渗硼对球墨铸铁组织和耐磨性能的影响

为了提高球墨铸铁件的使用性能和使用寿命,对球墨铸铁进行了固体渗硼处理实验。利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析了渗硼层的厚度和渗硼层的组织,并测定了渗硼层的显微硬度,研究了渗硼对球墨铸铁耐磨性的影响。结果表明：球墨铸铁经渗硼处理后,其渗硼层由Fe2B单相组成,渗硼层呈齿状嵌入基体中。渗硼层的厚度随时间延长而增加。球墨铸铁经渗硼处理可获得较高的表面硬度,可达6.49 GPa。渗硼处理能明显改善球墨铸铁的耐磨性,是球墨铸铁的相对耐磨性的2.45倍。     

Q235钢快速碳氮共渗工艺

由于传统碳氮共渗剂存在污染环境的不足,采用气体碳氮共渗技术对Q235钢进行表面改性处理,探讨在850℃时不同的保温时间实现快速碳氮共渗处理的可行性。利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计、磨损实验机等检测分析手段对渗层的显微组织、相组成、渗层厚度以及渗层的显微硬度和耐磨性能进行了研究。结果表明：随着碳氮共渗时间的增长,显微组织越来越致密;渗层厚度增加,850℃下保温7 h时渗层的厚度达到最大,约为1400μm,显微组织也最致密。碳氮共渗层的相组成主要由碳化物（Fe3C）、氮化物（Fe3N）组成。渗层的显微硬度随着碳氮共渗时间的增加而增加,其中保温7 h时HV0.2最大达到7.97 GPa,是Q235钢的7.5倍。该工艺下渗层的耐磨性能提高显著。     

J422/A132对Q235/304焊接接头组织与力学性能的影响

采用J422和A132两种焊条,利用手工电弧焊焊接Q235与304钢,通过金相观察试验、硬度试验和拉伸试验,研究了J422/A132对Q235/304焊接接头组织与力学性能的影响.研究发现:(1)J422焊条试样焊缝区产生了马氏体组织,硬度上升,A132焊条试样焊缝区组织为奥氏体+铁素体双相组织,塑性、韧性较好;(2)本实验中,J422焊条焊接的试样抗拉强度比A132焊条焊接的试样约高252MPa,伸长率约高3.13%;(3)对于J422和A132焊条焊接的试样,熔合区都存在一定的过渡层,A132焊接的试样过渡层范围相对更小;(4)Q235/304异种钢焊接时,J422试样比A132试样碳的迁移现象更加严重.     

Q235钢热浸渗铝层的组织分析和性能

分析了Q235钢热浸渗铝层的组织,并对其抗高温氧化和耐高温腐蚀性能进行了研究.显微硬度试验结果表明渗层硬度可达1000 HV,并具有较大的脆性.经扩散退火后,渗层组织和显微硬度都发生了明显的变化.高温氧化和热腐蚀试验结果表明,渗铝Q235钢的抗高温氧化性能和1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢相当,而耐热腐蚀性能明显优于后者.     

氩弧熔覆原位合成TiN复合涂层的组织与耐磨性

为提高钢材料的耐磨性,以Ti、TiN和Ni60A三种粉末作为涂层材料,采用氩弧熔覆、原位合成技术,在Q235钢表面制备TiN复合涂层.利用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、显微硬度计及滑动磨损实验机（MMS-2B）对复合涂层的显微组织结构、硬度和耐磨性进行分析.结果表明：涂层主要由TiN和α-Fe组成,TiN分布均匀且与基体呈现冶金结合,涂层显微硬度最高达738.17 GPa,耐磨性为Q235钢的8倍.涂层在室温干滑动摩擦磨损条件下表现出优异的耐磨损性能,具有应用价值.     

Al质量分数对Q235钢渗硅层耐磨性能的影响

为提高Q235钢的耐磨性,采用固体粉末法对Q235钢进行Al-Si共渗处理.改变渗剂中Al粉质量分数,以研究Al对渗硅层耐磨性的影响.利用扫描电镜、维氏硬度计、磨粒磨损试验等手段对渗后试样的金相组织、硬度、耐磨性能进行表征.结果表明:Al粉质量分数为35%时,渗层厚度最大,渗层硬度最高,耐磨性能最佳.     

Q235钢的直接电加热渗硼研究

通过Q235钢直接电加热洛硼工艺试验，研究了Q235钢渗硼层的生长规律、组织组成、渗层深度分布状态和硬度分布状态，并与其在电阻炉中加热作了比较。探讨了电磁场对渗硼深度的影响。结果发现：直接电加热可以充分发挥电磁场的化学催渗和物理催渗作用。提高渗层质量，加速渗硼过程，缩短渗硼周期。     

光束偏移量对Q235/304激光焊接接头组织与性能的影响

采用不同的激光束偏移量对Q235和SUS304两种薄钢板进行对接焊试验,利用光学显微镜、显微硬度仪和拉伸试验机研究了光束偏移量对焊接接头组织和性能的影响规律。结果表明:激光束偏向Q235侧时焊缝表面成形质量好,两侧金属均充分融化,熔池形貌较好;随着光束向SUS304侧移动,Q235侧热影响区组织中马氏体含量逐渐减少,铁素体含量增加且晶粒急剧长大;接头最大硬度出现在焊缝区,是Q235母材硬度的3. 5倍;接头平均抗拉强度可达300 MPa,且断裂位置均位于Q235母材处,偏移量为-0. 1 mm时,接头的综合拉伸性能最好。     

稀土对Cr12MoV钢渗硼层组织和性能的影响

研究了稀土对Cr12MoV钢渗硼层组织和性能的影响,并对影响机理进行了初步探讨.结果表明,硼-稀土共渗层的组织、显微硬度、脆性、耐磨性比单一渗硼明显改善,尤其是耐磨性显著提高.     

氩弧熔覆制备25Ni-10Zr-10Mo-15WC-40B4C复合涂层组织及耐磨性

零件表面改性技术,是提高其使用寿命的重要方法之一,以Ni粉、Zr粉、Mo粉、WC粉和B4C粉为原料,采用钨极氩弧熔覆工艺在Q235钢表面原位合成了(Fe,Mo,W)2B,(Fe,Mo,W,Zr,Ni)(B,C),(Zr,Mo,W,Fe)C0.7增强α-Fe基复合涂层。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、能谱分析仪(EDS)等分析手段对熔覆层的显微组织和物相进行分析,采用显微硬度测试计和摩擦磨损实验机对熔覆层的硬度及其耐磨性进行测试。结果表明:熔覆层与Q235钢基体呈良好的冶金结合,未见气孔、裂纹等缺陷。其增强相颗粒有大的圆块状、不规则长条状和小的八面体状弥散均匀地分布于基体当中;部分八面体小颗粒镶嵌在大颗粒上。复合涂层区域平均显微硬度约13.7 GPa,最高可达14.6 GPa;在室温干滑动磨损实验条件下,熔覆层呈现优异的耐磨性,其耐磨性约为基体Q235钢的20倍。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.