不结冰的高速公路

高速公路的路面一旦结冰,不但会影响车辆的行驶速度,导致大量路段的拥堵,而且还很容易引发交通事故。为此,我设计了一种不结冰的高速公路:首先,在冬天容易结冰的路段下埋设两根钢管,它们的间距与汽车左、右车轮的距离差不多,然后每隔一定的距离在钢管上设置一个可以进出的风口。这样,当路面出现结冰的情况时,只要用热风机向钢管内输入热风,路面的雪水就无法凝结起来了。     

高速公路路段标识站点布置方法

为对高速公路路段标识站点进行合理布置,依据支撑树性质,计算出高速公路路段标识站点数量,同时依据高速公路路段交通量,引入高速公路路段权值,即路段车流量大的路段权值小,利用破圈法求得高速公路网连通图G的最小支撑树,得到高速公路路段标识站点合理的布置位置,即高速公路路段标识站位于求解最小支撑树过程中删去的边,该布置方法能够避免高速公路路段标识站的车辆识别装置产生车辆识别错误和遗漏,同时提高车辆识别装置的可靠性。     

NovaChip超薄磨耗层施工技术在金丽温高速公路温州段养护罩面中的应用

本文通过超薄磨耗层施工技术NovaChip在金丽温高速公路的具体应用,主要就试验路段的概况、材料及设备的选择、配合比设计、路面病害处理、施工工艺、试验路段检测等方面进行了分析,结果表明：施工效率更高,路面结构层的粘结情况良好,造价降低,提高了路面的抗滑性能,解决了路面横向排水、冬季结冰等问题。     

湖北高速公路路面温度变化特征及预报模型

利用2009年～2011年湖北省武英高速公路凤凰观交通自动站观测资料，分析了武英高速凤凰观路段不同季节和不同天气状况下路面温度的日变化特征.结果表明，路面温度和气温一样存在明显的日变化和季节差异，两者在开始升温、降温、最高、最低值出现时间存在一定差异.不同天空状况下，路面温度和气温的最高值出现时间不同，两者的差值也有很大差异.在以上分析基础上，进一步筛选气温、日照、日较差、云量、相对湿度等预报因子，建立了武英高速凤凰观路段最低和最高路面温度统计预报模型.经检验，模型冬季最低路面温度预报平均绝对误差值为1.1℃，具有很好实际应用价值，夏季最高路面温度预报误差值达3.1℃，实际应用中需要适当修订.     

承德境内高速公路交通气象服务分析

通过对承德境内高速公路各路段灾害性天气历史气候资料进行分析,确定雾、雨、雪、大风、高低温等灾害性天气的交通气象服务的关键性路段和关键期,制定高速公路安全运营气象灾害防御地方标准,制作交通气象服务应急管理发布流程,提出在高速公路沿线布设密度适宜的气象监测站和加强气象对高速公路影响机理研究等利于高速公路安全运营的建议。     

高速公路雾区行车安全与保障技术研究进展

高速公路路网密度的增加和气候环境恶化,使得低能见度雾环境对高速公路行车安全影响日趋严重。从高速公路雾环境行车致危机理、雾区能见度监测预测、雾区管控与安全保障等方面对高速公路雾区行车管控与保障技术的中国研究进展进行综述。分析表明:高速公路雾环境行车安全研究已经从早期的气象角度研究雾的生消和物理化学特征,发展为材料、光学、交通、气候、电子、视觉心理等多学科、多领域交叉融合的综合性研究,相关研究成果涉及范围更广、研究领域细分度更高;雾的致危机理研究主要集中于雾区危险性分级、驾驶视觉心理、驾驶行为、车辆行驶状态变化规律和能见度与交通事故的相关性分析等方面,但尚不够系统全面;雨雾、冰雾等共生性气候的危险等级判定研究还相对缺乏;雾区监测预测理论、监测手段等都有了显著进步,但气象和交通的融合还处于初级阶段,基于微路段和微区域精细化监测预报;特别是团雾路段的实时监测预警尚不能满足实际需求;中国研发的雾区智能诱导警示系统设计理念较国外更先进,与我国国情结合更紧密,但依然存在系统使用耐久性差,安装维护成本高,缺乏国家和行业标准,理论研究有待深入等问题。针对以上存在问题,建议今后努力方向:加强从气象、交通、控制等领域对高速公路雾区行车安全,尤其是多气候耦合路段行车致危机理研究;倡导气象部门和交通部门进行深入协同联动;强化微路段微气候分级分段气象预警预报工作;深入分析雾区诱导机理;加速研发低成本、耐用的雾区诱导设备;从系统论与控制论角度,构建雾区路段分级诱导联动发布系统。     

高速公路桥梁临界结冰风险驾驶行为分析

桥梁是高速公路运行的关键节点，桥面与路面连接特殊的构造特征致使其结冰存在临界点，因此存在的较大的运行风险。为研究路桥连接处临界条件下车辆运行安全状态，对提升高速公路交通安全水平具有重要的意义。论文针对桥梁结冰且路基段未结冰的临界状态下高速公路运行风险行为的问题，研究依托气象环境模拟实验系，对干燥路面、小雪路面、薄冰路面3种路面在临界状态下的摩擦系数进行测定。基于不同路面状态摩擦系数并结合驾驶模拟实验系统，采集平均速度、纵向加速度、横向加速度、方向盘转角4个指标的驶行为数据。结果表明在3种不同临界状态路桥连接处的驾驶行为变化规律特征显著不同，并通过功效系数法计算路桥连接处3中路面状态下的驾驶风险值，可见路桥连接处的临界状态具有较高的风险水平。     

智能控温防冻桥面的构思和设计

中国冬季天气寒冷,路面桥面容易结冰,南方结冰期近1个月,北方时间更长.结冰引起的交通事故和高速公路关闭带来巨大的社会影响和经济损失,故急需采取有效的方法防止路面结冰.利用在桥面铺装层中的钢筋网,修改一个方向的钢筋为钢管,钢管中敷设发热丝,对桥面加热,整个电路使用控制系统根据温度变化自动控制.当桥面温度低于2 ℃时,控温系统自动接通电源,发热丝发热,加热桥面,当桥面温度高于20 ℃时,控温系统自动断开电源,发热丝停止加热桥面,从而实现温度智能可控,并且低温时路面不会结冰,故障时易于检修,车辆能安全通行.     

基于Vissim的高速公路施工路段服务水平的评价

建立了高速公路施工路段交通服务水平的评价指标体系和评价标准,采取多指标综合评价方法对施工路段交通服务水平进行评价,应用Vissim软件对典型双向四车道施工路段的交通运行状态进行交通仿真,并对仿真结果进行评价.评价获得顺利通过,说明了采用施工路段饱和度、平均车速、交通密度、平均行程延误4个指标作为高速公路施工路段交通服务水平的评价指标,采用综合评价方法对高速公路施工路段服务水平进行评价是可行的.     

高速公路沥青路面车辙成因试验

针对路面结构因素对路面车辙深度的影响,采用汉堡车辙试验仪(HWTD),对某高速公路不同程度车辙病害处、路幅不同位置和路面结构不同层位钻取的试件进行了车辙试验,并结合现场车辙调查结果对车辙的成因进行了分析.结果表明:在荷载、环境温度等作用下引起的中面层流动变形是路面车辙变形的主要病源,普通路段的3层路面结构车辙深度大于桥面铺装路段2层式结构;面层采用优质材料并加强施工质量控制是解决车辙问题的重要途径.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to