长江中下游河流沉积物磁性特征初探

通过多参数磁性测量分析,探讨长江中下游干、支流河流沉积物的磁性特征,为研究长江水沙环境积累基础资料.研究结果表明,长江中下游干、支流河流沉积物中,磁性矿物类别均以磁铁矿为主,晶粒均以假单畴-多畴为主.与干流相比,支流沉积物中不完整反铁磁性物质含量较多,晶粒较细,Χ值仅是干流的1/10.随着支流泥沙的汇入,入江口以下江段沉积物的磁性特征相应发生变化.支流泥沙物源贡献的研究是探讨长江中下游干流沉积物环境特征的主要因子.     

长江、黄河沉积物中碳酸盐组成及差异

利用显微镜观察、X射线物相分析、容量法等方法分析了长江、黄河沉积物中碳酸盐组分，结果表明长江沉积物碳酸盐含量在4%～8%之间，碳酸盐含量随粒级呈衰变型分布，在<0.125mm的粒级中碳酸盐含量稳定于3%～5%左右；黄河沉积物中碳酸盐含量在8%～18%之间，碳酸盐含量随粒级呈不对称鞍型分布，在<0.045mm的粒级中碳酸盐含量明显增高，达12%以上．长江、黄河中的碳酸盐含生物碎屑和碎屑碳酸盐两种成因类型，生物碎屑多属文石质，主要分布于>0.125mm的粒级之中；碎屑碳酸盐以低镁方解石占优势，长江以单晶方解石为主，黄河以隐晶质方解石集合体为主．长江、黄河沉积物中碳酸盐组成及差别主要受流域的风化条件、物源及生态环境的制约．     

库车坳陷侏罗系砂岩组分和重矿物组合特征及其源区属性

库车盆地侏罗系的岩石学特征、重矿物组合与构造演化具有一致性,构造演化是控制盆地充填过程的主要因素.受盆地两侧物源区的控制,母岩为沉积岩、高级变质以及酸性岩浆岩,重矿物组合以锆石、石榴石和磁铁矿含量最高.据不同的重矿物指数可以把侏罗系划分为三个重矿物韵律层,下部层序含有丰富的重矿物,岩屑含量较高,物源区以再旋回造山带为主,"锆石-石榴石-磁铁矿"组合,表明盆地早期演化阶段沉积区离盆地物源区相对较近;中部层序重矿物组合和母岩性质有所不同,以石榴石含量最高,为"石榴石-锆石"组合,主要母岩为盆地东北缘的高级变质岩、酸性岩浆岩和热液岩脉;中上部碎屑物源仍以盆地北部边缘再旋回造山带为主,但 南缘隆起提供物源已比较明显.重矿物组合、重矿物指数发生明显转折的层段与二级层序界面有较好的吻合,反映了盆地北缘造山带的剥蚀历史和盆地的充填过程.     

川北地区千佛崖组物源及岩相古地理特征

在野外露头、钻井岩心、测试分析等资料基础上,对川北地区千佛崖组进行了物源和岩相古地理研究,结果表明:研究区在该时期存在东、西部两个物源区,西部物源主要来自龙门山造山带北段,东部物源主要来自米仓山及大巴山造山带北段;两个物源区控制了两大近南北向展布的三角洲体系。西部三角洲的砂体成熟度相对较高,以岩屑长石砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩为特征,岩屑以变质岩岩屑和沉积岩岩屑为主,其重矿物为锆石、锐钛矿、白钛石组合;东部三角洲的砂体成熟度相对较低,以岩屑长石砂岩和岩屑砂岩为特征,岩屑以变质岩岩屑和沉积岩岩屑为主,见少量的火山岩岩屑,其重矿物为绿帘石、石榴石、白钛石组合。     

长江流域岩体的时空分布与碎屑锆石物源示踪

结合区域大地构造演化,系统总结并讨论了长江流域火成岩的时空分布特征及其对长江中下游沉积物物源的指示意义.结果表明,长江流域岩体的时空分布特征与区域构造演化密切相关;青藏高原新生代酸性侵入岩和火山岩以及云贵川高原晚二叠世峨眉山玄武岩及伴生酸性岩是长江上游地区的特征岩体;汉江和湘江—赣江流域早古生代中酸性侵入岩是长江中游地区的特征岩体;白垩纪中酸性侵入岩和火山岩是长江下游地区的特征岩体.这一成果可直接用于指导长江中下游地区利用碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素进行物源示踪的工作.在钻孔沉积物中准确识别出这些特征年龄信息,并结合沉积物古地磁年代的标定对研究长江的地质演化历史具有重要指示意义.     

百色盆地东部坳陷北部陡坡带东段那读组砂岩碎屑组分及物源分析

在大量岩石薄片鉴定的基础上,对百色盆地东部坳陷北部陡坡带东段古近系那读组砂岩的碎屑组分特征及其物源进行了详细分析。结果表明,那读组砂岩以高成分成熟度、低结构成熟度的细砂岩为主;骨架颗粒与重矿物的特征均显示出那读组砂岩的母岩以沉积岩为主,其次为变质岩,且属近物源沉积;其沉积物主要来自北东向和北西向两个方向的物源供给。     

长江、黄河沉积物中碳酸盐组成及差异

利用显微镜观察、X射线物相分析、容量法等方法分析了长江、黄河沉积物中碳酸盐组分，结果表明长江沉积物碳酸盐含量在4％－8％之间，碳酸盐含量随粒级呈衰变型分布，在＜0.125mm的粒级中碳酸盐含量稳定于3％－5％左右；黄河沉积物中碳酸盐含量在8％－18％之间，碳酸盐含量随粒级呈不对称鞍型分布，在＜0.045mm的粒级中碳酸盐含量明显增高，达12％以上。长江、黄河中的碳酸盐含生物碎屑和碎屑碳酸盐两种成因类型，生物碎屑多属文石质，主要分布于＞0.125mm的粒级之中；碎屑碳酸盐以低镁方解石占优势，长江以单晶方解石为主，黄河以隐晶质方解石集合体为主。长江、黄河沉积物中碳酸盐组成及差别主要受流域的风化条件、物源及生态环境的制约。     

明溪石榴石的宝石学特征

产于福建明溪的石榴石有两种类型 .一种为紫红色 ,具有主波长 5 85～ 5 88nm ,饱和度 0 .5 6 9～ 0 .6 2 9,折射率 1.74,密度 3.6 5～ 3.78g/cm3;另一种为褐红色 ,主波长 5 95～ 6 0 0nm ,饱和度 0 .86 6～ 0 .939,折射率1.75～ 1.76 ,密度 >3.8g/cm3.在RI -D图上 ,前者属镁铝榴石 ,而褐红色的石榴石落在铁铝榴石—镁铝榴石区域内 .明溪石榴石含有特征的钉状包裹体 .电子探针分析表明 ,紫红色的石榴石中含有较高的Cr,而褐红色的石榴石中则富含Fe和Ti.文章还探讨了明溪石榴石的吸收光谱特点及颜色成因 .     

辽西凹陷沙河街组低凸起带物源分析

沉积物中碎屑组分与重矿物的分布受物源区母岩性质、构造抬升与剥蚀作用及古环境等多种因素影响。通过研究渤海湾盆地辽西凹陷沙河街组断陷湖盆内部低凸起带物源区特征,及其对凹陷内部沉积体系的影响,依据砂岩碎屑组分及重矿物聚类分析识别母岩类型、颗粒表面结构分析推测搬运距离、稳定系数分析判定物源方向的研究思路,综合分析研究区内碎屑组分及重矿物数据的统计特征,认为母岩类型主要为岩浆岩和少量变质岩,分别对应于西部燕山隆起主物源、东部辽西低凸起南部隆起区次物源和北部隆起区弱物源。西部物源主要控制辽西凹陷的缓坡区沉积,东部物源的影响范围局限在辽西低凸起的陡坡带,北部物源对区内沉积的影响较弱。     

太原西山太原组砂岩特征及其地质意义

以太原西山晚古生界石炭系太原组下部石英砂岩及晋祠砂岩为研究对象,对砂岩的岩石学、矿物学和重矿物进行分析,揭示太原组下部两层砂岩的碎屑端元组成特征。两层砂岩体的碎屑颗粒以岩浆岩型石英,沉积岩型石英,沉积岩岩屑和变质岩型石英为主;重矿物以稳定矿物和中等稳定矿物为主。该两层砂岩的物源区母岩组合都为沉积岩、变质岩和火成岩共存;且随着时间演化,物源母岩具有沉积岩比例相对降低而结晶岩比例相对增加的趋势。     

Petrogenesis of the Neoproterozoic bimodal volcanic rocks along the western margin of the Yangtze Block： New constraints from Hf isotopes and Fe/Mn ratios

High-precision major element and Hf isotope data are reported for the Neoproterozoic Suxiong volcanic rocks along the western margin of the Yangtze Block. These volcanic rocks have variable εHf（T） values and Fe/Mn ratios. The relatively primitive basalts have high Fe/Mn ratios and high Hf-Nd isotopic compositions, indicating that they were generated by partial melting of garnet clinopyroxene in mantle plume at high pressure. Thus, the Suxiong basalts are genetically related to the proposed Neoproterozoic superplume. On the contrary, a few differentiated basalts have low Fe/Mn ratios and low Hf-Nd isotopic compositions. They are likely to experience assimilation-fractional crystallization process. The Suxiong rhyolites have consistent Hf and Nd model ages of 1.3-1.4 Ga. They are likely generated by shallow dehydration melting of pre-existing young arc igneous rocks associated with the basaltic underplating/intrusion in a continental rift.     

金沙江流域尼沙演变过程及趋势分析

金沙江集水面积48．51万Km^2，多年平均流量1429亿m^3，输沙量2．47亿t/a，与长江上游的其它支流相比，是流域面积最大，产水，产沙最多的河流，是三峡水库和长江上游最大沙源。研究金沙江泥沙演变过程和趋势，不仅关系到金沙江水资源开发战略，而且对控制三峡水库泥沙淤积及开发长江水资源亦具有重要意义。对金沙江流域主要水文控制站－屏山站的流量，输沙量进行了统计分析，运用非参数统计的Spearman秩次相关检验，Kendell秩次相关控制站－屏山站的流量，输沙量进行了统计分析，运用参数统计的Spearman秩次相关检验，Kendell秩序相关检验，线性回归检验等方法，对屏山站的水沙演变趋势进行了分析检验，得出了水沙演变无明显趋势的结论。     

Implications of micro-compositions of garnet and biotite from high-grade meta-pelites

Based on detailed studies on the compositional zoning of garnet and biotite in pelitic rocks from the Jingshan group of granulite facies in north Jiaodong, P-T pseudosections with isopleths of Fe/(Fe + Mg) in garnet and biotite were calculated in the KF-MASH system for two representative rocks of sillimanite-garnet-cordierite-biotite gneiss ( Vbi/ Vg>1 ) and sillimanite-garnet gneiss (Vbi/ Vg<0.2) using the software THERMOCALC and the internally consistent thermodynamic dataset. With a comparison of the calculated Fe/(Fe+ Mg) values in garnet and biotite in the peak P-T fields constrained by peak mineral assemblages with the measured ones, it is concluded that the coarse garnet crystals with diffusion zoning from high grade meta-pelites can preserve their peak compositions even when they have experienced a cooling event, and that biotite crystals surrounded by fetsic minerals in biotite-rich rocks with Vbi/Vg> 1 can nearly preserve their peak compositions, and biotites in garnet-rich rocks with Vbi/Vg<0. 2 cannot preserve their peak compositions due to the influence of grain-boundary fluid.     

太湖现代沉积物的物质组成和形成条件分析

对太湖现代沉积物进行了X射线衍射分析、粒度分析和常量元素分析，由此推断它们的矿物成分、化学风化程度差异，并分析了不同的水动力条件和物源。太湖沉积物的主要矿物组成是石英、云母、正长石和钠长石，粘土矿物为伊利石、绿泥石、高岭石和蒙脱石。化学组成显示，太湖沉积物的烧失量较高，与上部陆壳平均化学成分相比，Na、Na、K、Mg亏损，Mn、Ti富集，上部陆壳成分标准化图表明其风化程度明显强于下蜀土。化学风化程度指标CIA、Na/K值和Fe/Mg值的变化也表明太湖沉积物的化学风化作用比下蜀土强，，并存在地域的差别。太湖沉积物的CaCO3含量明显较低，反映了太湖流域本身的特点。所有这些特征表明，太湖沉积物的形成不仅与物源、地域位置有关，而且明显受人类活动的影响。     

Preservation of black carbon in the shelf sediments of the East China Sea

Concentrations and carbon isotopic(14C,13C) compositions of black carbon(BC) were measured for three sediment cores collected from the Changjiang River estuary and the shelf of the East China Sea. BC concentrations ranged from 0.02 to 0.14 mg/g(dry weight) ,and accounted for 5% to 26% of the sedimentary total organic carbon(TOC) pool. Among the three sediment cores collected at each site,sediment from the Changjiang River estuary had relatively high BC contents compared with the sedi-ments from the East China Sea shelf,suggesting that the Changjiang River discharge played an im-portant role in the delivery of BC to the coastal region. Radiocarbon measurements indicate that the ages of BC are in the range of 6910 to 12250 years old B.P.(before present) ,that is in general,3700 to 9000 years older than the 14C ages of TOC in the sediments. These variable radiocarbon ages suggest that the BC preserved in the sediments was derived from the products of both biomass fire and fossil fuel combustion,as well as from ancient rock weathering. Based on an isotopic mass balance model,we calculated that fossil fuel combustion contributed most(60%―80%) of the BC preserved in these sediments and varied with depth and locations. The deposition and burial of this "slow-cycling" BC in the sediments of the East China Sea shelf represent a significant pool of carbon sink and could greatly influence carbon cycling in the region.     

长江中下游河流沉积物和悬浮物中金属元素的形态特征(英文)

采集了长江中下游8个样点沉积物和悬浮物样品(1992年8月)。用连续提取方法提取了金属元素的五种化学形态(可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态、有机质-硫化物结合态、残渣态),用ICP-AES分析了所有样品中锂、钠、钾、镁、钙、锶、钛、钒、铬、锰、钴、镍、铝、钇和锆共15种元素的各化学形态的含量,并用聚类分析方法研究了这些元素在形态上的分类特点。结果表明:在沉积物和悬浮物中,碱金属元素(锂、钠和钾)主要以残渣态和可交换态存在;碱土金属元素(镁、钙和锶)各形态含量较为均匀,但钙的碳酸盐态含量很高;锰和钴的铁锰氧化物态含量较高;铁族元素除锰和钴以外(钛、钒、铬、镍)、铝和锆残渣态含量很高、其它形态含量很低。其中,碱金属元素中锂的铁锰氧化物态和有机质-硫化物态占有一定比例;所研究元素中钙的残渣态含量最低。     

Phase equilibria of HP-UHP mica-schists in Jiangling,Eastern Dabieshan orogen

The HP-UHP metamorphic terrane of Jiangling, eastern Dabieshan comprises extensively distributed granitic gneisses, mica-schists and numerous eclogite blocks. The mica-schists generally contain garnet, phengitic muscovite, biotite, plagioclase, quartz, rutile and a small amount of epidote and hornblende. Study on petrography and phases equilibria in the NCKMnFMASH system indicates that the present mineral assemblages in mica-schists are not in equilibrium. The earlier stage of mineral assemblage represented by garnet and phengite reflects a HP-UHP condition. The garnet compositions and the phengite Si contents give a PT condition of 580-00 ℃ at 2.6-2.8 GPa. The garnet zonation records an earlier progressive metamorphic process which may be associated with the appearance of glaucophane, jadeite and lawsonite. The later stage of mineral assemblage characterized by the presence of biotite and plagioclase reflects a PT condition of 620-635℃ at 0.9-1.1 GPa, belonging to the HP amphibolite facies. The main mineral assemblage in mica-schists from the Jiangling region has recorded a complete HP-UHP metamorphic process.     

长江三峡库区紫色土的元素迁移特征

通过对长江三峡库区不同母岩上发育的紫色土样品进行X射线荧光光谱的化学全量分析及化学蚀变指数CIA值、风化特征值和质量迁移系数的详细计算,揭示了不同母岩上发育的紫色土化学风化强度和主量元素的迁移特征:母岩为砂岩发育的紫色土具有较高的CIA值,母岩为粉砂岩和泥岩上发育的紫色土的CIA值较低;不同元素组分迁移行为在剖面上的表现有明显的差异,CaO在所有剖面上净迁出,多数剖面均有Al2O3、Fe2O3的净获得;母岩为砂岩发育的紫色土剖面上Ca、K、Na、Al、Fe、Si6种元素均流失,而粉砂岩、泥岩发育的紫色土以上6种元素相对富积,Mg元素的迁移系数远小于Ca元素,其迁移性较小,在母岩和土壤中的含量相对稳定;Na元素的迁移系数较大,迁移速率较快.     

Phase equilibria of HP–UHP mica-schists in Jiangling, Eastern Dabieshan orogen

The HP–UHP metamorphic terrane of Jiangling, eastern Dabieshan comprises extensively distributed granitic gneisses, mica-schists and numerous eclogite blocks. The mica-schists generally contain garnet, phengitic muscovite, biotite, plagioclase, quartz, rutile and a small amount of epidote and hornblende. Study on petrography and phases equilibria in the NCKMnFMASH system indicates that the present mineral assemblages in mica-schists are not in equilibrium. The earlier stage of mineral assemblage represented by garnet and phengite reflects a HP–UHP condition. The garnet compositions and the phengite Si contents give a PT condition of 580–600℃ at 2.6–2.8 GPa. The garnet zonation records an earlier progressive metamorphic process which may be associated with the appearance of glaucophane, jadeite and lawsonite. The later stage of mineral assemblage characterized by the presence of biotite and plagioclase reflects a PT condition of 620–635℃ at 0.9–1.1 GPa, belonging to the HP amphibolite facies. The main mineral assemblage in micaschists from the Jiangling region has recorded a complete HP–UHP metamorphic process.     

Elemental composition in the sediments of the Yangtze and the Yellow Rivers and their tracing implication

Elemental compositions in the surface sediments of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River are quite different. The Yangtze River' s sediment is rich in K, Fe, Mg, Al and most of trace elements, and its elemental composition show remarkable spatial variations, whereas the Yellow River s sediment has higher contents of Ca, Na, Sr, Ba, Zr and Hf, and the elemental composition remains relatively stable. The ratios of some elements are also different in the sediments of the two rivers. The elemental composition of the Yangtze River sediment results from widely distributed igneous rocks and complicated source rocks and strong chemical weathering in the Yangtze River catchment basin, while the main provenance of the Yellow River sediment is the Loess Plateau which has dominant influence on the elemental composition, and the intense physical weathering is another controlling factor. The elements such as Cu, Zn, Sc, Ti, Fe, V, Ni, Cr, Co, Li and element ratios such as La/Sc, La/Co, Th/Co, Ti/Zr and Zr/Y can be used as the tracers to distinguish the Yangtze River sediment from the Yellow River s. The tracers can be used in the study of the mixing and distribution of the substances of the two rivers matters in coastal zones of China.