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1.
枪械寿命实验温度研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
该文根据我国气候特点,结合我国枪械实际使用情况,从气温统计分析角度出发,对现行枪械国军标中所规定的寿命实验温度是否合理进行了定量研究,提出了比较科学合理的枪械寿命实验温度,验证了现行枪械国军标中所规定的寿命实验温度的合理性,为新一代枪械定型实验国军标中寿命实验温度的制定提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

2.
利用石墨烯优良的特性与其他材料复合,可赋予复合材料优异的性质并兼具两者的优势;对石墨烯/ZIF-67型(CoO/RGO)复合材料的研究中,在考虑原子非简谐振动情况下采用固体物理学理论和方法,确定了该材料的德拜温度、定容比热和特征寿命随温度变化而变化的规律,并探讨了原子非简谐振动对上述指标的影响。结果表明:1) 石墨烯/ZIF-67型复合材料的德拜温度和定容比热的数值均随温度升高而增大,其中德拜温度随温度升高无较大变化,温度每升高1 K,德拜温度仅升高约0.003%;而定容比热随温度升高呈非线性增大,其中温度较低时定容比热变化较大,温度较高时定容比热有接近常量的趋势。2) 石墨烯/ZIF-67型复合材料的特征寿命约为232 d,并随温度升高而减少,但减少幅度不大,实际使用环境温度对该材料的特征寿命的影响很小。3) 若不考虑原子间的非简谐效应,石墨烯/ZIF-67型复合材料的德拜温度和特征寿命为常量;在考虑到原子非简谐振动项后,则它们均随温度变化而变化,且温度越高,非简谐效应产生的影响越明显;然而非简谐效应对该材料定容比热的影响不明显。研究结果有助于推动有关石墨烯/ZIF-67型复合材料的研究和应用。  相似文献   

3.
用正电子湮没谱学研究了水热处理时间及温度对N4HNaY沸石的影响,了NH4NaY沸石分子筛在700℃经不同的水热处理时间和在不同温度下水热自理1h后的正电子寿命谱,所有谱中都出现了5个寿命分量,其第中5寿命及其强度与生成二次孔的大小和数量相关。  相似文献   

4.
电机轴承寿命主要受润滑脂寿命、工作转速与极限转速比的影响,而温度对润滑脂寿命的影响比较显著。为了延长电机轴承寿命及长周期安全稳定运行,应正确使用设备和采用合理的油脂及添加量。  相似文献   

5.
沥青混合料的疲劳裂缝是导致沥青路面面层破坏的主要原因之一,也是加速引起沥青路面水损害、老化等的重要原因。采用应力控制模式加载下的小梁弯曲试验,研究了不同温度或应力比下沥青混合料疲劳寿命的组成及变化特性。研究发现,沥青混合料的疲劳全寿命随温度的升高而缩短;相同温度时,沥青混合料的疲劳全寿命随着应力比的增大而缩短。当温度偏高时,沥青路面疲劳拓展寿命占据疲劳全寿命的比例较大;当温度偏低时则相反。疲劳全寿命的对数值与温度、应力比均成反比。裂纹拓展寿命占疲劳全寿命的百分比和温度呈指数关系。  相似文献   

6.
研究了淬火温度对Ti-22Al-27Nb粉末烧结合金的组织和热疲劳寿命的影响,结果表明,在试验条件下,热疲劳寿命与O相的形态有关;1100℃热处理状态下的合金,O相最为细小,热疲劳寿命最长。  相似文献   

7.
沥青混合料的疲劳裂缝是导致沥青路面面层破坏的主要原因之一,也是加速引起沥青路面水损害、老化等的重要原因。采用应力控制模式加载下的小梁弯曲试验,研究了不同温度或应力比下沥青混合料疲劳寿命的组成及变化特性。研究发现,沥青混合料的疲劳全寿命随温度的升高而缩短;相同温度时,沥青混合料的疲劳全寿命随着应力比的增大而缩短。当温度偏高时,沥青路面疲劳拓展寿命占据疲劳全寿命的比例较大;当温度偏低时则相反。疲劳全寿命的对数值与温度、应力比均成反比。裂纹拓展寿命占疲劳全寿命的百分比和温度呈指数关系。  相似文献   

8.
对小型低温制冷机的综合性能进行了比较,从制冷温度同制冷量和工作寿命、制冷温度同效率及制冷系数等的关系曲线分析各种小型低温制冷机的优缺点,对其选用标准提出了一些建议。  相似文献   

9.
保护层厚度、CO2浓度影响系数、环境湿度、混凝土立方体强度等因素都影响了结构的耐久性寿命。本文运用灰色关联理论分析了单因素对结构预测寿命的影响,并分析了各影响因素对结构碳化寿命的敏感性。结果表明:保护层厚度、混凝土立方体强度、环境湿度增大可以使结构的寿命增加;构件所处年平均温度、CO2浓度升高、工作应力增大时其寿命成近似线性下降趋势;在各因素中保护层厚度、混凝土立方体强度对结构寿命的影响最大,因此在一定程度上可以通过增加保护层厚度及混凝土的强度来提高结构寿命。  相似文献   

10.
多向应力作用下的金属材料热疲劳问题.在70年代初,日本学者平修工,井上达 雄等人曾进行过研究,提出了用当量应变范围评价多向应力作用下的热疲劳寿命方法. 作者在此基础上.对合金材料GH36在较大应变范围下的热疲劳问题进行了研究。 试验机为热裂型.瞬时应力和应变用有限元法求出,然后定出裂纹萌生点的当量应变 范围。结果表明;在相同的当量应变范围,裂纹长度小于0.2mm;热疲劳寿命比当 量温度下的高温低周疲劳寿命低;当裂纹长度等于0.2mm,热疲劳寿命与当量温度 下的高温低周疲劳寿命相同。  相似文献   

11.
Overexpression of sirtuins (NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylases) has been reported to increase lifespan in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. Studies of the effects of genes on ageing are vulnerable to confounding effects of genetic background. Here we re-examined the reported effects of sirtuin overexpression on ageing and found that standardization of genetic background and the use of appropriate controls abolished the apparent effects in both C. elegans and Drosophila. In C. elegans, outcrossing of a line with high-level sir-2.1 overexpression abrogated the longevity increase, but did not abrogate sir-2.1 overexpression. Instead, longevity co-segregated with a second-site mutation affecting sensory neurons. Outcrossing of a line with low-copy-number sir-2.1 overexpression also abrogated longevity. A Drosophila strain with ubiquitous overexpression of dSir2 using the UAS-GAL4 system was long-lived relative to wild-type controls, as previously reported, but was not long-lived relative to the appropriate transgenic controls, and nor was a new line with stronger overexpression of dSir2. These findings underscore the importance of controlling for genetic background and for the mutagenic effects of transgene insertions in studies of genetic effects on lifespan. The life-extending effect of dietary restriction on ageing in Drosophila has also been reported to be dSir2 dependent. We found that dietary restriction increased fly lifespan independently of dSir2. Our findings do not rule out a role for sirtuins in determination of metazoan lifespan, but they do cast doubt on the robustness of the previously reported effects of sirtuins on lifespan in C. elegans and Drosophila.  相似文献   

12.
以秀丽隐杆线虫(C.elegans)为模型,本文研究了全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)对机体寿长的影响及初步机理.结果显示0.2~200μmol/L的PFOS暴露50 h导致野生型秀丽线虫寿长呈剂量依赖性缩短.在4类转基因线虫上,观察到Insulin/IGF-l.1信号通路(IIS)相关的daf-16、daf-2和age-1基因突变或敲除能影响线虫的寿长.进一步观察PFOS暴露导致4类转基因线虫的寿长变化率,并与野生型线虫比较.在CF1139和CF1580突变种上daf-16或daf-2的突变均未改变PFOS的缩短寿长效应.而在CF1295和TJ1052转基因型上发现daf-16b的基因敲除或age-1基因突变阻断PFOS的减寿效应.结果表明PFOS慢性暴露能加速动物衰老,缩短寿长.PFOS作用与IIS信号通路关系密切,daf-16b和age-1基因在其中起重要作用.  相似文献   

13.
目的:研究甲醇对果蝇寿命的影响.方法:将雌雄果蝇随机分为四组,分别用含甲醇为0%、0.1%、0.4%和1.6%的培养基进行喂养,每日观察并记录各组果蝇死亡数.三天更换一次培养基.结果:随着甲醇浓度的提高,雌雄果蝇的最高寿命、平均寿命和半数致死时间都缩短.结论:甲醇的毒性作用使雌雄果蝇的寿命显著降低.  相似文献   

14.
以杨桐切枝为试材,通过测定叶片鲜重变化率、脱叶率及瓶插寿命,研究了蔗糖、柠檬酸、硫酸镁、抗坏血酸组成的保鲜剂与加入TDZ的保鲜液对杨桐切枝保鲜的影响.研究结果表明,w=4%的蔗糖+50 mg·L-1抗坏血酸(VC)+ 50 mg·L-1硫酸镁+ 150 mg·L-1柠檬酸+噻苯隆(TDZ)的保鲜效果最好,能显著延缓叶片...  相似文献   

15.
讨论了在黑洞熵具有量子修正的情况下黑洞温度的修正,以及由此而引起的黑洞寿命的变化.研究发现,黑洞蒸发到普朗克质量时,温度降出现无限大,再减小质量时将出现负温,此时黑洞熵也将出现极小值.  相似文献   

16.
Resveratrol improves health and survival of mice on a high-calorie diet   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) extends the lifespan of diverse species including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. In these organisms, lifespan extension is dependent on Sir2, a conserved deacetylase proposed to underlie the beneficial effects of caloric restriction. Here we show that resveratrol shifts the physiology of middle-aged mice on a high-calorie diet towards that of mice on a standard diet and significantly increases their survival. Resveratrol produces changes associated with longer lifespan, including increased insulin sensitivity, reduced insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) levels, increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha) activity, increased mitochondrial number, and improved motor function. Parametric analysis of gene set enrichment revealed that resveratrol opposed the effects of the high-calorie diet in 144 out of 153 significantly altered pathways. These data show that improving general health in mammals using small molecules is an attainable goal, and point to new approaches for treating obesity-related disorders and diseases of ageing.  相似文献   

17.
不同脂类对果蝇寿命的比较研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以果蝇为试验材料 ,研究比较了卵磷脂、脑磷脂、神经醇磷脂以及三者的混合物对果蝇寿命、脂褐素和过氧化脂质含量的影响 .结果表明 ,卵磷脂和三种脂类的混合物均能明显延长果蝇平均寿命、有效降低脂褐素和过氧化脂质含量 ,尤以三种脂类混合使用时效果最好 .  相似文献   

18.
 以秀丽隐杆线虫作模式生物, 研究水溶性人参皂苷成分对线虫的寿命、 产卵和运动等生命活动的影响. 结果表明: 质量浓度为200 μg/mL的人参皂苷可使线虫寿命延长, 减缓衰老; 质量浓度为500 μg/mL的人参皂苷则对线虫具有一定的毒性作用.  相似文献   

19.
Petrascheck M  Ye X  Buck LB 《Nature》2007,450(7169):553-556
The mechanisms that determine the lifespan of an organism are still largely a mystery. One goal of ageing research is to find drugs that would increase lifespan and vitality when given to an adult animal. To this end, we tested 88,000 chemicals for the ability to extend the lifespan of adult Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes. Here we report that a drug used as an antidepressant in humans increases C. elegans lifespan. In humans, this drug blocks neural signalling by the neurotransmitter serotonin. In C. elegans, the effect of the drug on lifespan is reduced or eradicated by mutations that affect serotonin synthesis, serotonin re-uptake at synapses, or either of two G-protein-coupled receptors: one that recognizes serotonin and the other that detects another neurotransmitter, octopamine. In vitro studies show that the drug acts as an antagonist at both receptors. Testing of the drug on dietary-restricted animals or animals with mutations that affect lifespan indicates that its effect on lifespan involves mechanisms associated with lifespan extension by dietary restriction. These studies indicate that lifespan can be extended by blocking certain types of neurotransmission implicated in food sensing in the adult animal, possibly leading to a state of perceived, although not real, starvation.  相似文献   

20.
应用单个体培养方法比较研究了饥饿时的年龄对萼花臂尾轮虫生活史对策的影响.结果表明饥饿时的年龄对轮虫的寿命、总生殖期历时和轮虫一生中的产卵量均有显著的影响,但是对轮虫一生所产后代和饥饿后所产后代中的混交雌体百分率无显著的影响.龄长为1天的轮虫进入饥饿状态后具有减少生殖量、延长存活时间的生活史对策.  相似文献   

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