动态斜面式海上溢油机械回收技术改进

为解决动态斜面式溢油机械回收技术回收速度低的问题,采用理论分析和数值模拟的方法,分析了动态斜面式回收技术的工作原理,揭示了该技术对溢油油层拖带能力不足是导致回收速度降低的主要原因,通过在动态斜面前部设置引流堰及选用曲线形实用堰作为引流堰型,来形成并强化了动态斜面和过堰水流对溢油油层的双重拖带作用,并对双重拖带过程进行了理论建模及数值模拟.研究结果表明:改进后的动态斜面式回收技术对水面溢油油层的拖带作用明显加强,能够实现对水面溢油的快速回收.     

斜板间油水两相分层流动分析

为更好地对油水进行分离,分析了斜板间油水两相分层流动过程中水层对油层的拖带作用,应用Navier-Stokes方程,建立斜板间油水两相流动速度分布的数学模型.对被拖带油层在不同黏度和厚度条件下的运动速度进行数值模拟,并比较不同油层黏度时斜板间的油水速度分布.计算结果表明:油层黏度增大使油水两相的平均速度差变大,水层对油层的拖带作用降低,而油层厚度的增大可以提高两相之间的拖带作用.     

斜面倾角对DIP式溢油回收机性能的影响

动态斜面式溢油回收机(DIP式溢油回收机)通过动态斜面的拖带作用对海面溢油进行回收。其回收效率受到多种因素的影响,包括溢油粘度、海况条件以及自身的结构参数等,本文对斜面倾角θ对DIP式溢油回收机的工作影响情况进行研究。首先,用Solidworks软件建立不同角度对应的动态斜面式溢油回收机模型,再将建立好的模型导入Fluent软件的前处理软件Gambit。通过流体力学的相关计算得到模型的边界条件,运用Fluent软件的处理结果进行分析并得出27°的斜面倾角是最优方案的结论。     

液固两相交流磁场流化床特性的研究

研究了含有铁颗粒的液固流化床在交流磁场中的流化特性,考察了磁场强度对床膨胀比和带出速度的影响.应用这种磁场流化床对工业废液中含量较低的重金属离子进行了回收,取得了较好效果.     

处理高黏度溢油的溢油分散剂的制备及优化

实现高黏度海上溢油的生物修复,制备了一种双剂型(A剂+B剂)溢油分散剂,其具体配方为:A剂为主剂及助剂的复配体系,主要成分为生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂和槐糖脂(复配比例为质量比9∶1);B剂为溶剂,成分为乙酸乙酯.确定了其使用的剂油比为质量比0.25∶1,该比例下溢油乳化率高达66.6%,;在pH为5～9、温度15～45,℃、盐度1～200的条件下,溢油乳化率均可维持在50%,左右.验证了溢油黏度对溢油分散剂的处理效果,并测定了石油黏度-溶剂加入比例曲线,依此针对不同性质溢油调配A、B剂的比例进行溢油修复,与几种常见单组分化学消油剂十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)、TritonX-100和Tween80相比,本文制备的双剂型溢油分散剂处理5种高黏度溢油的乳化率高出了10%,～30%.     

Ti和Si对铁液黏度和凝固性质的影响

通过振荡杯高温熔体黏度仪对含Ti铁液的黏度进行测定,研究在冷却过程中Ti、Si对铁液黏度、黏流活化能、凝固温度以及凝固速度的影响.发现含Ti铁液在发生凝固以前,其黏度差别不大,黏流活化能为37.07～44.03 kJ.mol 1.Ti含量对铁液的凝固温度和凝固速度影响较大,Ti含量高的铁液开始凝固温度较高,而且凝固速度更快.硅含量低是钒钛铁液凝固温度低的主要原因.     

快速颗粒流本构关系在固液两相流中的适用条件初探

从固液两相流的颗粒相本构关系的推导出发,分别运用Chapman—Enskog．方法和Grad-13矩法考察了液相作用下颗粒相本构关系．结果表明当两相脉动速度无关或同相位时,快速颗粒流本构关系适用于固液两相流的颗粒相．并对低、高浓度固液两相流定性分析了具体的应用条件．     

超疏水材料表面的空气膜与自清洁作用对细菌黏附行为的影响

超疏水材料因其特殊的润湿性被广泛用作抑菌材料，许多研究认为超疏水材料与细菌溶液间的空气膜是其抑菌的关键因素，但鲜有研究能直接证明空气对细菌黏附的影响.本文应用电化学阳极氧化法和分子自组装方法，在钛箔表面制备了超亲水的二氧化钛纳米孔柱阵列(NPA)和超疏水的NPA.通过超声去除超疏水NPA固-液界面的空气膜，对比研究细菌在超疏水样品有无超声情况下的黏附，其中细菌黏附应用荧光显微镜进行表征.结果表明，超疏水NPA相对于超亲水NPA表现出明显的抗菌效果；肉眼可见的空气膜在局部区域内，可明显阻碍细菌的黏附，从而影响细菌在超疏水材料表面的分布；但从黏附细菌的整体数量对比，超疏水NPA固-液界面的空气膜对细菌的黏附数量并没有显著影响.此外，超疏水材料表面黏附的细菌易在常规的实验漂洗过程中脱离材料，这提示了在考察超疏水材料的抑菌性能时，需要考虑材料的自清洁作用对其抑菌性能表征的干扰.     

舟山港域溢油处理现状与回收技术分析

随着大规模的海洋运输和超级油轮的迅速发展,海上溢油事故发生的风险大大增加.根据近10年来国内外发生的多起海上溢油事故,结合舟山港域的实际情况,阐述了海上溢油事故的特点,介绍了舟山港域溢油处理现状,分析了适合舟山港域的溢油回收技术,指出在舟山海域采用撇油器进行海上溢油回收具有广阔的前景.     

充液管道纵向导波在黏度测量中的应用研究

利用COMSOL仿真和实验,研究并证实了充液管道纵向导波测量液体黏度的可行性.有限元仿真采用声固耦合模块、特征值求解器来获得导波实波数、复频率和波结构,以及不同模态的位移和声压分布.实波数和频率实部构成群速度频散曲线,频率虚部和频率实部构成衰减频散曲线.计算和测试了不同充液属性时纵向导波的群速度和衰减频散曲线.黏度不影响导波群速度频散曲线,黏度增加时,衰减系数增大;密度增加时,导波群速度和频散区的衰减均变小,而非频散区的衰减不变;纵波速度增加时,群速度和衰减频散曲线均右移.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.