带有V2G并网的电动汽车用增程器控制策略

增程器能够扩展电动汽车的续驶里程,但增程器的并网发电尚属研究空白. 为此,重点研究了增程器的并网方案和控制策略. 首先,提出了一种基于解耦双同步参考系锁相环的电气位置估算方法,并引入霍尔前馈提高其响应速度和估算精度,在此基础上设计了电网锁相环和电网电压的协调控制逻辑. 其次,采用多目标优化方法对增程器的控制参数进行了优化,减少了增程器的油耗和非必要的机械启停. 此外,对增程器的启停及工况点切换过程进行了深入探究. 最后,搭建了具有发动机、发电机及并网设备的增程器试验平台,进行了增程器电气角度算法验证试验、并网发电试验及工况协调验证试验等. 结果证明了提出的带有V2G并网的增程器控制策略的可行性和有效性.      

基于效率优化的增程式电动环卫车控制策略

为了提高增程式电动汽车在增程阶段的能量转换效率及整车的等效燃油经济性,以一款增程式电动环卫车为例,对增程器的3种不同控制策略进行了对比分析。首先基于台架试验的发动机油耗特性和发电机效率特性,合成得到增程器整体效率特性及其最优效率曲线,并在MATLAB/Simulink/Stateflow平台搭建整车正向动力系统仿真模型;然后对增程式电动汽车的等效能耗进行了推导,将所消耗燃油和电能全部换算为单一的燃油量;在此基础上基于中国典型城市客车运转工况,分别应用增程器定点发电、增程器沿最优效率曲线功率随动和增程器恒定转速随动输出功率这3种控制策略进行车辆行驶仿真试验。研究结果表明:增程器在定点发电模式下,能够始终工作于最高效率点,从而达到最优的能量转换效率,此时整车等效百公里油耗为29.22L;増程器在恒转速功率随动模式下效率最低,其等效百公里油耗为33.41L;增程器沿最优效率曲线的功率随动模式下比恒转速功率随动模式下的等效百公里油耗降低了约2.78L,达到30.63L。通过对比3种增程器控制策略的仿真结果发现,在增程式电动汽车増程器的电量消耗-电量维持工作模式下,定点发电模式能够使增程器达到最佳的工作效率并实现最小的整车等效百公里燃油消耗,可将其作为增程式电动汽车增程器的最佳控制策略。     

混合励磁电机的电动汽车增程器控制策略

针对增程器转速功率动态协调控制问题,提出了一种基于混合励磁电机的新型电动汽车增程器,阐述了其控制系统结构及工作原理.根据混合励磁增程器整体效率特性确定了多转速点工作区域,基于混合励磁电机气隙磁场的柔性可调特性,设计了围绕工作区域的增程器转速-功率解耦发电双闭环控制算法.利用MATLAB/Simulink搭建控制策略模型,基于自行开发的混合励磁增程器原理样机进行了试验验证.试验结果表明,混合励磁增程器输出发电功率动态响应快,转速、功率控制稳态误差小,稳态及瞬态运行工况均位于设定工作区域内,发电控制策略可行.     

电动公交车用增程器起停及切换过程优化

基于半实物仿真平台,对增程器起停及切换过程控制策略进行了优化.结果表明:倒拖转矩增大和倒拖终了转速提高后,增程器起动时间降至1.01s;暖机起动过程发动机颗粒排放数量浓度峰值达2.0×10~8个·cm~(-3);停机过程通过发电机加载转矩实现负载停机,转速波动得以明显抑制;采用快速起动和增大增程器输出电功率上升率限值后,整车动力性有所改善;切换过程发动机颗粒排放数量浓度峰值达2.5×10~8个·cm~(-3);发动机调速模式相对发电机调速模式,增程器电功率输出较平缓,但发动机更易偏离最佳油耗曲线.     

增程式电动汽车规则型能量管理策略对比

针对增程器小型化后的串联式增程式电动汽车能量管理策略问题,从发动机参数匹配角度对增程器小型化的方法进行了研究,采用逐步优化的方法提出了4种规则型能量管理策略.基于搭建的整车动力系统仿真平台,分别从发动机工作点分布、增程器效率以及动力电池充放电能量损失等方面对比分析了各控制策略燃油经济性存在差异的原因.离线及硬件在环仿真试验结果表明:增程器平均效率和动力电池充放电能量损失是影响车辆燃油经济性的主要因素;配置了小型化增程器的电动汽车,不适合照搬发动机开/关和功率跟随控制策略,采用最优曲线控制策略可获得较好的燃油经济性和控制效果.     

轮毂电机式增程电动车参数匹配与性能分析

针对传统增程电动车动力系统布置困难、轴荷分配不合理等问题,构建增程器前置轮毂电机后驱的动力系统构型,根据设计指标与整车参数完成动力系统参数匹配,利用MATLAB\\Simulink\\Stateflow搭建整车控制策略,利用AVL Cruise仿真软件在新欧洲驾驶循环(NEDC工况)下对整车的动力性、经济性与控制策略进行分析。仿真结果显示:整车百公里加速时间为10.35 s,最高车速为158.48 km/h,车速20 km/h时最大爬坡度为34%;NEDC工况下总续驶里程为311.53 km,纯电动模式下百公里电耗为16.67 kWh,增程模式下百公里油耗为6.18 L;各工作模式均可在特定工况下开启或关闭。提出的动力系统方案满足整车对动力性、经济性的要求,搭建的控制策略与增程式电动车的工作模式相符,相关研究为提高增程式电动的性能提供了解决思路。     

基于89C51的智能化设备运行时间记录仪的设计

介绍了一种利用89C51单片机、D S12887时钟芯片和字符型LCD构成的设备运行时间记录仪,用于记录设备启停时间和设备累计运行时间,以此作为大型设备维护和维修的参考依据.     

基于Isight的增程式电动汽车控制参数多目标优化

文章以某款增程式电动汽车(range-extended electric vehicle,REEV)为研究对象,设计了整车控制策略,借助整车性能仿真软件CRUISE和多学科设计优化软件Isight搭建了整车性能仿真和优化模型,并采用改进的非支配排序遗传算法(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm,NSGA-Ⅱ)对增程器控制参数进行多目标优化。优化结果表明,在满足整车能量需求的前提下,优化后的增程器总发电量减少了7.34%,汽车百公里燃油消耗量降低了8.28%。     

增程式电动汽车电驱动系统多模式切换控制

针对增程式电动汽车(Range-Extended Electric Vehicle,RE-EV)电驱动系统电动机驱动和发动机-发电机-电动机能量传递问题,建立了驱动电机动力学、动力电池动力学和增程器动力学数学模型,设计了电动低速、电动高速、增程低速和增程高速多模式切换控制过程,建立了电驱动系统切换控制逻辑关系,进行了1和10个循环工况下的道路实验.结果表明:速度-时间曲线下的最大爬坡度大于30%,符合性能设计指标;排放-时间曲线下的排放出现在10个工况循环中的2 400s,此时,增程器开始运行;电池容量-时间曲线下的电池放电深度从0.7下降到0.3时,增程器起动并控制电池放电深度在0.3~0.5.     

基于动态规划的E-REV能量管理策略研究

增程式电动汽车动力来源于增程器与动力电池,车辆运行过程中如何在两者之间分配需求功率,使得整车在行驶过程中燃油经济性最好,是增程式电动汽车能量管理策略核心的问题.提出一种基于动态规划的增程式电动汽车能量管理策略,运用动态规划对整个工况增程器与动力电池输出功率分配比例进行优化.欧洲标准行驶工况(NEDC)组合行驶工况的仿真结果表明:相比实车采用的恒温器式控制策略,基于动态规划的能量管理策略整车燃油经济性提高12.6%.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.