机器人足球策略的研究

RoboCup是研究动态不可预测环境中的多智能体系统的典型平台．在RoboCup仿真比赛中,机器人整体团队协作和局部对抗规划都是比赛成功的关键．对于团队协作,应用面向对象的方法分析了机器人足球队员的角色特点,部署了不同队员的踢球策略．在射门对抗规划中,分析了球员射门时几个关键性的影响因素,并参考这些因素设计和应用一个关键性的射门函数．实践证明了在实时比赛环境中,整体结构和局部策略的有效性．     

多智能体的竞争合作策略

以RoboCup(机器人世界杯足球锦标赛)中的仿真组作为平台,研究复杂环境中的多智能体的竞争和合作问题。首先通过对手建模的方法,分析对手的弱点或漏洞,并采取相应的策略,可以使智能体团队更加有效地自主决策,使其行动具有高度的针对性和目的性;接着分析多智能体之间的信息共享,通过压缩编码和选择性信息共享提高智能体之间的合作;最后对基于战术的局部合作策略进行分析,通过对战术的设计来实现智能体之间的局部配合,并根据场上局势的变化做出相应的调整。将该方法应用到2004年中国机器人大赛中,取得了冠军的好成绩,证明该方法确实有效。     

基于注意机制的改进人工势场的机器人路径规划

人工势场法是机器人路径规划中应用较多的一种方法,但方法在障碍物较多时由于势场合力不容易控制而常常出现机器人陷入势场陷阱中。足球机器人比赛系统场上敌我状态复杂,加上动态变化的场上环境,对实时性要求很高。本文对注意机制在机器人足球比赛中的应用进行研究,根据比赛平台模型的特点并从能量角度将场上的引力和斥力转化成特定的关于能量的数学表达式,将其和注意机制相结合,提出新的改进人工市场的方法。基于注意机制的改进人工势场算法,将原有的合力势场变成重力势场,使机器人自主规划前进路线。最后本文使用仿真方法证明该方法的可行性。     

基于MATLAB Robotics工具箱的SCARA机器人轨迹规划与仿真

为研究SCARA机器人的轨迹规划,在MATLAB环境下,对该机器人运动学参数进行了设计,利用Robotics toolbox工具箱编制了简单的程序语句,建立该机器人运动学模型,讨论了标准D-H参数和改进D-H参数建模方法的区别,并对机器人的轨迹规划进行了仿真.通过仿真,直观地显示了机器人关节的运动,得到了连续平滑的机器人关节角度轨迹曲线.仿真实验表明,所设计的运动学参数是正确的,从而达到了预定的目标.该工具箱可以对机器人进行图形仿真,分析真实机器人控制时的数据结果,对机器人的研究开发具有较高的经济实用价值.     

基于SCS的四足仿生机器人运动仿真平台

SCS(Simulation Construction Set)是Yobotics公司开发的对机械设备、仿生机械系统等复杂的多刚体系统进行运动仿真的软件包.基于SCS开发出一套面向四足仿生机器人的专用运动仿真平台,包括四足仿生机器人机构建模、基于VMC(Virtual Model Control)的动力学建模、地面接触模型及环境建模和数据处理模块设计.利用该仿真平台对一款16自由度四足仿生机器人的动态行走进行了仿真.结果表明:仿真过程流畅、快速、机器人行走平稳,验证了该仿真平台的实用性和可靠性.     

智能体机器人足球比赛模拟系统

【目的】实体机器人足球比赛系统成本高、技术难度大,而智能体(Agent)机器人模拟足球比赛系统可以为实体机器人足球比赛系统的设计提供参考。【方法】根据实体机器人的特点,用智能体模拟实体机器人,将机器人足球比赛的控制算法建立在智能体上,对智能体设置运动速度、射门速度、能量、避碰等能力及意图,再利用网络技术,建立一个多种影响参数的足球机器人比赛模拟系统。【结果】该系统能有效按研究者设定的参数(条件)进行比赛,比赛结果与实际基本相符。【结论】智能体足球机器人比赛模拟系统不仅可以作为实体机器人足球比赛的模拟平台,还可以作为实体机器人足球比赛策略和相关参数的研究平台。     

对抗环境下足球机器人路径规划

在RoboCup中型组足球机器人比赛环境下,实现机器人实时、有效的路径规划是赢得比赛的重要前提.充分考虑到足球机器人比赛中实时性和对抗性的特点,采用具有实时性优势的人工势场法,并综合考虑障碍物、目标点以及机器人之间相对位置和相对速度的关系,提出一种相对威胁系数的概念.该系数能够反映比赛中双方机器人实际对抗的强弱程度.将相对威胁系数应用到传统的人工势场中,形成一种新的改进型人工势场法,较好地解决了对抗环境下机器人路径规划中一些实时性、有效性的问题.仿真实验验证了所提出算法在足球机器人比赛系统中具有可行性.将该算法应用于交龙足球机器人上,在实际比赛中取得了较好的成绩.     

智能灭火机器人的设计与实现方法研究

灭火机器人设计主要目的是在火场危险环境下代替人类寻找火源并进行灭火工作,以降低救火时人员伤亡,并提高灭火效率.基于国际赛制机器人灭火比赛规则,自主设计一款智能灭火机器人,包括硬件、软件设计,并设计了多种关键策略,对软硬件系统进行改进,如PID参数的智能计算等,并且选择多种比赛模式.该机器人能有效避免过冲及沿墙行走出现S轨迹等一系列缺陷,灭火速度快、成功率高.     

仿鼠脑海马的机器人地图构建与路径规划方法

针对移动机器人在非结构化环境下的导航任务,根据哺乳动物海马体空间细胞的认知机理,提出了一种仿鼠脑海马的机器人情景认知地图构建及路径规划方法.在机器人情景记忆建模过程中集成位置细胞与网格细胞神经元活动机制,建立机器人空间环境情景认知地图,采取状态神经元集合序列全局路径规划策略,在记忆空间以自我为参考,通过事件再配置预测并规划最优情景轨迹.实验结果表明:该方法能够生成精确的情景认知地图,并且基于目标导航能够规划一条最佳路径.     

基于有穷自动机的自然语言状态转换

针对Robocup自主机器人比赛中,机器人进攻和防守状态、动作转换延迟问题,采用一种基于有穷自动机模型的自然语言状态转换方法,把机器人、环境等自然语言信息抽象成形式化的符号和状态,并转化为有穷自动机输入符号.通过设定状态转移函数、字母表规则、无差别地完成各种状态转换过程.研究结果表明:该方法能有效地完成自然语言状态下的机器人状态、动作间的转换,具有较好的实时性和可靠性.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.