金钗石斛中生物碱提取的动力学分析

将金钗石斛用氨水浸润后,以氯仿为溶剂,在不同液固比、不同提取时间和不同提取温度下提取生物碱,以Fick第二定律为依据,以提取生物碱质量浓度为检测指标,求解提取动力学的表观传质速率方程、速率常数k、相对萃余率和表观活化能Ea等数值,建立金钗石斛生物碱提取过程的动力学模型.结果显示:在液固比为60,提取温度为60℃,提取时间为90 min时,所提取的生物碱质量浓度较高,金钗石斛生物碱提取过程的动力学基本符合一级动力学方程,在不同影响因素下,表观传质速率ln[C_∞/(C_∞-C_0)]、相对萃余率与时间t均有比较好的线性关系,提取动力学方程的活化能Ea为55.075 k J/mol.由此知金钗石斛生物碱提取过程的关键控制步骤为溶质的内扩散步骤.     

混合溶剂提取水葫芦叶绿素动力学模型

对水葫芦叶片所含叶绿素的提取动力学进行了实验研究。考察了在甲醇与丙酮混合溶剂叶绿素提取动力学行为。借助连串反应模式建立了叶绿素提取动力学方程,该方程能很好地描述从水葫芦叶片中提取叶绿素动力学特性,为水葫芦提取叶绿素过程开发提供了基础数据。     

在单一提取系统中同时测定五种植物抗氧化酶

文章介绍了在一个单一酶提取系统中同时提取并测定五种抗氧化酶。通过对酶测定反应的动力学分析，确定了各个酶测定的适宜参数，这一提取和测定系统使多种抗氧化酶的提取变得简单快速，并使酶活性测定结果有较好的准确性，重复性和可比性。     

超声提取中草药成分的动力学模型

根据Fick第一定律和中草药浸提机制,结合超声对植物细胞的破壁作用,建立了超声提取中草药有效成分的动力学模型.在不同提取时间和不同提取功率条件下,对银杏叶中黄酮成分进行了超声提取实验,实验结果与动力学模型结论一致.结果表明,在一定提取时间范围内,提取液浓度(In c)与提取时间(In t)呈线性关系.提取时间一定时,提取液浓度(In c)与超声提取功率(In P)具有线性关系.     

微波预处理强化山楂回流提取的作用机理

为揭示微波辅助技术强化中草药提取过程的机理，针对微波预处理．回流提取联合工艺，建立了提取动力学方程，并利用该方程模拟了山楂提取实验，探讨了微波功率和辐照时间对目标成分提取过程动态特性的影响．结果表明，回流提取时间均为2．5h，微波辐照80s，经65w和455W微波处理后的提取效果均较高，目标成分的提取量比未处理工艺分别提高了51．0％和47．7％．虽然上述不同功率水平的微波处理均能达到强化目标成分提取的效果，但微波强化提取的作用机制有所不同，前者在于材料内部较高的温度和含水量，后者在于较高的压力．微波作用主要通过2方面影响目标成分的提取动力学特性，一是影响目标成分与基质材料之间的解吸，二是影响基质材料内部的细微组织结构．     

连续循环超声波提取生产线的设计和研究

从国内超声波提取设备的工艺优缺点入手,介绍了循环超声波提取设备的结构及特点.并结合循环超声波提取技术设计了一套连续循环超声波提取生产线.该生产线包括物料包装系统、物料输送系统、超声波提取系统、提取液浓缩系统和回收系统.根据超声波萃取植物资源有效成分的动力学关系设定合理的工艺参数,得到实际生产数据,分析比较了该生产线与其他超声提取装置的优势所在.     

缩聚磷酸苯酯缩合反应动力学研究

对ＰＯＣｌ３与对苯二酚缩合反应动力学进行了研究，对反应机理作了推测，提出了反应本征动力学方程。宏观动力学测定表明反应拟为一级，其表观活化能为８６．２ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ．     

动力学系统中的模型提取 用于移动机器人控制

本书的主题是动力学系统中的模型提取，主要目的是通过使用模型提取技术为移动机器人汽车设计控制器。模型提取提供了一种简单的方法来描述动力学系统却仍能获取原始系统最重要的信息。另一个目的是对不确定初始条件下的模型提取技术进行研究。     

博落回生物碱的超声提取动力学模型

超声法提取博落回果荚中主要生物碱,并采用HPLC法对提取液进行生物碱含量测定,以此来研究博落回果荚中主要生物碱在超声条件下提取的动力学特征.获得了提取液中四种主要生物碱(原阿片碱,别隐品碱,血根碱和白屈菜红碱)的含量,并根据等温动力学方程图解法确定了提取过程的反应级数.求得了不同温度下四种主要生物碱的反应速率常数k,进一步依据速率常数k求得了四种生物碱的活化能.结果表明,超声提取博落回果荚中主要生物碱的过程符合二级动力学方程的模型.     

从茶叶中提取茶多酚的工艺探讨

用正交实验方法探讨了茶叶中茶多酚的最佳提取工艺。研究结果表明：用4倍于叶重体积的水溶液加热回流提取4次，每次提取20min，用2倍于提取水溶液体积的乙酸乙酯萃取3次，茶叶中茶多酚提取效果最好，其平均浸出率可达86．3％。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.