红蓼籽中的黄酮类化合物

从红蓼籽的乙酸乙酯浸膏中分离得到３ 个黄酮甙化合物． 经光谱分析并与文献对照确定其结构分别为： 花旗松素３ＯβＤ葡萄糖甙、山奈素３ＯαＬ鼠李糖甙和柯伊利素７ＯβＤ葡萄糖甙     

金叶子黄酮类成分的研究

金叶子叶经不同溶剂提取，浓缩及多次层析分离，纯化后从这植物中得到６个化合物。利用波谱和化学方法阐明其结构，计有１１α－羟基－α香树素，β－谷甾醇，槲皮素，槲皮素－３－Ｏ－α阿拉伯呋喃糖甙，槲皮素－３－Ｏ－α鼠李吡喃糖甙，槲皮素－３－Ｏ－β－半乳吡喃糖甙。     

银杏叶中黄酮糖苷化合物的分离鉴定

利用常规的聚酰胺柱层析、ＴＬＣ和ＨＰＬＣ的方法从银杏叶中分离得到５个黄酮糖苷化合物，经ＵＶ、ＨＰＬＣ、ＨＮＭＲ分析鉴定为：芦丁（１），莰菲醇－３－Ｏ（２－Ｏ）－（６－Ｏ－「对－（β－Ｄ－葡萄糖）－Ｏ－反式肉桂酰」－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖）－α－Ｌ０鼠李糖）（２），莰菲醇－３－Ｏ（β－Ｄ－葡萄糖）（３），槲皮素－３－Ｏ－（２－Ｏ－「６－Ｏ－（对－竣工在－反式肉桂酰）－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖」－ａ－Ｌ－鼠李糖），（４     

庆阳乌蓼中黄酮类化合物的研究

从甘肃庆阳产中草药乌蓼中首次分离得到了５个黄酮类化合物：５７二羟基６７二甲氧基黄酮（１）,５７二羟基黄酮（２）,５７二甲氧基４′羟基黄酮（３）,桑色素７ＯβＤ葡萄糖甙（４）,５羟基３′甲氧基双氢黄酮７Ｏ芸香糖甙（５）．     

马缨杜鹃寄生化学成分的研究

杜鹃花科植物马缨杜鹃寄生，经不同溶剂提取多次层析分离，纯化后，首镒从中分离出９个化合物经波谱及色质联用等鉴定为二十九碳烷，琥珀酸，槲皮素，槲皮素－３－Ｏ－α－阿拉伯呋喃糖甙，槲皮素３－Ｏ－α鼠李吡喃糖甙，菜油甾醇，菜子甾醇，豆甾醇和γ－谷甾醇。     

藤茶甙的分离和结构确定

从显齿蛇葡萄「Ａｍｐｅｌｏｐｓｉｓ ｇｒｏｓｓｅｄｅｎｔａｔａ（Ｈａｎｄ－Ｍａｚｚ）Ｗ．Ｔ．Ｗａｎｇ」的乙醇提取物中分离得到一个新化合物,经光谱分析和化学反应鉴定为４′－羟基－３′－甲氧基异黄烷－７－Ｏ－α－Ｌ鼠李糖（１→６）－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖甙,命名为藤茶甙（ｇｒｏｓｓｅｄｅｎｔａｔａｓｉｄｅ）。     

中国马先蒿环烯醚萜,木脂素和苯丙素甙成分研究

从中国马先蒿根部甲醇提取物的正丁醇浸豪中分离出５个甙类化合物，经ＩＲ，ＵＶ，＾ＨＮＭＲ，＾１３ＣＮＭＲ，ＤＥＰＴ，ＥＩＭＳ，ＦＡＢＭＳ以及化学转化鉴定它们为：６－Ｏ－甲基－构叶珊瑚甙（１），丁香醇－４″－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖吡喃甙（２），１＇－β－Ｄ０）３－羟基－４－甲氧基－苯基）－乙基β－Ｄ芹糖（１→３＇＿－α－Ｌ－鼠李糖（１－６＇）－４＇－反－阿魏酰基－葡萄糖吡喃甙（３），１＇－Ｏβ－Ｄ－（３－羟基     

罗汉果叶黄酮甙的分离与结构鉴定

以罗汉果叶为原料提取黄酮,用溶剂萃取、柱层析、HPLC纯化等方法进行黄酮甙的分离和提纯后,采用TLC、HPLC、IR、NM R、M S等分析方法进行结构鉴定。结果表明,罗汉果叶含有2种黄酮甙,它们分别是:山奈酚-3,7-O-α-L-二鼠李糖甙和槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖7-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙。     

黑叶菝葜中甾体皂甙成分研究

从黑叶菝葜根中首次分得５个甾体甙和１个酚甙，采用化学方法和光谱技术鉴定其结构分别为：熊果甙（Ⅰ），胡萝卜甙（Ⅱ），薯蓣皂甙元－３－Ｏ－［α－Ｌ－鼠李吡喃糖基（１－４）］－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖甙（Ⅲ），薯蓣皂甙元－３－Ｏ－［α－Ｌ－鼠李吡喃糖基（１－２）］－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖甙（Ⅳ），薯蓣皂甙（Ⅴ）和孕甾－５，１６－二烯－３β－醇－２０－酮－３－Ｏ－［α－Ｌ－鼠李吡喃糖基（１－２）］［α－Ｌ－鼠李吡喃     

藤茶素的分离和结构确定

从显齿蛇葡萄「Ａｍｐｅｌｏｐｓｉｓ ｇｒｏｓｓｅｄｅｎｔａｔａ（Ｈａｎｄ．－Ｍａｚｚ．）Ｗ．Ｔ．Ｗａｎｇ」的正丁醇提取物中分离得到一个新化合物,经光谱分析和化学方法确定为４′－羟基－３′－甲氧基异黄烷－７－Ｏ－α－Ｌ－吡喃鼠李糖甙,命名为藤茶素（ｇｒｏｓｓｅｄｅｎｔａｔａｓｉｎ）     

Features of Women''s language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Progress in Linear Scaling Non-Orthogonal Localized Molecular Orbitals Method

The non-orthogonal localized molecular orbital(NOLMO)is the most localized representation of electronic degrees of freedom.As such,NOLMOs are thus potentially the most efficient for linear scaling calculations of electronic structures for large systems.However,direct ab initio calculations with NOLMO have not been fully implemented and widely used,partly because of the slow convergence issue in the optimization of NOLMO.We devel-     

An Accurate and Universal HEOM Approach to Strongly Correlated Quantum Impurity Systems

A hierarchical equations of motion(HEOM)approach is developed for general open quantum systems coupled to fermionic environment.The HEOM method is in principle formally exact,as it resolves nonperturbatively the combined effects of many-body interaction,system-bath dissipation,and non-Markovian memory.In practice,the HEOM approach is highly accurate and efficient for the characterization of strongly correlated quantum impurity sys-     

Editorial note for the special topic on ＂Nanopore Analysis＂

The concept of nanopore analysis, using the pore-forming protein a-hemolysin to detect individual nucleic acids at a single-molecule level, was first proposed in 1996. Over the past two decades, tremendous progress has been made in the nanopore field, and nanopore analysis has become a label-free and high-throughput method for probing bio- molecules and other analytes with single-molecule sensi- tivity, especially holds the promising for ＂third generation＂ DNA sequencing. However, challenges still remain in the experimental strategies and the design of whole nanopore-based instruments. Here, we proudly present a special topic dedicated to the topic of ＂Nanopore Analysis＂, with 8 reviews/articles providing up to date coverage of the experimental strategies, theoretical calcu- lations and simulations, and instrument design. Reviews and articles on the experimental strategies cover control of DNA partitioning into a nanopore, detection of target DNA, and the advantages of nanopore-based DNA sequencing. The theoretical calculations and simulations discuss the translocation behavior of DNA, and an inte- grated measurement system and data analysis software are presented for instrument design.     

Effects of climate change on biodiversity

1 Rise of studies on climate change＇s effects on biodiversity
Until the 1980s, climate change and biodiversity were studied as two independent disciplines for more than a century. In 1992, the Ecological Society of America＇s annual report named climate change, biodiversity, and the sustainable ecological system as the three major global environmental issues of the twenty-first century [1].     

Discussing the Expansive Learning in Modern Organizations

<正>1 Introduction Endeavours on learning methods have long occupied the mind spaces of scholars and there have been theories abound on how people learn and in what way organisations can use some of the knowledge gained in the art of learning to maximise human productivity.While the theories by themselves are not solutions to problems,they are steps of inquiry that provide us with interesting perspectives that we can use to extend our knowledge of the dimensions of learning.This paper is an exploratory work on the theories postulated by three notable scholars including Zimmerman     

关于有理混合吸引子的Ciric型非唯一不动点定理

本文我们应用有理混合吸引子条件去证明具非唯一不动点的映射Ciric型的若干不动点定理.结果推广并改进已知的一些结果.     

次线性算子交换子在变指数Herz-Morrey空间上的有界性

本文主要利用给出的次线性算子分别与BMO函数及Lipschitz函数生成的交换子在变指数L~(p(·))(R~n)空间上的有界性,证明了其在变指数Herz-Morrey空间MK_(q,p(·))~α~((·)),λ(R~n)上的有界性.