基于自适应采样速率交互式概率数据关联的机动目标跟踪算法

在交互式多模型和概率数据关联算法融合的基础上,又将自适应采样速率算法融合到交互式多模型概率数据关联滤波器中,提出了自适应采样速率交互式概率数据关联算法,该算法不但能有效地跟踪高速机动的目标,且能使系统的采样间隔根据目标的运动状态做自适应调整. 仿真结果表明该算法扩大了机动目标的跟踪范围,且对高速机动的目标有很好的跟踪效果和较强的跟踪精度.     

基于模糊逻辑和机动检测的AGIMM跟踪算法

针对机动目标高机动和多阶段运动的特性,单模型跟踪算法难以实现精确跟踪的问题,提出一种基于模糊逻辑和机动检测的AGIMM跟踪算法。考虑现有的AGIMM算法网格模型收敛速度慢和机动检测方法过于依赖模型后验概率的问题,首先引入模糊逻辑算法计算机动检测的可信度,然后利用机动检测可信度信息、目标的机动信息和模型的后验概率调整跟踪模型集的结构,克服了AGIMM算法模型收敛速度慢的不足,实现了模型与目标运动模式的快速匹配。仿真结果表明:与AGIMM算法和固定结构交互式多模型算法相比,文中提出的算法使得不同条件下的位置跟踪误差分别至少降低5.6%和15.1%,说明该算法具有更快的模型收敛速度和更高的目标跟踪精度。     

自适应模型集交互式多模型算法

针对交互式多模型(IMM)算法的目标跟踪精度问题,提出了一种自适应模型集IMM算法.利用IMM算法中的模型概率含义,并以此对模型集的收缩比例因子进行设计,这样模型集通过向中心模型收敛可完成自适应调整,而自适应调整过程能有效、实时地利用观测信息.仿真实验结果表明,所提算法能有效跟踪机动目标,而且比IMM算法的跟踪精度更高,但其受到目标机动模型的先验性的限制.     

基于交互式多模型Kalman滤波的手势跟踪算法研究

针对任意变形手势跟踪过程中,手势运动轨迹方向发生改变时,传统滤波跟踪算法跟踪精度迅速下降的问题,提出了一种基于交互式多模型Kalman滤波的改进型手势跟踪算法。该算法在传统非机动状态空间模型的基础上增添了两个机动模型,以更加准确的描述手势的状态空间。首先采用三个不同模型分别描述不同的目标运行模式;同时,以模型匹配似然函数为基础更新模型概率;最终组合所有滤波器修正后的状态估计值以得到最优状态估计。实验对比结果表明,该算法能够取得较高地跟踪精度。     

基于期望极大化算法的转弯机动目标跟踪

针对目标做转弯机动时产生的运动模式的不确定性问题，提出了基于期望极大化（EM）算法的转弯机动目标跟踪算法，采用转弯速率来描述目标的转弯机动，并将转弯速率作为待估量，用EM算法对转弯速率序列进行估计，从而获得对目标状态的精确估计．最后，给出了该算法的批处理形式和递推形式．新算法有效地提高了目标的跟踪精度．Monte—Carlo仿真表明，与标准的交互式多模型算法相比，批处理EM算法使目标的位置和速度的跟踪精度提高了70％以上，当转弯速率处于稳态时，递推EM算法使目标的位置和速度的跟踪精度提高了20％以上．     

稳健的交互多模型转移概率选择算法

交互多模算法(IMM)是机动目标跟踪中最常使用的方法之一,但其计算量大、过程较复杂.针对交互多模型转移概率矩阵选取问题,结合目标机动检测理论,提出稳健的交互多模型转移概率选择算法.该方法通过判别机动和非机动目标,确定转移概率矩阵主对角线元素值,并进行了仿真实验.结果显示,新方法简便可靠,提高了总体的滤波效果.     

目标机动性未知时的多平台交互式多模型融合算法

多平台的交互式多模型（IMM）Kalman滤波器是一种比较有效的机动目标跟踪估计方法．但当目标存在未知机动时,基于模型的估计器的精度就会下降．目标跟踪中的输入估计技术可对未知机动性进行估计．本文在给出过程噪声和量测噪声相关情况下最小方差无偏（MVU）输入、状态滤波估计的基础上,提出了基于上述滤波器的分布式IMM多传感器多平台融合算法．仿真表明了该算法的有效性．     

杂波环境下机动输入序列和量测序列的联合最优估计

为了提高在杂波环境下跟踪机动目标的精度,提出了一种新的基于期望极大化（EM）算法的机动目标状态估计方法,首先建立了基于EM算法的最大后验概率意义下的状态估计数学模型,然后采用离散优化技术解决EM算法中的极大化问题,最终确定出作用于系统的实际机动输入序列,同时分离出源于目标的量测序,进而获得对目标状态更精确的估计,它有效地解决了最大后验概率状态估计中的不完全数据问题,Monte-Carlo仿真结果表明,新算法比传统的交互式多模型概率数据关联算法具有更优越的跟踪性能。     

基于多模型与滚动时域估计的机动目标跟踪算法

针对受限于已知物理约束的机动目标,提出了一种目标跟踪算法。针对机动目标的不同运动模式,采用多模型组合的方法进行了近似;针对目标的已知物理约束,采用滚动时域估计方法进行处理,并将其作为状态估计的先验信息来提高估计精度;最终通过设计多模型结构的状态估计演化方程、改进滚动时域估计的误差协方差矩阵更新公式,给出了一种多模型结构与滚动时域估计相结合的机动目标跟踪算法。仿真结果表明:该算法与自适应卡尔曼滤波(AKF)、交互式多模型(IMM)算法相比,可以对具有物理约束的机动目标进行更好的跟踪。     

基于跑滑系统约束的航空器滑行跟踪算法

为解决大型机场场面易冲突的问题,研究了将基于跑滑系统和管制约束的变结构多模型算法应用于机场场面目标的跟踪.本文首先建立了复杂跑滑结构下的数学建模方法、跑滑结构约束下跟踪状态修正方法和基于管制指令约束的航空器与跑滑系统的自适应匹配方法.与传统场面目标跟踪不同,本文利用跑滑系统和管制指令约束的最大后验概率估计来激活和终止模型集,进而解决机场场面航空器跟踪过程中模型集切换和路段匹配问题.基于上述方法,本文通过结合最大后验概率估计提出了一种新的交互式多模型算法,改善了场面目标的跟踪性能.仿真结果表明:与交互式多模型算法和变结构交互式多模型算法相比,本文所提出的方法能有效地跟踪机场场面目标,显著提高了跟踪精度.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme     

WIMAX与WI-FI技术分析及联合组网

介绍了WiMAX与Wi-Fi两种无线宽带接入技术,并对两者之间的关系及相互之间的影响做了对比及分析,并对WiMAX的关键技术进行了详细说明,最后对两者的联合组网方式做了简单的探讨。