支持向量机训练及分类算法研究

支持向量机(SVM)是在统计学习理论基础上发展起来的一种新的数据挖掘方法,已广泛应用于模式识别与回归分析等领域。针对一些主要的SVM训练算法,比较它们的特点,阐述其中最有代表性的序列最小优化(SMO)算法及其多种改进算法,还讨论一些典型的支持向量机多分类算法及支持向量机多标注算法。最后,指出亟待解决的一些问题。     

一种新的粗糙集与支持向量分类机算法

用支持向量机的机器学习是依据结构风险最小化原则,序列最小优化(SMO)是较特殊的分解算法。对高维大样本对象,支持向量机训练算法面临耗时增大与维数灾问题,利用粗糙集(RS)对不确定数据处理能力,提出一种新的粗糙集与支持向量分类机算法RS-SMO,可以对数据集做属性约简,生成类边界集作为SMO的训练子集,比原始训练集的维数与规模大小都有一定程度的减少,可构造出具有较好时空性能的算法。用两个实用数据对象做仿真,实验结果表明算法RS-SMO比SMO的性能有大的提高,实现了结构风险最小化。     

一种基于网格的最近邻SVM新算法

支持向量机(SVM)算法往往由于分类面过分复杂或过学习而导致其泛化能力降低,现有的最近邻（NNSVM)或K近邻（KNNSVM）方法解决了这类样本问题,但算法时间复杂度高,处理海量样本的能力有限。在NNSVM算法的基础上引入了网格概念,提出了GNNSVM算法,该算法先对空间进行分块,然后在空间块内计算样本距离,找出最近邻,并结合分块序列最小优化算法(SMO)进行了算法实现。实验表明,该方法降低了计算复杂度,它在保持分类精度的同时,提高了训练和分类的速度,并具有较强的泛化能力,从而提高了原NNSVM算法的海量数据处理能力。     

云计算环境的并行支持向量机

针对基于GPU和MPI并行的支持向量机（SVM）算法不适合于云计算环境,设计了一种基于多级SVM的并行支持向量机模型,实现了云计算环境下的序列最小优化（SMO）的并行算法。该算法通过MapReduce系统将大规模训练数据集划分为若干小训练集,再由这些小训练集开发多级的SVM,最后收集每一个SVM最优超平面附近的样本数据来训练另一个新的SVM。实验结果表明,该算法在时间消耗与分类正确率等综合方面比单机算法和传统并行算法获得更好的效果。     

基于贝叶斯支持向量机模型选择算法改进

通过对贝叶斯方法的分析,探讨了SVM的模型选择问题,提出SVM模型的选择可以看作等价于求解概率模型下置信度最大化的观点.首先,通过使用相关后验概率上的数学期望近似计算置信度梯度,然后用拟牛顿法求解置信度最大化问题.在数据集训练过程中引入阶梯度的SMO算法以提高训练效率.实验证明:此算法与网格法和Span估计法相比,改善了SVM的多参数选择问题,提高了执行效率.     

支持向量机的SMO算法及其自适应改进研究

提出在SMO算法上应用自适应学习的思想,并利用求解凸二次规划寻优问题的基础上进行改进的研究.研究表明,基于自适应学习的思想对SMO算法进行改进,可使SVM算法更能适应实际应用快速、高效的需求.     

基于粗糙集与支持向量机的分类算法

针对高维大样本环境下支持向量机训练算法面临界的耗时增大与维数灾问题,将序列最小优化算法(SMO)与粗糙集(RS)的数据处理功能相结合,提出一种新的基于粗糙集与支持向量机的分类算法RS.SMO.该算法依据属性的重要性对数据集作属性约简,用粗糙边界集法生成类边界集作为SMO的训练子集,使训练集比原始训练集的维数与规模都有一定程度的减少,可构造出具有较好时空性能的算法.实验结果表明,RS-SMO算法能实现结构风险最小化,且性能优于SMO算法.     

基于SMO和指纹技术在线邮件过滤方法与优化

研究了垃圾邮件的指纹特征向量表示和SVM过滤方法,设计实现了基于指纹特征和SMO的在线式邮件过滤器FSVM,在在线垃圾信息过滤上获得到了与传统方法相当的效果.在SVM过滤的运算速度方面,基于原始SMO算法,对上述在线方法提出了邮件样本动态集方法(DFSVM)进行条件减弱,在降低了计算量的同时能够保证指纹SMO获得相当的过滤效果.在标准测试集和真实邮件系统中进行了实验验证和对比,结果表明,该改进对提高SVM分类精读有一定的帮助.     

特征选择和SVM训练模型的联合优化

提出了特征选择和支持向量机(SVM)训练模型的联合优化方法,利用特征选择和训练模型的互相依赖关系来提高SVM性能.该方法包括3个关键技术 优化目标是提高SVM性能,它是由ξα-estimate方法计算出来的; 用一个二进制向量表示特征选择,用混合核函数和折中控制参数来表示训练模型; 用演化算法来求解联合优化问题.通过使用入侵检测标准数据,比较了联合优化、单独优化和分开优化方法以及遗传算法(GA)和粒子群优化算法(PSO)的使用效果.结果表明 联合优化方法能更好地提高SVM性能,并且收敛速度更快; GA的效果比PSO要好.     

一类支持向量机中引导式量子粒子群优化机理及实现

通过分析量子粒子群在一类超球面支持向量机训练优化的应用机理,提出一种基于引导式量子粒子群(D-QDPSO)的一类超球面支持向量机训练优化算法,根据Zoutendijk最速下行策略确定全局最优gbest的优化方向,计算引导粒子位置;同时在初始化时根据序列最小优化算法(SMO)得到靠近最优解的近似位置,并以约束平面边界点作为初始化粒子,扩大了搜索范围。实验表明,D-QDPSO算法有较好的收敛性能和泛化性能,其误识率比SMO降低约0.12%,运算速度比LPSO提高2倍左右。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

Features of Women''s language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme