短程硝化联合厌氧氨氧化处理垃圾渗滤液的启动

针对晚期垃圾渗滤液脱氮难的问题,采用短程硝化SBR联合厌氧氨氧化SBR工艺处理晚期垃圾渗滤液.短程硝化SBR经过50 d驯化和培养,其最终出水亚硝态氮质量浓度维持在500 mg/L左右,短程硝化率稳定在98％以上.为了消除过高亚硝态氮对厌氧氨氧化菌的抑制,压氧氨氧化SBR由传统的操作模式改为反应期间连续进水间歇沉淀和出水,其水力停留时间控制在20 h.在配水驯化期,进水亚硝质量浓度由60 mg/L提升至395 mg/L,总氮容积去除速率由0.10 kg/(m3·d)提升至0.75 kg/(m3·d);驯化结束后,逐步掺入渗滤液,在实验的第156天,进水中的亚硝态氮全部由好氧SBR的出水提供.研究结果表明:渗滤液中难降解的COD未对厌氧氨氧化菌产生抑制作用,少量的反硝化作用反而提高了系统总氮的去除率,此时,系统的总氮容积去除速率为0.76 kg/(m3·d),进水COD、亚硝态氮和氨氮质量浓度分别为295,390,295 mg/L,出水CDO、亚硝态氮和氨氮质量浓度分别为246,1.3和0.6 mg/L;在不添加任何碳源的条件下,总氮去除率达90％以上.     

复合硝化菌群处理氨氮废水

从生物陶粒反应器中筛选出6株自养硝化细菌和2株异养硝化细菌,6株自养菌的硝化速率为1.03～1.25 mg(L·d).异氧菌SHY4和SHY5在氨氧化培养基中经过12 d的好氧培养,氨氮最终去除率分别为69.73%和80.78%.亚硝酸盐质量浓度最终分别增加到0.124和0.206 mg/L,SHY5在亚硝化培养基中,经过12 d的好氧培养,亚硝酸盐质量浓度最终降低8.87 mg/L,硝酸盐出现积累质量浓度最终增加0.48 mg/L.采用从生物陶粒反应器中分离出的自养硝化细菌和异养硝化细菌建立序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)进行了氨氮去除的试验研究,经过15～21 d的硝化处理,氨氮的平均去除率为64.38%.     

影响UASB厌氧氨氧化反应器脱氮性能的因素研究

目的研究溶解氧(DO)、温度、pH值和水力停留时间(HRT)对UASB厌氧氨氧化反应器脱氮性能的影响,寻找快速有效的脱氮处理途径.方法试验进水以人工配水的方式模拟城市生活污水,分别考察UASB反应器在不同的DO、温度、pH值和HRT反应条件下,通过检测进、出水中NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N与NO_3~--N的质量浓度,分析UASB厌氧氨氧化反应器的脱氮性能,并确定最优环境因素.结果在进水中NH_4~+-N和NO_2~--N质量浓度分别为50 mg/L和66 mg/L、ρ(DO)1 mg/L、温度为30~35℃、pH=7~8、HRT=12 h的反应条件下,该反应器中的菌种具有最大的生物活性,污水的脱氮效果最优,总氮(TN)去除率维持在80%以上.结论厌氧氨氧化反应最佳条件的确定,为厌氧氨氧化工艺脱氮性能稳定性的控制起到关键作用.     

以高盐渗滤液富集筛选氨氧化菌试验

目的研究利用渗滤液作为氨氧化菌富集培养基的可行性,筛选出的优势菌在不同条件下的脱氮效果,为渗滤液生物处理提供参考.方法通过对渗滤液富集后污泥进行氨氧化菌初筛和复筛结果选出的优势菌在静态试验下研究pH、进水底物浓度、溶解氧和盐度的影响和投加优势菌后氨氮氧化速率.结果 pH、溶解氧、底物质量浓度和盐度对优势菌的脱氮性能有一定的影响,优势菌的最佳pH为7.5~8,溶解氧质量浓度3 mg/L,进水底物质量浓度与所需溶解氧成正相关关系;优势菌表现出不同盐度耐受性,X1表现出耐盐特性,而X4表现出嗜盐特性.结论渗滤液高氨氮的特性使其有作为氨氧化菌富集培养基的条件,渗滤液富集筛选出的优势菌投加反应器后可有效提高反应器的氨氮去除率.     

有氧条件下ANAMMOX反应及其在HABR反应器中实现

为了深入研究厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)新型生物脱氮工艺,减轻水体氮素污染,防止水体富营养化,用无纺布填料进行了ANAMMOX细菌的培养和富集,并通过批式实验研究了DO存在时ANAMMOX反应的可行性及其在HABR反应器中的运行性能. 实验结果表明,在有氧条件下能够发生ANAMMOX反应,反应器中同时存在好氧氨氧化菌和厌氧氨氧化菌的协同作用. DO浓度为1.0～6.47 mg/L时,ANAMMOX细菌活性较低,NH 4-N和NO-2- N降解速率分别为1.52 mg/(L·h)和1.83 mg/(L·h);当DO浓度小于1.0 mg/L时,ANAMMOX细菌活性升高,降解速率分别达到3.40 mg/(L·h)和3.98 mg/(L·h). ANAMMOX工艺可以在HABR反应器中实现,受DO、温度等因素的影响,TN去除负荷较低,只有0.01 kg/(m3·d).     

反硝化-厌氧氨氧化掺杂培养的厌氧氨氧化菌影响因素研究

为了得到厌氧氨氧化菌最适宜的生长环境,利用培养成熟的厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥进行厌氧氨氧化菌的影响因素研究。探讨了温度、pH值、COD、进水基质(NH_4~+-N和NO_2~--N)对厌氧氨氧化菌活性的影响。研究结果表明:厌氧氨氧化菌最适温度为40℃;最适pH值范围为7.0~8.0;COD质量浓度低于100mg/L时,对厌氧氨氧化菌无明显抑制作用,COD质量浓度高于100mg/L时,反硝化菌生长占据优势,一定程度上抑制了厌氧氨氧化菌的活性;进水基质NH_4~+-N和NO_2~--N在质量浓度分别低于1 540mg/L和140mg/L时,厌氧氨氧化菌活性没有受到严重抑制。控制厌氧氨氧化工艺的最适生长条件,有利于厌氧氨氧化菌的快速生长,进而为厌氧氨氧化反应器的快速启动奠定基础。     

UASB反应器内同步厌氧氨氧化与甲烷化反硝化的研究

为进一步降低猪场示范工程排放废水中COD和氨氮的浓度,本试验尝试以葡萄糖配水模拟猪场废水,在同一个UASB反应器内实现同步的厌氧氨氧化、甲烷化和反硝化反应,以达到同时除碳脱氮的目的。结果表明,接种不同活性污泥于同一个UASB反应器内,经过约48 d反应器启动成功。在完成启动的反应器中添加亚硝酸盐氮和氨氮,使pH维持在7.3～8.3,温度、进水流量、回流量和水力停留时间等均与启动阶段保持一致,可逐步实现同步厌氧氨氧化和甲烷化反硝化。此阶段进水CODCr为500 mg/L,CODCr去除率在80%～90%之间,NO2-N去除率接近100%,氨氮去除率较低且处在波动状态。但是适当降低进水中有机物浓度,可在同时存在亚硝酸盐氮和氨氮的情况下提高厌氧氨氧化菌的竞争能力。当仅降低进水CODCr浓度(由500mg/L降至100 mg/L)时,氨氮去除率能缓慢升至30%以上。     

微氧条件下FA、FNA和pH对半短程硝化的影响

采用微孔曝气与机械搅拌相结合的序批式反应器(SBR),研究了微氧条件(0.3～0.5 mg/L溶解氧)下游离氨(FA)、游离亚硝酸(FNA)的质量浓度和pH对半短程硝化过程的影响。试验结果表明:在温度为(28±2)℃,进水pH值为7.8～8.3,FA的质量浓度为16～120 mg/L时均可实现稳定的半短程硝化,其中,FA的质量浓度为40 mg/L时亚硝酸盐积累率(NAR)最大,为95%.反应过程中发现,随着反应进行,FA浓度下降,FNA浓度上升,有利于抑制亚硝酸盐氧化细菌(NOB)生长,使实验过程中无需额外持续投加NaHCO_3维持恒定pH,可节约NaHCO_3约40%.反应运行94 d,氨氧化速率由40 mg/(L·h)上升到115 mg/(L·h).高通量测序发现,亚硝化单胞菌占比由32%增至39%;当FA的质量浓度高于40 mg/L时会明显降低氨氧化细菌(AOB)的增长速率,导致Nitrospira数量增多。     

垃圾渗滤液中有机物对其厌氧氨氧化的影响

为了考察垃圾渗滤液中有机物对其厌氧氨氧化反应的影响,保证晚期垃圾渗滤液的深度脱氮,采用短程硝化SBR联合厌氧氨氧化SBR(ASBR)两级系统处理氨氮为(2 000±100)mg/L、COD为(2 200±200)mg/L的实际晚期垃圾渗滤液进行试验研究.短程硝化SBR运行了100d,亚硝酸盐积累率达到了95%以上.ASBR采用进水逐步加大渗滤液掺入比例的方式进行驯化.实验结果表明,随着掺入比例的增大,进水可降解COD增加到150 mg/L左右时,ASBR的氮负荷速率从1.20 kg/(m3·d)降到了0.28 kg/(m3·d),氮去除速率从1.10 kg/(m3·d)下降到了0.19 kg/(m3·d),表明系统趋于崩溃.当ASBR进水可降解COD再次降低到50 mg/L左右时,系统的厌氧氨氧化菌活性得到了恢复,最大的氮负荷速率和氮去除速率分别达到了1.55和1.20 kg/(m3·d).定量PCR试验表明,当系统的厌氧氨氧化菌活性得到恢复后,厌氧氨氧化菌占全细菌的比例达到了试验期间的最大值1.94%.     

短程脱氮中不同分段进水模式下氧化亚氮产量

利用SBR反应器,控制曝气量为60 L/h,考察实际生活污水在不同分段进水模式下短程脱氮过程中N2O的产量.结果表明:N2O主要产生在硝化阶段;随着分段进水段数的增加,NO2-的积累减少.不同进水方式下SBR短程脱氮N2O产量不同,3种进水方式N2O产量由小到大顺序为:3次进水,2次进水,1次进水.其原因是由于氨氧化细菌(AOB)主要是以NO2-为电子受体,以还原性氢或者氨为电子供体进行好氧反硝化.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.