Analysis on mechanism of thin film lubrication

It is an important concern to explore the properties and principles of lubrication at nano or molecular scale. For a long time, measurement apparatus for film thickness of thin film lubrication （TFL） at nano scale have been devised on the basis of superthin interferometry technique. Many experiments were carried out to study the lubrication principles of TFL by taking advantages of aforementioned techniques, in an attempt to unveil the mechanism of TFL. Comprehensive experiments were conducted to explore the distinctive characteristics of TFL. Results show that TFL is a distinctive lubrication state other than any known lubrication ones, and serves as a bridge between elastohydrodynamic lubrication （EHL） and boundary lubrication （BL）. Two main influence factors of TFL are the solid surface effects and the molecular properties of the lubricant, whose combination effects result in alignment of liquid molecules near the solid surfaces and subsequently lubrication with ordered film emerged. Results of theoretical analysis considering microstructure are consistent with experimental outcomes, thus validating the proposed mechanism.     

Preparation of electroless Ni–P composite coatings containing nano-scattered alumina in presence of polymeric surfactant

Ni–P electroless coating was applied on low carbon steel with the incorporation of different amounts of nano Al2O3 powder (ranging from 3 g/l to 30 g/l) in electroless bath. Corrosion properties and microstructures of the coating were studied. The dispersion stability of alumina colloidal particles stabilized by polymeric (non-ionic) surfactants in an electroless bath was also investigated. The surface morphology and the relevant structure were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Corrosion behavior of the coated steel was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization techniques. The results showed that increasing alumina concentration not only changed the surface morphology, but also promoted the corrosion resistance. Addition of surfactants has an indirect effect on the amount of the incorporated particles. Meanwhile, in the presence of surfactant, corrosion resistance of Ni–P coating containing even a small quantity of alumina was improved since a stabilized bath was obtained.     

Preparation and characterization of SiO2 non-catalytic nucleation coating for the solidification of undercooled melt

SiO2 non-catalytic nucleation films were coated onto a ceramic substrate and the inner surface of a ceramic crucible by the Sol-Gel method. The surface morphology of the coatings was characterized with an atomic force microscope and a scanning electronic microscope. The non-catalytic effect of the coating on the heterogeneous nucleation of metal melts was tested through measuring the nucleation undercooling. Investigation results indicated that the prepared coating could act as a baffle-wall to prevent the metal melt from nucleating heterogeneously on the inner surface of the crystalline crucible. The tiny holes with a diameter below 2 μm and heaves on the coating surface have no evident effect on the undercooling of metal melts. For a poly-layer coating, the super-layer can cover the cracks in the sub-layers, which prevents the cracks in the coating from spreading in the direction vertical to the coating layers and thus eliminates the effect of cracks on the coating.     

Study and Development of a Simulation System for Dynamic Evaluation on Man-machine Interface Design of Advanced Main Control Rooms of Nuclear Power Plants

Since the man-machine interfaces (MMI) of a main control room provide the control platform of a nuclear power plant (NPP),the development of the design quality of MMIs plays a very important role in the operation of a NPP. With the development of digital technology, the development of the advanced main control rooms (AMCRs) has become an inexorable trend. Therefore, the positive and the negative effects of AMCRs on human factors engineering need to be evaluated. For this p~, a simulation system has been studied and developed to quantitatively evaluate a MMI design from the viewpoint of human factors. The simulation system takes advantage of computer simulation technology to simulate an operating process of an interaction between operators and a MMI design under an instruction of an operation procedure of the AMCR of a NPP. Meanwhile, the necessary data are recorded for evaluation. It integrates two editors and one simulator. In the paper, the simulation system is presented in detail. Furthermore, one sample is given to show the results of each of these three subsystems.     

Improvement of corrosion performance of 316L stainless steel via PVTMS/henna thin film

Metallic materials are the most used materials as orthopedic or dental implants due to their excellent mechanical properties. However they are not able to create a natural bonding with the mineralized bone and occasionally suffer localized corrosion. This work describes the electrochemical behavior of a hybrid sol–gel thin film with the addition of green inhibitor. These films enhance the ability of the implant to make a union with the existing bone and improve its resistance to aggressive environment. An ethanol solution of the polymerized vinyltrimethoxysilane (PVTMS) was mixed with an aqueous solution of henna extract (Lawsonia inermis) and refluxed to give homogeneous sols. Nanostructure hybrid PVTMS/henna thin films were deposited on the stainless steel 316L by spin-coating. The morphology, composition and adhesion of hybrid sol–gel coatings have been examined by SEM, EDX and pull-off test, respectively. Addition of high additive concentrations (0.1%) did not disorganize the sol–gel network. Direct pull-off test recorded a mean coating-substrate bonding strength larger than 20.6 MPa for the hybrid sol–gel coating. The effect of henna extract, with various added concentrations from 0.012% to 0.1%, on the anticorrosion properties of sol–gel films have been characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization tests in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution and has been compared to the bare metal. Henna extract additions (0.05%) have significantly increased the corrosion protection of the sol–gel thin film to higher than 90%. The in vitro bioactivity of prepared films indicates that hydroxyapatite nuclei can form and grow on the surface of the doped sol–gel thin films. The present study shows that due to their excellent anticorrosion properties, bioactivity and bonding strength to substrate, doped sol–gel thin films are practical hybrid films in biomedical applications.     

Acoustic band gaps of two-dimensional three-component composite

Numerical analyses of the band-gaps in the two-dimensional three-component periodic composite are presented in this paper. The three-component composite is composed of an array of coated cylinders embedded in a resin. The coated cylinder consists of a hard inner core and a soft coating, which has much smaller wave velocity and mass density than the matrix and the inner material. The calculated band gaps appear in a lower frequency domain in contrast to the two-component counterpart composite because of the localized resonance in the elastically soft coating ring. The influence of the properties of the different coating materials and the geometry of the crystal on the band gaps is also investigated.     

Chemically robust carbon nanotube – PTFE superhydrophobic thin films with enhanced ability of wear resistance

A chemically robust superhydrophobic nanocomposite thin film with enhanced wear resistance is prepared from a composite comprising polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) and carbon nanotubes.The superhydrophobic thin films with hierarchical structure are fabricated by spraying an environmentally friendly aqueous dispersion containing carbon nanotubes and PTFE resin on silicon wafer.Thin films with a contact angle of 154.1°± 2° and a sliding angle less than 2° remain superhydrophobic after abrading over 500 times under a pressure of 50 g/cm~2.The thin film is also extremely stable even under much stress conditions.To further the understanding of the enhancement of wear resistance,we investigated the formation of microsized structure and their effects.The growth of microbumps is caused by attracting solution droplet to the hydrophilic islands on hydrophobic surface.     

Eccentricity Effects on the Crushing History and Energy Absorption of Metal Tubes Collapsed in Concertina Mode

The classical problem of a round metal tube collapsing in concertina mode when subjected to axial compressive loading has been reexamined both theoretically and experimentally. The model including an eccentricity factor proposed by Wierzbicki et al. and modified by Singace et al. has been taken one step further to obtain the real load-displacement history and to investigate eccentricity effects. The influence of the eccentricity parameter m on the mean crushing load was discussed according to the present analysis.Experiments were carried out to verify the eccentricity effects. The results show that experimental and theoretical load-displacement curves match perfectly, especially in terms of half wavelength. Unlike previous researchs, the results suggest that m is not a fixed value and may affect energy absorption.     

Cathodic micro-arc electrodeposition of yttrium stabilized zirconia （YSZ） coatings on FeCrAI alloy

The formation of ceramic coatings on metal substrate by cathodic electrolytic deposition (CELD) has received more attention in recent years. But only thin filmscan be prepared via CELD. Yttrium stabilized zirconia (YSZ) ceramic coatings were deposited on FeCrAI alloy by a novel technique--cathodic micro-arc electrodeposition (CMED).The result shows that, when a high pulse electric field is applied to the cathode which was pre-deposited with a thin YSZ film, dielectric breakdown occurs and micro-arc discharges appear. Coatings with reasonably thickness of-300μm and crystalline structure can be deposited on the cathode by utilizing the energy of the micro-arc. The thickness of the as-deposited coating is dominated by the voltage and the frequency. Y2O3 is co-deposited with ZrO2 when Y(NO3)3 was added to the electrolyte, which stabilize t-phase, t′-phase and c-phase of ZrO2 at room temperature. The amount of the m-ZrO2 in the coating is diminished by increasing the concentration of Y(NO3)3 in the electrolyte.This report describes the processing of CMED and studies the microstructure of the deposited YSZ coatings.     

Formation and tribology properties of polyfluoroalkylmethacrylate film on the magnetic head surface

A polyfiuoroalkylmethacrylate （PFAM） film has been coated on the surface of the magnetic head by a dipping coating method to modify the surface properties. The films were characterized by means of a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer （TOF-SIMS）, contact angle measurement and atomic force microscopy （AFM）. The results indicate that the concentration of the solution is the main factor affecting the thickness, contact angle and surface topography of the film. The magnetic head with the PFAM film at a concentration of 500 ppm exhibits the best tribology properties, and the stiction between the magnetic head and the disk is no more than 2.4 g after 20000 contact start stop （CSS） cycles. Therefore, a fully covered PFAM film with few defects helps improve the tribology properties of the magnetic head, and decrease the adsorbed contaminant on the magnetic head surface.     

硅铝包覆钛白粉水悬浮液pH值调控规律

研究了钛白粉经过氧化硅、氧化铝包膜后的水悬浮液pH值和颗粒表面电位特性的变化。实验获得连续、均匀、致密的无机氧化物膜状包覆,膜层厚度随包覆量增加而增加。根据国家标准GB/T1706—2006中的测定方法,将包膜后钛白粉制成质量分数为10%的悬浮液,检测悬浮液pH值随包覆量的变化。结果表明:钛白粉经氧化硅和氧化铝表面包膜处理后,水悬浮液pH值偏离中性;包氧化硅后钛白粉悬浮液呈碱性,随包覆量增加,pH值增高直至pH9.7;包氧化铝后钛白粉悬浮液呈酸性,随包覆量增加,pH值降低直至pH4.4。颗粒表面包覆量对颗粒表面的ζ电位的影响与pH值相似。通过对包硅产品进行微量包铝、或对包铝产品进行微量包硅能够有效调控最终包覆产品水悬浮液的pH值。     

氢氧化钠刻蚀多孔氧化铝表面形貌与疏水性能相关关系

以多孔阳极氧化铝(AAO)膜为基材,用氢氧化钠溶液进行化学腐蚀,控制适当的条件,得到了不同形貌的AAO基氧化铝表面.采用氟硅烷修饰后,对其进行了接触角测试、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)形貌表征.结果表明:刻蚀过程中,AAO膜多孔表面层及多孔本体层中孔壁较薄的部分首先被溶断,样品干燥过程中,在水的表面张力的作用下形成了沟壑状微米级狭长裂缝.当AAO膜本体层大部分孔壁被溶断后,就形成了氧化铝纳米线.在其自身重力及水的表面张力的作用下,氧化铝纳米线聚积成微米级簇状结构,从而形成蜂巢状微米纳米相结合的双尺度阶层结构.这种蜂巢状结构修饰氟硅烷后,其对水的静态接触角(151.7°)远远高于氟硅烷修饰的纳米孔洞结构表面(138.3°)和光滑表面(101°).     

银锌复合透明抗菌薄膜的制备及其性能研究

采用sol—gel法，以正硅酸乙酯（Si（OC2H5）4）作为反应的前驱体，硝酸锌、硝酸银为抗菌活性成分，柠檬酸为配合剂，无水乙醇为溶剂，HNO3为催化剂，通过浸渍提拉法在普通的玻璃基片上制备银锌复合薄膜，用扫描电镜（SEM）和紫外可见光谱（UV-Vis）对薄膜进行了表征，抑菌圈法评价银锌复合薄膜的抗菌性能，结果表明：透明的银锌复合薄膜具有优良的抗菌性能。     

包膜剂添加方式对钛白粉包覆铝膜的影响

以TiCl_4气相氧化的钛白粉颗粒作为实验原料,通过钛白粉表面包覆水合氧化铝膜的包膜剂添加方式的研究,分析了包膜剂添加方式对钛白粉包覆铝膜的机理、过程pH变化、成膜晶型结构、表面形貌、比表面积和吸油量的影响。实验表明,顺流法、并流法和逆流法三种包膜剂添加方式形成水合氧化铝薄膜的化学反应、沉淀pH、晶型结构、表面形貌、比表面积和吸油量不同。并流法形成光滑、致密、均匀的勃姆石水合氧化铝薄膜,有利于降低比表面积和吸油量,提高钛白粉的颜料性能。     

PEG/WCl6添加比例对WO3薄膜形貌及气敏特性的影响

以氯化钨(WCl₆)、无水乙醇(C₂H₅OH)和二甲基甲酰胺(C₃H₇NO)为前驱体,以聚乙二醇(PEG-1000)为造孔剂,采用非水解溶胶-凝胶法制备WO₃多孔薄膜,考察了PEG与WCl₆添加比例对薄膜形貌结构和气敏特性的影响.结果表明,在PEG与WCl₆添加比例为0.5时可获得形貌均一、孔隙率高、比表面积大的WO₃多孔薄膜.所获WO₃薄膜具有单一的单斜晶系结构,主要由直径为20~60nm的纳米颗粒所构成.气敏特性研究结果表明,WO₃多孔薄膜呈现n型半导体特性,在最佳工作温度100℃时表现出对NO₂良好的气敏性能;WO₃薄膜的成膜机理表明,造孔剂PEG-1000引导无机材料形成高孔隙率和高比表面积的三维多孔薄膜结构,该多孔结构有望作为NO₂气体的潜在气敏材料.     

石墨烯银纳米线透明导电薄膜的制备进展

透明导电薄膜是触摸器件以及液晶显示器等的重要组成部分，制备透明导电薄膜的材料主要有金属氧化物、导电聚合物、碳材料、金属材料和复合材料等。其中，一维银纳米线和二维石墨烯材料制备透明导电薄膜具有光电性能优异、化学性能稳定和柔韧性好等特点，有望应用于柔性电子设备中。介绍了石墨烯银纳米线透明导电薄膜常用的制备方法：旋涂法、真空抽滤法、棒涂法、喷涂法、滴涂法等5种以及各种制备方法的优缺点；总结了石墨烯银纳米线复合薄膜的应用领域；展望了石墨烯银纳米线透明导电薄膜的发展前景。     

222Rn/220Rn绝对测量小闪烁室的ZnS(Ag)涂层厚度确定

ZnS(Ag)涂层厚度会影响222 Rn/220 Rn绝对测量小闪烁室的探测效率.用241 Amα电镀参考源对厚度为10 mg/cm2的ZnS(Ag)涂层α探测效率进行了实验验证.分别采用解析方法与MCNP模拟方法计算了相对立体角修正因子,讨论了空气层对α粒子的吸收修正,分析了不确定度来源.实验结果表明,10 mg/cm2 ZnS(Ag)涂层对α粒子的探测效率在102.4%～103.1%之间,不确定度小于5.44%.在实验不确定度范围内,可认为其对α粒子的探测效率为100%.实验证明了222Rn/220Rn绝对测量小闪烁室内采用10 mg/cm2厚的ZnS(Ag)涂层是可行的.     

Mg0.1Zn0.9O薄膜制备和光学性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶技术在石英衬底上制备了Mg0.1Zn0.9O薄膜并研究了退火温度对薄膜结构、形貌和光学性能的影响.XRD结果表明,所有薄膜均呈六角钎锌矿结构,当退火温度高于700℃时,薄膜结晶质量变差;AFM结果显示,随退火温度升高,晶粒尺寸增大,当退火温度高于700℃时,薄膜表面出现团聚颗粒;UV-Vis结果表明,所有薄膜均在紫外区存在较强带边吸收,随退火温度升高吸收边红移;PL谱显示,所有薄膜均存在较强的紫外发射峰,随着退火温度升高,紫外发射峰逐渐红移且在700℃退火处理下紫外发射最强.     

鉴频中周失谐对鉴频特性的影响

分析了集成峰值鉴频器的工作原理，得出鉴频中周失谐的原因是内置的配谐瓷管电容容量的衰减。衰减机理是该电容内外表面的银涂覆层受空气中硫化氢的侵蚀，局部或大面积生成硫化银而变黑，电极的有效面积减小，导致电容量减小。改进配谐瓷管电容生产工艺，在内外层圆柱型银的表面加保护层可有效防止中周失谐。     

PMMA/TiO2纳米复合粒子的制备及初步应用研究

采用原位乳液聚合法，用经硅烷偶联剂处理过的纳米TiO₂，与MMA单体混合，合成PMMA/TiO₂纳米复合粒子。探讨了TiO₂表面改性机理， 并用TG、IR、DSC等对产物进行了表征，表明纳米TiO₂被包覆在聚合物PMMA中。将复合粒子加入紫外光固化涂料，制得复合涂膜。由原子力显微镜照片分析，制备的PMMA/ TiO₂复合粒子平均粒径约为75nm。分别在涂膜中添加等量的纳米TiO₂和PMMA/ TiO₂纳米复合粒子，制成两张复合涂膜，比较发现PMMA/ TiO₂纳米复合粒子在涂膜中的分散情况优于纳米TiO₂，呈现良好的纳米级分散，明显改善了TiO₂与涂膜的相容性，从而提高了涂膜的硬度及涂膜与基材的附着力。