玉米纹枯病抗性与防御酶关系的研究

以玉米抗、感纹枯病的4个品种为材料，研究了玉米2个抗性品种和2个感病品种在接种玉米纹枯病菌后苯丙氯酸解氨酶（PAL）、过氧化物酶（POD）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）和超氧化歧化酶（SOD）活性的动态变化，结果发现，在玉米接种R．solani后，POD、PAL、PPO和SOD活性有不同程度的增加，抗病品种瓦试13和沈试28比感病品种沈试29和掖单13增加的幅度大，酶活高峰出现的早，并发现玉米接种纹枯病菌后SOD活性均表现为先增加然后降低的趋势．     

玉米对MDMV的抗性与PO和SOD活性的关系

研究了不同抗性玉米人工接种DMDV后1周内的PO和SOD活性变化及其同工酶谱组成。结果表明：玉米感染MDMV后,PO活性发生明显变化,无论是抗、感品种PO活性比对照多有提高。但抗、感器种之间、接毒与对照之间比较,夏、秋两季采样测定结果不尽相同,尚难发现明显的特征性差异。抗、感品种、接毒与对照之间PO酶谱有差异,抗病品种的健康叶片带纹多、颜色重,而感病品种带纹少、颜色浅;抗病品种的接毒叶片比对照酶带加重或增添新酶带。抗病品种SOD活性的本底水平高于感病品种,接毒后SOD活性比健康对照提高但不明显,而感病品种SOD活性比健康对照提高明显,且活性逐渐增强。     

不同烟草品种罹黑胫病后几种酶活性的变化

文章就黑胫病表现不同抗性的两烟草品种接种黑胫病菌后,对其叶片内苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)的活性进行了测定。结果表明,接种后抗病品种的PAL、PPO及POD活性水平皆明显高于对照,感病品种的PAL、PPO及POD活性水平也高于对照,但接种后抗病品种的PAL、PPO及POD活性水平前期增加速度明显高于感病品种。另外,接种后抗病品种和感病品种与各自对照相比皆未出现新的酶带,只是几个酶带的强弱发生了变化。     

不同抗性玉米接种矮花叶病毒后的生理生化变化研究

选取对玉米矮花叶病毒的抗感病品种沈137和Mo17,以未接种植株为对照,接种矮花叶病毒后,对144 h内叶片中的可溶性糖、丙二醛和过氧化氢含量及防御反应酶系中的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性变化进行了研究.试验结果显示,接病后抗病品种的可溶性糖含量变化不大或有上升而感病品种则下降;丙二醛含量在抗感玉米中均变化不大;抗病玉米中H2O2含量下降,而感病玉米中无太大变化.接病后的玉米叶片中4种酶活性的变化表现为抗病品种的CAT活性呈现出先降低后升高,感病品种变化不大;抗病品种的POD活性高于对照,感病品种则以下降为主;SOD活性在感病玉米中呈升高,抗病品种中变化不大;PAL酶活的变化是抗病品种表现为先升高随后下降,而感病玉米则相反.用干燥和冷冻保存后的病叶接病,玉米的发病情况是冷冻保存的叶片比干燥保存的叶片发病率高.     

腐烂病菌对不同抗性荷花品种防御酶活性的影响

以不同抗病品种的荷花为试材,研究接种腐烂病菌后,荷花叶片过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性的变化趋势.结果表明,接种腐烂病菌后,抗、感病品种的荷花幼苗POD、PAL、PPO活性均比对照有所提高,其中抗病品种提高程度均强于感病品种,随处理时间的延长,其活性变化呈先升高后降低趋势.POD、PAL、PPO活性与品种抗病性呈正相关关系.     

水稻对白叶枯病菌抗性与活性氧关系的研究

以 3种水稻白叶枯病菌和 4个抗、感水稻品种为样品 ,研究了水稻对白叶枯病菌抗性与白叶枯病菌细胞保护酶以及氧自由基的关系。研究结果表明 :接种 15d的水稻SOD、POD显示活性 ,而CAT无活性 ;用水稻叶片酶解液培养 3种病原菌 ,菌体显示SOD和CAT活性 ,但未测出POD活性。抗、感水稻对白叶枯病菌的影响不同 ,感病水稻使病原菌SOD和CAT活性升高 ,抗病水稻使白叶枯病菌SOD、CAT活性降低。而抗、感水稻对白叶枯病菌氧自由基的影响 ,正好与对酶的影响相反。     

甜瓜成株抗感枯萎病品种过氧化物酶同工酶研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析比较了甜瓜花期和座果期不同抗感枯萎病品种的ＰＯＤ同工酶酶谱。结果表明：在二个时期甜瓜ＰＯＤ同工酶在酶带数目、相对活性上存在明显差异，ＰＯＤ同工酶与品种抗病性相关，通过成株期ＰＯＤ同工酶分析为抗病新品种选择提供了依据     

酒葡萄对霜霉病的抗性机理初探

对5个不同抗性的酒葡萄品种进行感病性鉴定,并对其成熟叶片进行接种,以不接种作为对照。4天后测定叶片中的过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、可溶性糖含量和蛋白质含量。结果表明:5个供试品种均不同程度感霜霉病。感病轻的梅鹿辄、SV6059品种接种后的POD活性、可溶性糖含量均低于对照。所有酒葡萄品种接种感病后的SOD活性均高于对照。接种感病后发病较重的拉别长依、赤霞珠的蛋白质含量高于对照。     

水稻-白叶枯病菌互作中过氧化氢酶的研究

以3种水稻白叶枯病菌和3个抗、感水稻为样品，研究了水稻—白叶枯病菌互作中过氧化氢酶的变化．研究结果表明：接种15d的水稻CAT无活性，CAT同工酶电泳也未显示酶带，对照组CAT则显示活性；在NB培养基中生长的白叶枯病菌显示CAT活性；用水稻酶解液培养了3种病原菌，菌体显示CAT活性，抗、感水稻对白叶枯病菌的影响不同，抗病水稻使病原菌CAT活性降低，感病水稻使CAT活性升高。     

黄瓜花叶病毒诱导烟草抗病性的生化研究

黄瓜花叶病毒诱导处理后,烟株叶绿素ａ,叶绿素ｂ,类胡萝卜素形成受阻;苯丙氨酸解氨酶（ＰＡＬ）活性,总酚、类黄酮含量与品种抗性相关密切;抗病品种游离脯氨酸含量显著高于感病品种     

小麦F1和F2代抗白粉病性的配合力遗传力及相关分析

用８个抗白粉病性不同的春小麦品种进行不完全双列杂交，对亲本及杂交后代的抗白粉病性进行了遗传分析，结果Ｆ１和Ｆ２代抗白粉病性一般配合力和特殊配合力方差及ＭＳｇ．ｃ．ａ／ＭＳｓ．ｃ．ａ均达显著或极显著水平，抗白粉病性加性效应为主。     

小麦F2代白粉病抗、感病特性RAPD标记的比较研究

用２０个随机引物,以抗白粉病（７９２０１－１１－７、临远７０６９）和感白粉病（中麦２号、郑８３１）的高产小麦品种为亲本,杂交获得的Ｆ２群体接种白粉病菌１５号小种,并进行ＤＮＡ随机扩增多态性（ＲＡＰＤ）分析．从中选育高产、抗病个体和研究抗感特性在分子水平上的差异．     

对白粉病敏感、抗性栽培小麦及杂交后代的蛋白质组分析

感病小麦京411、抗病小麦Brock及杂交后代近等基因系感染白粉菌后,发现京411感病,Brock和近等基因系抗病,因此白粉病抗性呈显性．对上述3种小麦的叶片进行蛋白质组分析,在感小麦的京411中有一个8kD／pI 5．3的特异蛋白,该蛋白在抗病品种Brock和杂交后代近等基因系中不存在,后者的蛋白质谱型与Brock相同．上述结果表明,幼苗抗白粉病特性的遗传与蛋白质谱型的遗传相类似,此结果也许可以为生产上筛选抗白粉病小麦品种提供生化依据．     

4个小麦品种的抗白粉病遗传分析

抗病品种郑315、CP87-26-12和91138-16-2-13-12,与感病品种豫麦49号杂交的F1代表现抗病,F2代抗、感单株的分离比例为31,表明这3个品种均携带1对显性抗病基因.N97189-2和豫麦18号的杂交F1代对白粉病表现高感,F2代抗、感单株的分离比例为13,由此推断N97189-2对白粉病的抗性由1对隐性基因控制.     

我国番茄白粉病抗病育种研究现状

本文阐述了国内对番茄白粉病抗病性的研究现状,包括番茄白粉病化学防治方法及抗源鉴定方法,抗病遗传规律及抗病机理等,并对番茄白粉病抗病育种中存在的问题进行了讨论。     

Gene expression profiling related to powdery mildew resistance in wheat with the method of suppression subtractive hybridization

“Bainong 3217 × Mardler” BC₅F₄ wheat line at the initial stage of inoculation with powdery mildew pathogen (Erysiphe graminis DC) was used to construct a suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) cDNA library. Totally 760 ESTs were obtained through sequencing. Similarity analysis of ESTs based on BLASTn and BLASTx with the sequences in GenBank, in combination with macroarray differential screening, revealed that 199 ESTs of 65 kinds were known to be functionally disease resistance related. Based on the gene expression profiling in the present study, it is postulated that salicylic acid (SA) and MAP-related signal transduction pathways were involved in powdery mildew resistance in wheat. System acquired resistance genes were predominant in terms of kinds and quantity. With the initiation of cell defense reaction, the genes conferring anti-oxidation substances were largely expressed and thus cell protection mechanism was activated. Much evidence revealed that phenylpropanes metabolic pathway was involved in phytoalexin synthesis in wheat powdery mildew resistance. Genes conferring some enzymes of structural modification of cell walls and proteinase inhibitors inhibiting pathogen growth were also detected. The genes controlling a few proteinases (mainly cysteine proteinase) had a considerable redundancy of expression.     

白粉菌对抗、感白粉病小麦品种叶片组织侵染情况的研究

采用透明染色法对白粉菌15号生理小种侵染的小麦叶片进行处理,观察不同时间段白粉菌对京411,Brock及其杂交后代近等基因系（NIL）叶片的侵染情况。结果表明：Brock,NIL抗病耐受性均强于京411,此结果可为今后抗病基因的克隆、植物抗性信号转导机制等研究提供细胞学上的依据。     

Breeding and molecular cytogenetic identification of wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium addition lines resistant to powdery mildew

Wheat-related species Th. intermedium was used to cross with common wheat Yannong 15. In the self progenies of the hybrid, two addition lines, Ⅱ-1-7-1 and Ⅱ-3-3-2, stable in cytology, were developed by cytology and powdery mildew resistance identification. Their chromosome number were 2n = 44 and formed 22 bivalents at PMC MI. In F1 of the two addition lines crossing with Yannong 15, there appeared about one univalent at PMC MI, respectively. Resistance identification in greenhouse and field using the No. 15 and mixed strains of E. gramnis f. sp. tritici showed that they were immune to powdery mildew. Chromosome number and resistance identification using the F2 single plants of the addition line crossing with Yannong 15 indicated that the resistant gene was located on the alien chromosomes. In situ hybridization using St and E genomic DNA as probe showed that the added chromosome in the two addition lines probably came from the E genome of Th. intermedium, which indicated that a pair of E genome chromosomes carried a new resistant gene to powdery mildew.     

枸杞白粉病防治药剂筛选试验

以3年树龄的"宁杞1号"为材料,研究了施蓝得可湿性粉剂和杜邦福星不同浓度对"宁杞1号"白粉病的防治效果。结果表明:70%施蓝得可湿性粉剂和杜邦福星400 g/L乳油对枸杞白粉病有较显著的防效,其中,70%施蓝得可湿性粉剂600倍液对枸杞白粉病的防治效果最好,更适宜于防治枸杞白粉病。     

Breeding and molecular cytogenetic identification of wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium addition lines resistant to powdery mildew

Wheat-related species Th. intermedium was used to cross with common wheat Yannong 15. In the self progenies of the hybrid, two addition lines, Ⅱ-1-7-1 and Ⅱ-3-3-2, stable in cytology, were developed by cytology and powdery mildew resistance identification. Their chromosome number were 2n = 44 and formed 22 bivalents at PMC MI. In F₁ of the two addition lines crossing with Yannong 15, there appeared about one univalent at PMC MI, respectively. Resistance identification in greenhouse and field using the No. 15 and mixed strains of E. gramnis f. sp. tritici showed that they were immune to powdery mildew. Chromosome number and resistance identification using the F² single plants of the addition line crossing with Yannong 15 indicated that the resistant gene was located on the alien chromosomes. In situ hybridization using St and E genomic DNA as probe showed that the added chromosome in the two addition lines probably came from the E genome of Th. intermedium, which indicated that a pair of E genome chromosomes carried a new resistant gene to powdery mildew.