字的汉语语音识别。孤立字的汉语语音样本首先经过人工切分去除寂静段,然后进行分帧处理;对每一帧语音进行频域预加重和时域汉明窗加权处理后,提取该帧的39维的MFCC混合参数(Mel频率倒谱参数);把该字所有帧的MFCC混合参数作为该字HMM模型的观察序列对其进行训练。通过在小人群范围内对0-9这十个孤立数码语音的大量实验,得到了很好的识别效果。     

基于MFCC等组合特征的说话人识别模型

为了有效提取语音特征,提高说话人识别的准确率,系统采用基于有限状态机的端点检测算法对原始语音做VAD处理,提出了新的特征组合参数：基于人的听觉特性的MFCC参数、基于发音生理特征的基音轮廓特征以及衍生的基音周期一阶差分、基音周期变化率,并将它们作为说话人识别系统的特征参数,建立了基于VQ的识别模型.实验表明：本文系统使用VAD,使系统的识别率提高了5%8%,较单独使用MFCC参数的说话人识别系统的识别率提高了2%3%.     

基于估计共振峰走向的汉语韵母识别方案

本文提出了一个基于估计共振峰走向的汉语韵母识别方案。实验中利用倒频谱的性质对语音的短时谱进行同态平滑处理,分析了复合韵母共振峰走向现象与语音学理论的一致性。根据频谱分析的结果建立了一个以共振峰走向为识别模型的韵母识别系统。对10位发音人的860个韵母(单韵母、双元音和三元音韵母)发音进行识别测验,平均识别率达到88.1%。本文为复韵母的不认人识别提供了一种合理的方法。     

汉语语音声学特征复合的研究

抽取短时声学特征参数如MFCC、PLP,使用高斯混合模型(GMM)估计特征参数对应音素的概率分布的隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)在大词汇连续语音识别系统(LVCSR)已取得了良好识别效果.但短时特征却不能有效反应连续帧之间的相关特性,因此运用神经网络多层感知器(MLP)产生两类差异特征用于描述该帧的音素后验概率,并将其与传统特征复合为新的特征参数流,利用新特征流对GMHMM模型进行重构.对比实验结果表明,采用该混合声学特征的LVCSR系统其错字率(CER)有了3%～7%的改善.     

基于隐马尔可夫模型的DNA序列识别

利用隐马尔可夫模型训练中不同结构的DNA序列的L值分布范围不同的特点,对传统多类投票模型进行改进,提出一种优于传统算法的快速训练算法,该算法只需训练出一类隐马尔可夫模型参数.对DNA内含子和外显子序列进行识别,平均识别率达到了90.8%.与支持向量机相比,隐马尔可夫模型在解决多分类问题方面具有优势,不但计算时间少,而且识别率高.     

基于正弦模型的语音识别时频特征

为改善语音识别系统的性能，采用时频分布参数来描述语音特征。由于时频分布参数考虑到语音信号内在的非平稳特性，因此能够更准确地描述语音信号的时频特性。对基于正弦模型的多种时频参数(能量谱和幅度加权瞬时频谱)进行了比较，并在基于隐马尔可夫模型的连接词语音识别系统中进行了实验仿真。结果表明，单独采用时频分布参数作为ASR的前端特征并不能改善识别率；而采用标准ASR特征和能量谱时频特征的联合前端特征，可以有效地改善语音识别系统的识别效果。     

用矢量量化和隐马尔可夫模型实现英语话句的识别

描述用矢量量化和隐马尔可夫模型实现的英语话句识别系统.采用逐级优化分裂聚类分析获取矢量量化的码本,用平均振幅函数及过零率进行单词切分,用线性预测参数的似然比距离衡量两个矢量差异的大小,使用一阶从左至右的隐马尔可夫模型,用多个输出符号序列进行训练,用Viterbi算法进行识别.用文法分析技术辅助实行识别结果的判定.     

Features of Women''s language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

An Accurate and Universal HEOM Approach to Strongly Correlated Quantum Impurity Systems

A hierarchical equations of motion(HEOM)approach is developed for general open quantum systems coupled to fermionic environment.The HEOM method is in principle formally exact,as it resolves nonperturbatively the combined effects of many-body interaction,system-bath dissipation,and non-Markovian memory.In practice,the HEOM approach is highly accurate and efficient for the characterization of strongly correlated quantum impurity sys-     

Progress in Linear Scaling Non-Orthogonal Localized Molecular Orbitals Method

The non-orthogonal localized molecular orbital(NOLMO)is the most localized representation of electronic degrees of freedom.As such,NOLMOs are thus potentially the most efficient for linear scaling calculations of electronic structures for large systems.However,direct ab initio calculations with NOLMO have not been fully implemented and widely used,partly because of the slow convergence issue in the optimization of NOLMO.We devel-     

Editorial note for the special topic on ＂Nanopore Analysis＂

The concept of nanopore analysis, using the pore-forming protein a-hemolysin to detect individual nucleic acids at a single-molecule level, was first proposed in 1996. Over the past two decades, tremendous progress has been made in the nanopore field, and nanopore analysis has become a label-free and high-throughput method for probing bio- molecules and other analytes with single-molecule sensi- tivity, especially holds the promising for ＂third generation＂ DNA sequencing. However, challenges still remain in the experimental strategies and the design of whole nanopore-based instruments. Here, we proudly present a special topic dedicated to the topic of ＂Nanopore Analysis＂, with 8 reviews/articles providing up to date coverage of the experimental strategies, theoretical calcu- lations and simulations, and instrument design. Reviews and articles on the experimental strategies cover control of DNA partitioning into a nanopore, detection of target DNA, and the advantages of nanopore-based DNA sequencing. The theoretical calculations and simulations discuss the translocation behavior of DNA, and an inte- grated measurement system and data analysis software are presented for instrument design.     

Effects of climate change on biodiversity

1 Rise of studies on climate change＇s effects on biodiversity
Until the 1980s, climate change and biodiversity were studied as two independent disciplines for more than a century. In 1992, the Ecological Society of America＇s annual report named climate change, biodiversity, and the sustainable ecological system as the three major global environmental issues of the twenty-first century [1].     

Discussing the Expansive Learning in Modern Organizations

<正>1 Introduction Endeavours on learning methods have long occupied the mind spaces of scholars and there have been theories abound on how people learn and in what way organisations can use some of the knowledge gained in the art of learning to maximise human productivity.While the theories by themselves are not solutions to problems,they are steps of inquiry that provide us with interesting perspectives that we can use to extend our knowledge of the dimensions of learning.This paper is an exploratory work on the theories postulated by three notable scholars including Zimmerman     

利用GPS双频观测值实现PPP电离层延迟高阶项改正

给出了利用双频观测值计算L3组合电离层延迟高阶项改正的方法,并与全球电离层延迟文件的改正效果进行对比.利用赤道附近的15个国际全球卫星导航定位系统服务组织(IGS)站的数据进行比较,结果表明:2种方法计算的电离层二阶项延迟互差最大不超过1 cm,三阶项延迟互差最大不超过5 mm;电离层高阶项改正后的观测值精密单点定位(PPP)解算结果N、E、U方向互差平均值分别为0.4、0.5、1.0mm,因此2种改正方法效果在同一水平.     

关于有理混合吸引子的Ciric型非唯一不动点定理

本文我们应用有理混合吸引子条件去证明具非唯一不动点的映射Ciric型的若干不动点定理.结果推广并改进已知的一些结果.