净水厂污泥中多环芳烃和金属的分布特征

以南京市某净水厂的沉淀池、滤池污泥为研究对象,采用Udden-Wentworth标准将净水厂污泥粒径分为4级,即3.9μm,3.9~63μm,63~250μm和250μm。3.9~63μm粒径的污泥分别占沉淀池和滤池污泥总体积的55%和73%;滤池污泥的有机质含量比沉淀池的高,在各粒径组分中的含量范围分别为12.64%~15.11%和8.09%~10.27%;沉淀池和滤池污泥中共检出14种多环芳烃,总质量分数平均值分别为556.59 ng/g和468.44 ng/g,其中2环和3环PAHs的质量分数之和为4环和5环的2~3倍,PAHs在各粒径组分中的质量分数分布与有机质的质量分数分布一致,PAHs在250μm和63μm的粒径组分中的质量分数较高,在63~250μm粒径组分中质量分数相对较低;污泥粒径和有机质质量分数影响污泥中金属浓度的分布,沉淀池和滤池污泥中8种金属(Al,Fe,Cd,Cu,Cr,Pb,Mn和Zn)在63μm的粒径组分中质量分数相对较高。     

贵阳市道路灰尘中多环芳烃的分布特征及源解析

采用高效液相色谱法测定贵阳市道路地表灰尘中PAHs的含量,并对其分布特征及来源进行解析.结果表明,贵阳市道路地表灰尘中PAHs主要为化石燃料的燃烧所致,高环PAHs含量较高.工业区和重要交通干道的ΣPAHs含量最高,公园最低,在不同粒径道路地表灰尘中∑PAHs在630.3~1 870.1μg/kg之间,∑PAHs均值为1 154.5μg/kg,∑PAHs浓度最大值及质量负荷率的最大值出现在粒径范围0.074~0.150mm灰尘样品中.     

溶剂超临界CO2雾化萃取法制备乙基纤维素微粒的研究

通过溶剂超临界CO2雾化萃取法制得了乙基纤维素微粒．研究了溶液喷口流速、溶液浓度、温度、压力对颗粒粒径及其粒径分布的影响．结果表明，改变工艺参数，可在较大范围内调控微粒大小，所得微粒平均粒径为0．64～10．83μm．随着温度和溶液浓度的增加，颗粒粒径及其粒径分布增加；随着压力和溶液喷口流速的增加，颗粒粒径及其粒径分布减小．     

水化法制备超细Mg(OH)2的研究

以菱镁矿为原料，采用水化法制备Mg(OH)2超细粉体，研究了水化温度、添加剂对水化产物颗粒大小的影响。结果表明：NaOH为添加剂，水化温度70℃所得产物颗粒最细，产物d50为0．94μm；NaOH作添加剂时，随OH^-浓度增加，产物粒径减小，当OH浓度为1moL／L，所得产物粒径最小，其d50为0．94μm，但随OH浓度的进一步增加，颗粒有增大趋势；氨水作添加利时变化趋势与NaOH作添加剂类似，当OH^-浓度为1．55moL／L时．产物粒径最小，d50在1．6μm左右。     

上海市多环芳烃潜在污染源成分谱特征初探

利用GC-MS对上海市多环芳烃(PAHs)潜在的污染源成分谱特征进行了定量分析。结果表明,工业区路面尘中PAHs含量最高值均分布在土壤63~125μm粒径中,主要以中高环Phe、Fl、Pyr、Chry、B[b+k]F和Ba P为主;建筑工地土壤与路面尘中PAHs分布特征相似,主要以Phe、Fl、Pyr和Chry为主;秸秆在不同燃烧条件下PAHs产生量不同,但PAHs组分特征相同;卡车、客车和小汽车中PAHs含量分别为56μg/g,47.2μg/g,529.1μg/g。小汽车尾气中以高环PAHs为主,卡车和客车以低环为主;油烟中Ba P的平均含量为38 ng/g,单体PAH以Phe、Fl、Nap和Pyr为主。烤肉中PAHs的含量为6.7μg/g。     

燃烧过程中铅颗粒粒径分布的实验研究

使用高3.4m、内径0.15m的一维炉实验台,对燃烧中铅颗粒的粒径分布进行了实验研究。铅元素以醋酸铅溶液的形式通过空气雾化引入到燃烧液化石油气的炉膛中。使用切割粒径从0.48～12.63μm的8级Andersen撞击器和切割粒径从0.030～10.0μm的12级静电低压撞击器(ELPI)进行采样,同时对铅颗粒物的质量浓度粒径分布和数量浓度粒径分布进行了测量。使用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)对铅颗粒微观形貌进行了观察。结果表明,在质量方面,铅颗粒主要集中在亚微米区间,质量浓度的峰值在0.2～0.6μm之间;在数量方面,铅颗粒主要集中在0.03～0.4μm区间,数量浓度的峰值在0.2～0.3μm之间。     

燃烧过程中铅颗粒粒径分布的实验研究

使用高3.4m、内径0.15m的一维炉实验台,对燃烧中铅颗粒的粒径分布进行实验研究。铅元素以醋酸铅溶液的形式通过空气雾化引入到燃烧液化石油气的炉膛中。使用切割粒径从0.48~12.63μm的8级A ndersen撞击器和切割粒径从0.030~10.0μm的12级静电低压撞击器(ELP I)进行采样,同时对铅颗粒物的质量浓度粒径分布和数量浓度粒径分布进行了测量。使用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)对铅颗粒微观形貌进行了观察。结果表明:在质量方面,铅颗粒主要集中在亚微米区间,质量浓度的峰值在0.2~0.6μm之间;在数量方面,铅颗粒主要集中在0.03~0.4μm区间,数量浓度的峰值在0.2~0.3μm之间。     

兰州市冬季大气PM10的微观形貌和粒度分布

利用高分辨率场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）和图像分析技术研究了兰州市区（东方红广场）2005年冬季大气可吸入颗粒物（PM10）的微观形貌、数量-粒度和体积-粒度分布特征。结果表明，兰州市冬季大气PM10主要包括燃煤飞灰、烟尘集合体、矿物和未知颗粒四种类型，其中燃煤飞灰在数量上占优势（61．7％），烟尘集合体和矿物颗粒在体积上占优势（43．6％和41．4％）。在数量-粒度分布上，粒径小于0．3μm的PM10占总颗粒物数量的78．6％，以燃煤飞灰为主（55．7％）。在体积-粒度分布上，粒径1～5μm之间的PM10占总体积的53％，主要是矿物颗粒和烟尘集合体（31．1％和19．6％）。综上可见，2005年冬季兰州市大气污染以燃煤污染为主，是今后大气环境防治中的主要控制对象。     

济南市工业区冬季大气悬浮颗粒物的粒谱分布及形状特征

对济南市东郊工业区大气悬浮颗粒物的粒径分布和形状特征的分析表明:该地区粒子谱分布为Junge分布;粒子的质量中值直径为3～4μm;1μm以上的粒子质量粒谱分布呈对数正态分布;粒径在2μm以下的细粒子的质量浓度只占总量的20％～30％。对不同粒子形状的研究表明:冬季,由于能源燃烧排放的颗粒物占总量的70％。     

气体抗溶剂法制备乙基纤维素微球过程的实验研究

对超临界流体制粒中的气体抗溶剂(GAS)法进行了改进，并制备出了平均粒径为0．1～10μm乙基纤维素微球，同时对GAS过程的影响因素，进行了系统的实验研究．结果表明，溶液浓度、温度对微球粒径大小影响显著；压力对粒径分布影响显著．此研究为运用GAS法制备粒径较小，具有缓释、靶向、黏附等功能的乙基纤维素含药微球打下基础．     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。