王国维《人间词话》"境界论"探讨

意境理论虽然不是王国维首先提出的，但毕竟王国维在《人间词话》中比较系统地论述了境界理论。王国维的“境界论”包含三层不同含义：一是作为对艺术审美本体的概括，用来说明艺术作品的美学价值；二是用来指示诗词中描绘的景物、景象；三是用来描绘人的心理体验。作为审美本体的“境界”又可分为三对范畴：常人之境界与诗人之境界；造境与写境；有我之境与无我之境。一般认为同属于艺术本体论的“隔”与“不隔”，实际上是从风格的角度入手来判断诗词优劣的标准，而不是艺术审美本体论。     

“人问”大义与早期王国维文哲之学的归止

王国维早年本着寻求精神之形上慰藉的解脱心态，治叔本华与尼采的纯粹哲学，但叔本华与尼采其人与其学的内在张力使得王氏转向康德，“人间”大义代表了王国维哲学探求的归宿。人与人的“之间”，构成了王国维理解与刻画自己的位置的思想出发点：经世致用不过是人乎人间之内，而解脱出世亦不过是出乎人间之外。对国家、民族病理与个人性情的日益深化的思考，促使王国维一度从哲学转向文学美术。但近代特殊的社会历史，不得不使得国维从个人之解脱转而进入在具体时空直面现实而有所承担，由此而有从文哲之学到晚岁经史之学的转向。     

王国维“古雅”意蕴之考察

在王国维这里，“古雅”作为艺术形式（优美和宏壮）的一种载体，是艺术的形式因素，但不完全等同于艺术的形式。它侧重指艺术家对于艺术符号的处理形式，是艺术的整体形式的微观形式元素，就是艺术家用来传达艺术作品整体形象时进行艺术符号操作而形成的微观形式元素。“古雅”还是艺术品所体现出的一种形而上的美学价值，而“趣味”、“神”、“韵”、“气”、“味”这些东西就是“古雅”的美学价值的重要体现。’     

从境界的审美设定看王国维艺术哲学的逻辑生成

王国维的“境界说”美学实际上是一种艺术哲学。作为一种广义审美文化形态的“有意味的形式”，“境界”范畴是本体和现象的统一，即美本身与美的显现和表现的统一。本文从艺术本体论和审美辩证法两个方面，说明了王国维艺术哲学的基本特征；从现象本体化和本体现象化的双向反馈中，逻辑地考察了这种艺术哲学的合理性和现实性。     

论王国维的“境界”说

“境界”说是王国维艺术理论和美学思想的核心,与传统的“意境”理论相比,王国维更重视诗歌客观、真实、自然方面的特征。王国维还提出了关于“境界”说的几对范畴,从微观角度展示了“境界”说深刻而丰富的意蕴。     

“天人合一”观与中国诗学民族特性的形成

古代中国人以朴素的有机系统观看待宇宙，认为人与自然不可分离，是相通无碍的。这就形成了独特的“天人合一”观。儒、道、禅宗三家都持“天人合一”的宇宙观。它对中国传统诗学影响深远：从这一宇宙观出发，认为艺术创造于物我互通、心物交感之中，而西方人则从主客二分出发，认为艺术是主体对客体摹仿的产物；中国诗学从人与自‘然的和谐中去寻求艺术的美，而西方人则从审美对象的物理属性中去寻求和谐之美；中国传统诗学强调心与物相合，我消融于物，化入其境，西方人却从思维与存在的关系来分析事物，艺术创造中强调主观情绪和知性的介入。     

"不似之似"的审美内涵及其现代启示

“不似之似”是中国艺术传统的一个重要命题,清代石涛的《画语录》从其艺术本体范畴“一画”出发,赋予“不似之似”这一传统命题更加深刻、明确的美学意蕴,对传统绘画追求“气韵生动”的审美理想重新作了概括和阐释,进一步强化了“自我”在艺术创造中的地位,使之更具明显的主体个性,从而使传统山水画的美学追求得到更深入的阐释和发展。石涛美学思想的创新精神为现代艺术的发展提供了许多有益的借鉴。     

喜忧参半话前卫艺术——关于当代装置、行为艺术的价值思考

“行为”和“装置”艺术，作为后现代主义美术现象，是前卫艺术家们试图在社会性的精神废墟上重建理念、精神、价值、方法的艺术表现方式，由于前卫、先锋的概念错悟或语境误导，使前卫艺术活动产生了一些虚妄、无序的混乱现象，如何在审视中国当代前卫艺术的现状的同时，发现和维护其应有的艺术价值，使之成为当代社会动力结构中的活力因素和积极力量，应该是当前艺术界亟待解决的问题。     

对王国维境界说的质疑

朱光潜认为王国维的“有我之境”实是“无我之境”，而“无我之境”实是“有我之境”，其实，他们对意境内涵的理解是一致的，只是对意境分类的角度不同。叶朗认为王国维的“有我之境”与“无我之境”的区分割裂了意境中情感和意象的关系，其实是叶朗误读了叔本华美学中的一个概念。     

论王国维之“古雅”

不同于中国传统古典文论的概念，王国维的“古雅”以西方美学范畴为基础。在《古雅之在关学上之位置》一文中，王国维区别了“第一形式”和“第二形式”。其“古雅”概念主要是指“第二形式”，是对美的对象的表现形式，是双重形式，也就是“形式之美之形式之美”，并在此基础上指出“古雅”和“优美”、“崇高”的互补性。对“古雅”的判断是经验的、后天的，个人和时代的不同也同样制约着对“古雅”的判定。而这种判定同时又需要一种“修养力”。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.