氧纳米气泡改性活性炭在河道底泥氨氮治理中的应用

氧纳米气泡改性颗粒物被广泛应用于对污染水体的界面增氧.为研究其对底泥-水界面增氧效果和底泥氨氮污染的修复能力,以活性炭作为负载材料制备氧纳米气泡,采用柱芯培养实验研究氧纳米气泡改性活性炭对河道底泥氨氮去除效果.结果表明:氧纳米气泡改性活性炭的加入将沉积物-水界面(sediment-water interface,SWI)的溶解氧(dissolved oxygen,DO)浓度由0.48 mg/L增加至6.10 mg/L,氧化还原电位(oxidation-reducation potential,ORP)由-34 mV增加至19 mV.利用薄膜梯度扩散技术监测实验期间SWI处氨氮和硝态氮的垂直浓度,上覆水中氨氮的浓度由1.65 mg/L降至0.54 mg/L,去除率为67.3％.沉积物中氨氮浓度由2.75 mg/L降至0.73 mg/L,去除率为37.5％.氨氮的释放通量降低了82.0％.氧纳米气泡改性活性炭既通过界面增氧促进硝化反应,降低了水体中氨氮浓度,也作为覆盖层隔绝沉积物中氨氮与上覆水的接触,降低沉积物中氨氮的释放.研究结果可为覆盖技术和曝气技术联合应用于削减河道底泥氮负荷提供基础数据支持.     

SMFC在河口底泥产电及有机质去除中的应用

为研究现场尺度的沉积型微生物燃料电池(SMFC)在产电和底泥修复中的应用,在深圳新涌河河口现场构建了SMFC系统.以高分子材料与碳网热压成的导电蜂巢格室制作成阳极,石墨毡与钛线材料制作成阴极,进行了为期3个月的现场试验.结果表明SMFC能够持续对河口底泥进行去污,同时生物试剂能够在一定程度上促进SMFC系统对于底泥有机质的降解,总有机质的去除率达到54%,明显高于单独使用SMFC和生物试剂的情况.受河口涨落潮影响,SMFC间歇运行,最大功率密度可达到13 mW/m~2左右,可为5个LED灯管供电.因此,现场尺度的SMFC系统在河口底泥的去污处理和产电应用方面都具有一定前景,为现场尺度沉积型微生物燃料电池在工程应用方面提供了一定的理论依据和参考.     

Mg~(2+)对At.f菌氧化活性的影响

以嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidthiobacillus ferrooxidans,简称At.f菌,FN811931)为研究对象,探讨了Mg~(2+)对其氧化活性的影响规律,并采用Zeta电位及红外光谱分析,考察了其影响的内在机制.结果表明:在Mg~(2+)质量浓度小于5.0g/L的体系中,培养35h时,p H值从培养初期的2.00左右下降到1.70左右,氧化还原电位从培养初期的390 m V左右上升到600 m V以上,Fe~(2+)氧化率接近100%,细菌生长达到旺盛期;当Mg~(2+)质量浓度超过5.0 g/L时,体系p H值下降速率、氧化还原电位上升速率、Fe~(2+)氧化率、细菌生长速率均降低,且Mg~(2+)质量浓度越大,影响效果越显著.Zeta电位测试结果表明,20.0 g/L镁离子作用下细菌等电点为3.6,高于9K培养基中细菌的等电点2.7,这从宏观上解释了细菌细胞壁结构的变化;红外光谱测试结果显示,Mg~(2+)作用下,细菌细胞壁中的官能团发生了交联作用,导致吸收峰N—H的消失和—OH、—C‖O、—CH3、—CH2、—P‖O、—CN的偏移,致使细胞壁表面蛋白质结构发生变化,进而影响了细菌的氧化活性.     

菌藻联合处理对不同底质刺参养殖池塘的改良

采用正交实验设计方案,在铺有泥沙质底池塘底泥的水槽中养殖刺参,通过检测对养殖水体中氨氮、亚硝酸盐、硫化物及底泥硫化物的降低率,最终确定菌藻联合处理系统中各成分的最优初始添加量分别为:小球藻1.0×10~7细胞/L,微拟球藻1.5×10~7细胞/L,光合细菌1.5×10~7CFU/L和芽孢杆菌1.0×10`7CFU/L.将该最优配比菌藻联合处理系统分别施加到铺有泥沙质底、砂质底和泥质底底泥的水槽中,在为期80 d的刺参养殖过程中,观测其对水质和底质的修复和改善效果.结果发现,该菌藻联合处理系统能显著降低水中硫化物、氨氮、亚硝酸盐的含量和底泥硫化物含量,显著提高底泥氧化还原电位,同时有效降低底泥中总氮、总磷和有机碳的含量,对有害细菌的生长也有较好的抑制作用.结果表明,菌藻联合处理联合处理系统改良效果显著,对泥质底底泥的改良效果最优.     

温度、pH、COD值对水体中二硫氰基甲烷消除的影响

采用超高效液相色谱法(UPLC),研究初始质量浓度1μg·m L-1二硫氰基甲烷在不同温度、p H值、COD值水体条件下的消除规律.结果表明:在5~35℃水温范围内,二硫氰基甲烷的消除速率为:V35℃V25℃V15℃V5℃,35℃水体中,第20天二硫氰基甲烷未被检出.在p H 5.0~9.0的水中二硫氰基甲烷的平均消除速率为:Vp H9.0Vp H8.5Vp H8.0Vp H7.5Vp H7.0Vp H6.5Vp H6.0Vp H5.5Vp H5.0,平均消除速率随着p H值的升高而变大,酸性条件下稳定,不易分解,p H≥8.0的弱碱性条件下极易分解.在COD值为0~30 mg·L-1的水中二硫氰基甲烷的平均消除速率表现为:V30 mg·L-1V20 mg·L-1V10 mg·L-1V0 mg·L-1,二硫氰基甲烷的消除速率随着COD值的增大而变大.     

微生物燃料电池处理剩余污泥及其产电特性

针对目前存在的剩余污泥处理问题,采用沉积型微生物燃料电池(SMFC)处理二沉池剩余污泥,考察了不同条件下其产电特性及污泥减量化情况.SMFC运行一个周期(60 d),无表面曝气,不投加缓冲溶液的条件下获得最大功率密度可达9.45 W/m3;表面曝气和投加缓冲溶液均可提高SMFC的产电性能.闭路运行SMFC一个周期后,TCOD、TSS、VSS去除率均显著高于开路状态,且底物中投加氧化物可以提高有机物的去除率.微生物燃料电池可以用来实现剩余污泥的减量,并同时产生电能.     

固定化微生物对湖塘底泥有机污染的减量化

为研究湖塘上覆水体COD浓度与底泥有机污染物释放之间的关系,采用固定化微生物技术(IM)原位修复湖塘底泥,在实验室模拟条件下通过改变固定化微生物载体柱的设置位置、上覆水溶解氧以及上覆水p H,探讨了IM技术的最佳工艺条件;然后以湖塘水为上覆水,在最佳条件下进行验证实验,了解上覆水及底泥修复情况,并采用GC-MS技术分析修复后沉积物中有机污染物的降解情况。结果表明:最佳工艺条件为:将载体柱设置在泥水交界面,并且上覆水的溶解氧浓度和p H值分别为6 mg/L和7。最佳工艺条件下,经过一个月的原位修复,IM组上覆水水质由劣Ⅴ类变成了Ⅲ类,而对照组为Ⅳ类;同时IM组底泥的总有机质去除率达到33. 4%,并且GC-MS结果显示,与对照组相比经修复,IM组底泥样品中各种类型有机物的浓度均显著降低。     

微生物对太湖沉积物总磷分布影响研究

利用柱状采泥器采集太湖沉积物,在室内通过辐照灭菌研究微生物对柱状沉积物总磷分布的影响.沉积物混匀装柱后经辐照、添加可溶性淀粉等处理后放置一段时间,分析结果表明:辐照柱状沉积物的pH值比未辐照的柱状沉积物pH值高,说明沉积物中的微生物活动会影响沉积物的pH值;4个柱状沉积物氧化还原电位值的变化十分相似,7～30 cm的沉积物均处于较强的还原状态,在沉积环境下微生物活性对氧化还原电位的影响较小,决定氧化还原状态的主要因素可能是沉积物的压实作用;4个混匀柱状沉积物经处理放置一段时间后均在表层出现磷的聚集,而4～10 cm的总磷含量却低于平均值,这种变化表明在柱状沉积物表层出现了磷素的迁移.     

聚苯胺修饰阴极对沉积型微生物燃料电池产电性能的影响

考察了聚苯胺（PANI）修饰阴极对沉积型微生物燃料电池（SMFC）产电性能和有机质去除率的影响。衰减全反射红外光谱（ATR）表征证明修饰电极表面PANI为导电的质子掺杂状态。电化学阻抗谱（EIS）测试揭示,PANI修饰电极的欧姆内阻（R‰）和电荷转移内阻（R。）明显低于空白电极,且随着PANI负载量的增大逐渐减小。以PANI修饰阴极序批式运行沉积型微生物燃料电池（SMFC）,可以显著提高SMFC的产电性能以及沉积物中有机质去除率。与空白阴极SMFC体系相比,PANI—110修饰阴极SMFC的最大功率密度增大了64倍,表观内阻减小了12倍,SCOD去除率由12．4％增大到40．3％。     

辉光放电等离子体降解水中氧四环素（英文）

采用接触辉光放电等离子体(CGDE)降解水中氧四环素,考察了不同条件(放电电压、初始浓度、电解质浓度、初始p H值)对氧四环素(OTC)降解率的影响.研究结果表明,放电电压500 V、OTC浓度60 mg/L、电解质为3 g/L Na_2SO_4、初始p H为3.0时,放电60 min,OTC降解率达98.12%.Fe~(2+)为4.0 mg/L时,CGDE放电5min,OTC降解率高达98.48%.CGDE体系中添加亚铁盐能有效加快OTC的降解过程.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.