南京市绿地结构变化的遥感监测及驱动力分析

城市绿地景观是城市自然生态系统的主要组成部分.其数量、结构与城市发展和生态环境质量有着极其重要的关系.通过对南京市1988年、2000年和2002年3个时段的Landsat/TM遥感影像加工处理,将绿地景观分为生态绿化用地和农业用地,并通过景观指数的方法对其在15年间的景观格局和动态进行分析.结果表明:1988-2000年,南京市绿地景观总面积增加9.60%,斑块数减少,平均斑块面积增加,斑块形状趋向简单.聚集程度增加,总体破碎程度下降.而不同绿地景观类型变化不同:农业用地面积增加12.80%,在城区外围大规模聚集分布,破碎程度较低;生态绿化用地面积减少3.60%,小面积斑块数量大幅减少,景观形状变得更加规则,主要生态绿化用地斑块形成"孤岛"分布,破碎度呈下降趋势,景观异质性和多样性下降,绿地生态质量下降.与2000年比较,2002年城市生态绿地面积减少0.63%,农业用地减少14.60%,生态绿地景观趋向于面积较大的斑块数量减少和景观破碎化程度增加.城市绿地景观格局变化的主要原因是南京市城市化进程的加快以及城市所处自然环境变化的影响.     

对屋顶绿化的思考

屋顶绿化是一种重要的立体绿化手段,对建筑密度大、人口集中、园林绿化用地有限的城市来说,无疑是提高城市绿地覆盖率、增加绿量的有效途径之一.     

城市土地利用的热环境效应研究——以宁波城区为例

选取宁波城区为研究对象,利用高分辨率的QUICKBIRD多光谱影像数据与Landsat ETM 热红外波段数据探求城市地区土地利用类型的热环境效应。采用剖面分析方法表征宁波城区的热环境空间分异状况;通过热环境效应总体贡献指数与面积加权贡献指数定量分析各种土地利用类型对城市热环境的正负效应。结果表明宁波城区存在热岛效应,建设用地内部地表温度差异明显;工矿仓储用地、平房住宅、交通运输用地、未利用地与公共建筑用地对宁波城区热环境效应具有正向贡献,其中工矿仓储用地最为明显;水域、农用地、生活居住用地和城市绿地对于城市热环境效应具有减缓作用,其中水域最为显著。     

基于生态绿当量的玛纳斯河流域土地利用优化

绿当量核算方法为评价土地利用生态效益提供了统一性标准,实现了不同用地之间生态功能的定量分析和模型计算,可为土地利用优化提供生态化解决方案。运用生态系统理论及生态绿当量方法,设计干旱区土地覆被类型的生态功能评分标准,测算土地利用类型变化的当量分值,同时评估生态绿当量的理想状态。结果表明:(1)2000-2010年间,玛纳斯河流域绿当量比率均小于1,土地利用的生态效益趋于降低,需增加4873.3km2当量面积才能使绿当量比率达到1的标准值。(2)上游山区当量面积小但绿当量较大,应以保护和修复现有覆盖的生态功能为主;中游绿洲城市区应以增加城市绿地面积和景观功能为主;中下游绿洲农区是当量面积最大、绿当量值最小的核心,需通过土地整理和修复,重建生态功能。因此可知,生态绿当量模型对于干旱区土地利用优化具有一定的实用性,特别适用于探讨时空尺度的土地利用结构优化及调整问题。     

基于多功能景观服务的城市绿地服务半径研究——以包头市为例

城市绿地是城市"社会-经济-自然"复合生态系统的重要组成部分,城市绿地承担着越来越多的生态、经济和社会功能.本文根据多功能景观服务的概念,以内蒙古包头市建成区为研究区,选取城市绿地提供的缓解热岛效应、休闲休憩和避灾3种景观服务,对城市绿地的服务半径进行研究.结果表明:包头市城市绿地景观服务半径覆盖较好,但仍然有一些城区无法获得城市绿地提供的服务;将多功能景观服务用于研究城市绿地服务半径是一种可行的方法,为评价城市绿地质量提供了一种新的思路.     

基于集权模式的城市应急联动系统的研究

介绍了城市生态园林的概念内涵及其生态功能,提出了建设城郊一体化的大范围园林、改善城市布局和城市绿地布局、改良城市绿量结构、合理应用植物的城市生态园林建设建议。     

论城市生态园林建设

介绍了城市生态园林的概念内涵及其生态功能,提出了建设城郊一体化的大范围园林、改善城市布局和城市绿地布局、改良城市绿量结构、合理应用植物的城市生态园林建设建议。     

金华市城市绿地规划的景观生态评价及其优化

城市景观生态规划的基本原则对于城市绿地系统规划具有直接的指导作用.利用这些原则,对金华市城市绿地系统规划进行了评价,指出了其优点和存在的问题,并就其问题提出了若干规划设想,以达到优化总体景观生态格局的目的.     

基于GIS的城市建设用地生态适宜性评价——以福建省连城县为例

在我国快速城市化进程中,城市建设用地盲目扩张,不仅造成土地资源的浪费,而且造成城市生态环境的破坏.本文以GIS为技术支撑,采用"取大值"原则与"成对明智比较法"加权进行因子叠加分析,对连城县进行了城市建设用地生态适宜性评价研究.以"生态优先"为原则,按照先安排非建设用地,再安排建设用地的顺序,分析确定其用地的建设适宜性等级,对研究区划分"4区".依据评价结果,提出了城市用地向中心城区西部扩展的建议.     

我国城市绿地建设存在的问题及解决方法

城市绿地作为城市中最易感知的半自然因素,具有比较突出的生态功能、社会功能以及经济效益,能够改善城市的生态环境.从创建生态城市的一体化格局,提升城市生态设计水平,加强城市绿地生物多样性保护、构建合理植物群落、提高植物配置水平等方面探讨了城市生态绿化的思路和措施.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to