基于超声纵波的新型容器压力检测方法

压力容器是一种常见的工业设备,为了保证生产过程的顺利进行,经常需要检测它们的压力。根据弹塑性力学和薄膜理论,分析了容器受力。超声波在介质中的传播速度受到应力的影响,而圆筒容器应力与压力存在固定的函数关系,因此,以应力为中间变量,推导了纵波传播速度与压力之间的关系公式。针对纵波速度不易直接测量的难题,采用了广义互相关算法测量超声波在一定距离内的传播时间变化量,最终建立了纵波测压模型。实验结果验证了测量方法的正确性和测量装置的可用性。     

一种高精度超声波测距方法的研究

介绍了超声波在空气中的传播原理,分析了超声波测距产生测量误差的主要原因,即环境温度变化引起速度的变化,回波前沿的确定偏差引起测量时间的误差是引起测距误差的主要原因.提出通过温度测量修正传播速度,应用双比较器整形结合软件查找回波前沿以提高空气中测量精度的方法.在此基础上,设计了相应的超声波测距系统并与单比较器测量系统进行了对比实验,研究表明,双比较器整形方法能够有效的提高测量精度,而且相对其他高精度超声波测距方法,该方法电路简单.图4,表2,参8.     

不同条件下花岗岩中声波传播速度的规律

应用超声波混凝土测试仪(TICO),系统研究了含水率、裂纹、应力和温度对花岗岩内波速传播的影响.实验发现含水率对波速影响比较大,饱和岩样的声波传播速度高于不饱和岩样的声波传播速度;人工预制裂纹对声波传播速度影响不大;单轴压缩条件下,声波传播速度随应变增加逐渐降低;在同一温度(160℃)下,波速随保温时间的增加而逐渐降低;在对岩样逐渐加热情况下,初始加热阶段波速略有升高,当温度达到60℃时,岩样波速达到峰值,之后随着温度继续升高其波速逐渐下降;波速随温度变化具有一定的尺寸效应.实验结果表明,声波在岩石内传播速度受很多外在因素影响,并具有一定的传播规律.     

一种动态社交网络上的传播源点定位方法

在线社交网络的拓扑会随时间而发生改变,使得确定潜在的传播源点非常困难.为此,提出一种考虑网络动态变化的传播源点定位方法,通过对网络演化建模,推断传播拓扑,从而准确定位信息源点.首先采用基于双曲几何学的链接分析方法,推断网络在传播过程中的拓扑变化,然后基于传播拓扑进行源点定位.在实际网络及合成网络上进行了大规模的实验,结果证明了算法的可行性.     

基于TDOA的超声波测距误差分析与改进

基于TDOA的超声波测距模型认为距离为声波的速度与时间差之积,忽略了温度等因素对速度的影响,此外,系统计时的误差影响了时间差测量,导致测距精度不高.分析了基于TDOA原理的超声波测距系统误差的主要来源,建立模型,通过实验对温度、距离衰减及时间差测量进行补偿,利用超声波反射特性对障碍物进行测距,并利用多探头在一定程度上削...     

基于全相位的超声波流量计时延估计

针对在实际的超声波传输时间的测量中,接收波形起始点不能确定,导致脉冲计数不准的问题,提出全相位相位差时延估计方法,根据全相位的"时不变特性"得到超声波信号的时延估计。首先分别对超声波正逆程信号做全相位频谱分析,根据频谱分析的结果计算出正逆程信号的相位差,再根据相位差与时间差的关系推导出时间差,得到超声波信号的时延估计。当超声波流量计的基波频率为1 MHz,采样频率为12. 5 MHz,采样点数为507,A/D采样位数为11位时,用该算法分别求超声波大流量数据、干扰数据、静态水数据的时间差,实验结果表明,该时延估计方法能有效地减小超声波传输时间的测量误差,测量误差分别约为33、44、6. 5 ns,比数据延拓式相关法的时间差测量精度高,从而提高超声波流量计的流量测量精度。     

基于全相位的超声信号的时延估计

针对在实际的超声波传输时间的测量中,接收波形起始点不能确定,导致脉冲计数不准的问题,提出全相位相位差时延估计方法,该方法根据全相位的“时不变特性”得到超声波信号的时延估计。首先分别对超声波正逆程信号做全相位频谱分析,根据频谱分析的结果计算出正逆程信号的相位差,再根据相位差与时间差的关系推导出时间差,得到超声波信号的时延估计。当超声波流量计的基波频率为1 Mhz,采样频率为12.5 Mhz,采样点数为507,A/D采样位数为11位时,用该算法分别求超声波大流量数据、干扰数据、静态水数据的时间差,实验结果表明,该时延估计方法能有效地减小超声波传输时间的测量误差,测量误差分别约为33 ns、44 ns、6.5 ns,比数据延拓式相关法的时间差测量精度高,从而提高超声波流量计的流量测量精度。     

基于超声波声衰减的甲烷浓度测量方法

依据混合气体中的声衰减系数随气体成分改变而变化的特性,研究了声波的衰减与介质本身性质的关系,提出了甲烷浓度的声衰减检测方法.通过测量超声波在不同介质中的声衰减强度,建立甲烷浓度与声衰减系数的数学模型,并结合测量电路实现对检测方法的验证.实验结果表明,在甲烷浓度比较低时,超声波接收探头测量出的声衰减系数与甲烷浓度呈线性关系.浓度相对误差小于2%,符合国家测量标准,可推广到其他气体浓度检测中.     

超声波CT在桥梁T型梁质量检测中的应用

超声波CT是利用超声波在测试目标体中的传播时间,重建弹性波速度分布的一种无损检测方法.通过使用专用设备记录超声波从震源到接收探头之间的传播时间,并据此进行波速计算、反演等,通过分析软件分析构件内声波传播速度的分布特征,间接获得构件强度以及构件内部均匀性等信息.此方法在大型混凝土构件无损检测中进行了实际应用,与其它测试手段相比,超声波CT测试技术具有较高的工作效率、精度且测试结果直观.该方法不仅可以进行构件缺陷检测,结合同批次混凝土制作试块的室内单轴抗压强度试验结果,还可以对构件进行强度评价,是大型混凝土构件中缺陷普查的首选方法.     

微小运动放大及其在超声波传播中的应用

针对在具有复杂残余应力的材料中超声波传播视频信号极其微弱、难以看清其传播过程的问题,采用微小运动放大方法揭示超声波传播视频中人眼难以看见的微小运动,研究了线性欧拉视频放大方法(EVM)和基于相位的视频运动放大方法(PBVM)在超声波传播中的应用.提出了基于可操纵金字塔的微小运动放大方法,通过对一段标准视频序列进行可操纵金字塔空间分解、时域滤波,放大得到的信号以揭示微小的运动.实验结果表明:该方法在图像噪声方面比EVM更不敏感,在计算时间方面该方法比PBVM用时更短.对EVM,PBVM和本方法进行了对比验证,并在超声波传播视频中进行了应用,效果良好.提出的方法也可应用于机械和结构的状态检测中.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.