香精/β-环糊精微胶囊的制备与性能研究

以β-环糊精作为壁材,以失水山梨醇单油酸酯(Span-80)等表面活性剂为乳化剂,用分子包埋法制备了香精/β-环糊精微胶囊,并用热重分析法研究了香精/β-环糊精微胶囊的稳定性和缓释性能,试验结果表明:香精/β-环糊精微胶囊具有良好的稳定性和缓释性能,而且乳化剂不同对香精微胶囊的稳定性有影响,稳定性和缓释性能最好的香精微胶囊是以失水山梨醇单油酸酯(Span-80)为乳化剂制得的香精微胶囊,从而确定了最佳制备工艺,为解决日用化学品中液体香精不稳定,缓释性能差等问题提供了理论根据。     

微乳液法制备纳米Al2(WO4)3

对微乳液法制备纳米Al2(WO4)3进行了研究.分别以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和二(2-乙基己基)磺基琥珀酸钠(AOT)为表面活性剂,在表面活性剂-正辛烷-盐水体系的W/O微乳液区成功地合成了纳米Al2(WO4)3.实验结果表明,以AOT为表面活性剂的微乳液体系制备的纳米Al2(WO4)3颗粒小,粒度分布均匀,其颗粒大小在40 nm左右且为球形.同时还在CTAB/正丁醇-正辛烷-盐水体系的W/O微乳液区、O/W微乳液区和液晶区合成了Al2(WO4)3,并将产物进行了比较.结果表明,在W/O微乳液区能够合成出粒度分布较均匀且粒径在100 nm以内的纳米Al2(WO4)3.     

微乳柴油的研制及性能

将失水山梨醇单油酸酯(span-80)分别与聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇单棕榈酸酯(tween-40)、烷基酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚(OP-10)、石油环烷酸钠进行复配,将失水山梨醇单硬脂酸酯(span-60)分别与聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇单棕榈酸酯(tween-40)、烷基酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚(OP-10)进行复配,制备微乳化柴油,考察微乳化柴油的性能.结果表明:由span-80与tween-40、OP-10复配可以得到澄清的微乳化柴油,当取乳化剂为油质量的5%、助乳化剂体积为油的2%时,其最大加水量可达10%～12%;调配的微乳化柴油抗水性较好,在高温环境(80 ℃)以及低温条件(5 ℃)下均能保持澄清透明;微乳化柴油的密度、运动黏度、闪点、十六烷值等技术指标均符合车用柴油GB/T 19147-2003,与纯柴油相比,主要排放物PM颗粒物下降30%～40%,CO排放下降57.1%,NOx排放基本与纯柴油相当.     

丙烯酰胺乳液稳定性的初步研究

通过对乳化剂失水山梨醇单油酸酯和聚氧乙烯壬酚醚进行复配,获得不同的表面活性剂亲水亲油平衡值,以一定浓度的丙烯酰胺水溶液与甲苯按不同的体积比进行混合,通过机械搅拌方式将其配制成乳液。用稀释法确定乳液的O/W或W/O类型。72小时后测定乳液稳定性指数,获得乳液的稳定性数据和乳液相反转的稳定边界值,并绘制出相应的关系曲线。     

改性聚丙烯酰胺纳米微球的合成及其在调剖堵水上的应用

以亲水性丙烯酰胺(AM)为单体,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,氢氧化钠(NaOH)/亚硫酸氢钠(NaHSO_3)为引发剂,失水山梨醇单油酸酯(Span80)/失水山梨醇单油酸酯聚氧乙烯醚(Tween80)/烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(Tx-10)为乳化体系,在白油中进行反相乳液聚合,制备了改性聚丙烯酰胺微球(PAM)。采用红外光谱、粒径分析和动态流变仪等方式对该微球进行了表征。结果表明聚丙烯酰胺微球已聚合且性能良好,在水中溶胀5 d后,粒径增大至1μm,乳液能迅速分散在水中,且黏度低、耐剪切,可以被顺利注入到地层深部。将此微球在长庆油田进行现场应用,结果显示试验井均出现不同程度的增油,说明此微球在调剖堵水方面具有良好的效果。     

反相微乳液制备无单体残留阳离子聚丙烯酰胺

以丙烯酰胺(AM)和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)水溶液为水相,失水山梨醇单油酸酯(Span80)/聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇硬脂酸酯(Tween60)/异构烷烃Isopar M为油相,过硫酸铵/亚硫酸氢钠((NH4)2S2O8/Na HSO3)为引发剂,在40℃进行反相微乳液聚合制备阳离子聚丙烯酰胺P(AM-DMDAAC).通过红外光谱(IR)、液相色谱(LC)、扫描电镜(SEM)对共聚物结构、丙烯酰胺单体残留量及表面形貌进行表征分析.结果表明,在40℃,HLB值为8.5,AM与DMDAAC质量比为8∶2,引发剂占单体总质量的0.7%,乳化剂占油相总质量的25%时,得稳定透明的微乳液,产物为无单体残留阳离子聚丙烯酰胺共聚物,阳离子度为30%.     

微乳液法制备Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒

利用微乳液法制备纳米Fe3O4颗粒,以十二烷基苯磺酸钠为表面活性剂,甲苯作为油相,Fe3+与Fe2+水溶液和NaOH水溶液为水相形成W/O乳浊液,制备出单分散、高磁性的纳米级Fe3O4颗粒。经XRD、TEM、SEM分析Fe3+与Fe2+的摩尔比、乳化温度(T)、表面活性剂用量(m)、乳化时间(t)等参数对结果的影响。研究表明:当Fe3+与Fe2+摩尔比n(Fe3+)∶n(Fe2+)=1.75∶1、乳化温度T=80℃、表面活性剂用量m=1.0 g、乳化时间t=1.0 h时,产物粒径小,表现为超顺磁性。     

乳状液膜法分离富集锌(Ⅱ)

报道了用乳状液膜法分离锌离子的研究.在此分离体系中,采用失水山梨醇单油酸酯(span80)–十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)为表面活性剂,磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为流动载体,氨水为内相试剂.详细讨论了乳水混合时间、表面活性剂浓度、内相试剂浓度以及乳水体积比对分离效果的影响,确定了锌(Ⅱ)的最佳分离富集条件为乳水混合时间10 min、内相NH3浓度0.6 mol/L、span80浓度5 %、乳水体积比0.25,在此条件下,锌(Ⅱ) 的去除率可高于95 %.     

CTAB反相微乳液体系稳定性的影响因素

研究温度、pH值和盐浓度对CTAB(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)/正丁醇/正辛烷/水(或钨酸钠溶液)反相微乳液体系稳定性的影响,并绘制了该反相微乳体系的拟三元相图.实验结果表明:表面活性剂与助表面活性剂的配比对该微乳液的稳定性有显著影响,当CTAB与正丁醇质量比为2: 3时,体系有较大的反相微乳液稳定区;该微乳液体系对温度变化不敏感;pH值为1～7范围内时,该体系具有较好的pH值稳定性;钨酸钠溶液浓度在0.05～0.08 g/mL时,盐浓度对整个微乳区影响不大.结果表明:该反相微乳液体系可作为微型反应器用于纳米粒子的制备.     

反向微乳法制备单分散纳米二氧化硅

制备了以Span80和Tween60为混合表面活性剂的反向微乳液,研究了不同配比的Span80-Tween60混合表面活性剂对微乳液最大增溶水量的影响,利用Span80-Tween60/环己烷/水(HCl)反胶束微乳体系水解正硅酸乙酯制备出单分散性好、平均粒径15~40nm的二氧化硅粒子,探讨了水与表面活性剂的摩尔比(R)、水与正硅酸乙酯的摩尔比(H)对SiO2粒子粒径的影响.结果表明:Span80和Tween60质量比为2∶5时,微乳体系有较大的溶水能力;SiO2纳米粒子粒径随着R和H的增大而增大.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.