混凝土数值研究中裂缝模拟的新方法

混凝土是土木工程中重要的材料,其破坏过程是微裂纹萌生、扩展、贯通的过程。扩展有限元法(XFEM)是近年来发展起来的分析断裂问题的一种有效方法。本文介绍了扩展有限元法的基本原理,给出了扩展有限元进行混凝土开裂及裂纹扩展的分析方法,并采用扩展有限元法模拟了混凝土试件开裂扩展过程及破坏形态,数值模拟结果与实验现象相符。研究结果表明:扩展有限元法能有效地模拟混凝土材料断裂破坏过程。     

基于X-SBFEM的非线性断裂数值模型研究

从非线性断裂力学模型的角度,开展准脆性材料(混凝土)裂纹过程区的有效模拟,是当前的研究热点之一.扩展比例边界有限元法(X-SBFEM)兼有扩展有限元法(XFEM)和比例边界有限元法(SBFEM)两种方法的优势,利用SBFEM求解裂尖段应力奇异性问题,利用XFEM模拟非裂尖段位移场不连续.为在X-SBFEM中增加非线性断裂模型,提出采用sideface力的形式,基于黏聚力模型,通过线性叠加迭代法来模拟准脆性材料(混凝土)裂纹过程区.最后,以数值算例——单边缺口的三点弯曲梁和四点剪切梁——模拟裂纹过程区能量耗散影响,验证了所提方法的精度与应用效果.     

应用XFEM模拟研究钻杆裂纹扩展过程

钻杆裂纹扩展是一个典型的不连续问题,采用常规有限元方法难以实现裂纹扩展过程的仿真模拟,而扩展有限元法(XFEM)是近年来发展起来的分析断裂问题的一种有效方法。在介绍了扩展有限元法的基本原理的基础上,建立了基于XFEM的含不同深度初始裂纹的5in钻杆在拉力和扭矩共同作用下的裂纹扩展模型。通过钻杆裂纹扩展过程的分析后发现,钻杆的初始裂纹深度小于1mm时,裂纹不易扩展,但初始裂纹深度超过2mm时裂纹会在相对较低的外载荷下扩展,且扩展面较大并与初始裂纹面存在一定夹角,最终造成钻杆断裂失效。通过对钻杆裂纹的扩展过程仿真模拟,展示了XFEM在钻具断裂失效分析方面的独特优势,并为这方面的研究提供了一种新方法。     

基于扩展有限元法的混凝土重力坝多裂纹数值模拟

针对含有多个初始裂纹的混凝土重力坝的裂纹扩展问题,在ABAQUS有限元分析软件上,应用扩展有限元法和黏聚裂纹模型来进行数值模拟。分析了多裂纹的扩展路径以及主导裂纹的荷载-裂缝口张开位移。结果表明,混凝土重力坝多裂纹的扩展路径与文献结果几乎相同,主导裂纹的荷载-裂缝口张开位移曲线与文献结果有差异,但差异很小。可见采用扩展有限元法能够精确地模拟混凝土重力坝多裂纹从加载到失稳破坏的全过程,无需重新划分网格,减少了计算量,为解决工程实际问题提供了一种有效的应用途径。     

含裂纹复合材料的Cell-based光滑扩展有限元法

为克服有限元法(FEM)某些固有的缺陷,提高计算精度,将Cell-Based光滑有限元法(CSFEM)与扩展有限元法(XFEM)相结合,提出光滑扩展有限元法(CS-XFEM).用该方法对含中心裂纹和斜裂纹的正交各向材料板进行模拟,并与FEM,XFEM和BXFEM(bimaterial extended finite element method)计算结果进行对比.数值算例结果表明,CS-XFEM兼具CSFEM和XFEM两者优点:单元网格与裂纹面相互独立,裂尖不必是单元节点,裂尖处网格也不需要加密,域内积分可转化为边界积分,形函数不需求导,对网格质量要求低;因此是分析断裂问题的简洁高效的数值计算方法.     

基于XFEM的重力坝裂缝扩展路径的探讨

近年来,扩展有限元法被广泛用于处理不连续问题,因该方法克服了常规有限元法在模拟裂缝扩展时需不断的网格重划分及对裂纹面与单元边界一致性的要求而导致的繁琐计算和误差等缺点.用二维扩展有限元法模拟了带水平缝混凝土重力坝在水压作用下裂缝的扩展路径.首先,讨论了裂缝扩展增量对其路径的影响,然后研究了裂缝在不同高度和初始长度下的扩展路径.结果发现扩展增量对裂缝扩展路径方向影响甚微,但对大坝的位移影响较大;裂缝的高度和长度对其扩展路径影响均不大.     

交叉型裂纹扩展模拟的一种有效方法

结合广义有限元法(GFEM)和扩展有限元法(XFEM)的特点,提出了一种新的数值方法——广义扩展有限元法(GXFEM).阐述了广义扩展有限元法的基本原理,对相关公式进行推导,探讨数值实现中需注意的重要问题,给出利用广义扩展有限元法进行断裂分析时应力强度因子的计算方法,编写了广义扩展有限元法程序.通过算例进行了应力强度因子的计算,模拟了结构裂纹的扩展过程.算例结果表明,利用广义扩展有限元法计算交叉裂纹扩展问题,不需要进行过密的网格划分,且网格在裂纹扩展后无需重新剖分,具有相当高的计算精度.     

基于扩展有限元法的Koyna重力坝地震开裂过程模拟

为了模拟重力坝在强震作用下的破坏过程,利用扩展有限元框架下的分离裂纹模型描述混凝土中的裂纹扩展。该模型通过富集非连续位移模式使得对裂纹的几何描述独立于网格边界。利用动力扩展有限元法,提出了集中质量矩阵处理方案,并在通用软件ABAQU S上进行了嵌入。对印度K oyna重力坝在强震下的开裂过程,应用该方案进行了数值模拟。结果表明:用该方案求解非连续界面动力接触问题,既不损失精度,又能避免不稳定性。     

基于扩展有限元法的Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂纹扩展研究

基于扩展有限元法(XFEM)研究了Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂纹扩展问题. 对于裂纹面间的力学行为,用内聚力模型(CZM)进行了描述. 推导了引入内聚力模型后扩展有限元法的单元刚度矩阵,研究了加载方向对紧凑拉剪试件复合型裂纹扩展的影响. 研究结果表明:加载方向对裂纹起裂角影响较大,试件的最大承载力随着加载角度的增大近似线性增加;同时,在不同加载角度下数值模拟得到的裂纹起裂角和力-开口位移曲线与实验结果相吻合.      

基于XFEM的双裂隙岩体冻胀裂纹扩展数值模拟研究

为研究冻胀荷载对双裂隙岩体裂纹扩展及贯通机制的影响,文章基于扩展有限元法(extended finite element method,XFEM),分析冻胀力作用下不同岩桥参数双裂隙试样的裂纹扩展特征和破坏形式,探究在冻胀力和侧向卸荷共同作用下双裂隙试样的裂纹扩展贯通规律.结果 表明:基于XFEM的数值模拟结果与试验中的裂纹扩展路径基本吻合,验证了XFEM能够有效地应用于双裂隙岩体的裂纹扩展模拟;非岩桥区冻胀裂纹的扩展方向与预制裂隙走向相同,而岩桥区裂纹的扩展方向受到冻胀应力的影响,裂纹扩展方向偏向于另一条预制裂隙位置;冻胀裂纹的扩展模式受到围压的影响,随着围压增加,侧向卸荷过程中裂纹扩展模式由拉张模式变成拉剪混合模式,裂纹扩展方向也发生偏转.研究方法和结果可为低温裂隙岩体裂纹扩展相关研究提供参考.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.