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1.
通过简单的石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)纳米片自组装沉积法,制备了g-C3N4包裹的SnO2-TiO2纳米复合材料.扫描电子显微镜观察显示,g-C3N4均匀地包裹在SnO2-TiO2纳米颗粒上.SnO2-TiO2-C3N4纳米复合材料被用作锂离子电池的负极材料,在0.2C的倍率下循环20次后,比容量达到380.2 mA·h·g-1,明显高于未经g-C3N4包裹的纯的SnO2(51.6 mA·h·g-1)和SnO2-TiO2纳米复合材料.在0.1~0.5C的倍率充放电测试中,SnO2-TiO2-C3N4纳米复合材料的比容量仅从490 mA·h·g-1衰减到330 mA·h·g-1,高倍率下抗衰减性能优于同类材料.材料优异的电化学性能归功于g-C3N4的包裹处理,这不仅增强了固体电解质界面(SEI)的稳定性,也抑制了锂离子嵌入-脱出时SnO2和TiO2纳米颗粒的体积变化.  相似文献   

2.
以硝酸铈为前驱物,以尿素为助剂,采用一种简单的模板法合成了介孔氮掺杂CeO2材料.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、吸附-脱附仪(BET)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等设备对合成材料进行表征.多种测试结果证明:试验得到的纳米材料具有均一的介孔结构和较高的比表面积(124.8 m2·g-1)并掺杂了氮元素.同时,测定了介孔CeO2材料对于CO2的吸附性能,并研究了氮掺杂对CeO2材料的CO2吸附性能的影响.结果表明:相比未掺杂氮的介孔CeO2,氮掺杂的介孔CeO2具有更好的CO2吸附性能和循环吸附脱附性能.  相似文献   

3.
采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了具有优良吸附性能的TiN-TiC复合材料。采用X射线衍射仪,热重分析仪,扫描电子显微镜,N2吸附-脱附仪和元素分析仪对该复合材料进行表征。结果发现,TiN-TiC复合材料具有介孔结构,比表面积为144.9 m2·g-1,平均孔径为7.44 nm。基于以上特性,研究了TiN-TiC复合材料对水中Cr(VI)的吸附能力。结果表明,在吸附温度为30℃、吸附时间为240 min、初始Cr(VI)质量浓度为100 mg·L-1、吸附剂投加量0.34 g·L-1的条件下,TiN-TiC复合材料对Cr(VI)的吸附量为284.45 mg·g-1。研究了相应的准一级、准二级动力学方程,结果表明,此复合材料对Cr(VI)的吸附动力学数据与准二级动力学方程有更好的相关性。  相似文献   

4.
通过溶胶凝胶燃烧法制备了钴铁氧体(CoFe2O4)纳米颗粒,并通过压片退火成型.XRD图谱显示样品成分无杂相.通过介电测试仪和振动样品磁强计测试了样品在室温下的介电性能和磁性能.试验结果表明,其介电常数和损耗都随着频率的变化而变化并展现出频散的行为,在低频范围内随着频率的增加而急剧减小,在高频范围内减小不明显.此外,其磁滞回线显示该类材料的饱和磁化强度、剩余磁化强度和矫顽力场分别为81.8 emu·g-1,29.4 emu·g-1和834.9 Oe.样品展现出良好的磁性能.  相似文献   

5.
铁氧化物锂离子电池负极材料具有比容量高、资源丰富、价格便宜和环境友好等优势,是目前高容量负极材料的研究热点之一.然而,铁氧化物负极材料巨大的体积效应、较差的循环性能以及大的首次可逆容量损失,影响了其在锂离子电池中的应用.目前研究最多的铁氧化物负极材料是α-Fe2O3和Fe3O4,理论容量分别为1007 mA·h·g-1和924 mA·h·g-1.关于其电化学性能的改进方法,包括制备不同形貌与尺寸的纳米结构材料以及铁氧化物/碳纳米复合材料.介绍了铁氧化物锂离子电池负极材料的储锂机理及其存在的问题,综述了各类铁氧化物负极材料的制备方法、影响因素及电化学性能,并对铁氧化物负极材料的进一步研究、发展应用予以展望.  相似文献   

6.
石墨相氮化碳纳米薄片(g-C3N4NSs)具有优良的电化学发光(ECL)性能和良好的成膜特性.以g-C3N4NSs作为ECL材料,利用其良好的成膜性能将其固定在玻碳电极(GCE)上,再以毒死蜱(CPF)作模板分子,甲基丙烯酸(MAA)作功能单体,通过分子自组装制备分子印迹聚合物(MIP).将该聚合物引入g-C3N4NSs修饰电极,构建了一个MIP-ECL传感器.除去模板分子的传感器能够选择性识别CPF,利用CPF对g-C3N4NSs ECL信号的淬灭作用实现了CPF的高灵敏、高选择性检测.传感器对CPF的线性响应范围是1.0×10-8~1.0×10-4mol·L-1,检出限(LOD)是5.0 nmol·L-1,用于蔬菜中CPF残留量检测,结果令人满意.  相似文献   

7.
为探明3种观赏性石斛属Dendrobium Sw.植物在光合生理方面的差异,为其栽培及规模化种植提供理论依据。本研究以3种观赏性石斛(叠鞘石斛D.denneanum Kerr.、流苏石斛D.fimbriatum Hook.和束花石斛D.chrysanthum Wall.ex Lindl.)为材料,测定其叶片的光响应曲线、CO2响应曲线及叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值),探究其光合特性。结果表明,叠鞘石斛、流苏石斛和束花石斛3种石斛属植物的光补偿点(LCP)分别为2.15 μmol·m-2·s-1、3.74 μmol·m-2·s-1、1.79 μmol·m-2·s-1,光饱和点(LSP)分别为995.09 μmol·m-2·s-1、679.44 μmol·m-2·s-1、712.28 μmol·m-2·s-1,LCP均低于5 μmol·m-2·s-1,LSP均低于1 000 μmol·m-2·s-1,属于典型的阴生植物,具有较强的耐阴性;3种石斛的最大净光合速率(Pmax)分别为3.54 μmol·m-2·s-1、3.86 μmol·m-2·s-1、4.03 μmol·m-2·s-1,表观量子效率(AQY)分别为0.042,0.044和0.051,束花石斛的Pmax和AQY最大,光合作用能力较强。3种石斛的CO2响应曲线中,最大净光合速率(Amax)大小依次为叠鞘石斛(11.99 μmol·m-2·s-1)、流苏石斛(10.87 μmol·m-2·s-1)、束花石斛(4.75 μmol·m-2·s-1),叠鞘石斛利用CO2进行光合作用的能力最强;3种石斛的CO2饱和点(CSP)无显著性差异,在CO2浓度不大于2 000 μmol·mol-1时均未到达饱和点;CO2补偿点(CCP)具有显著性差异,CCP分别为100.12 μmol·m-2·s-1、158.02 μmol·m-2·s-1、134.44 μmol·m-2·s-1,其中叠鞘石斛的CCP最低,对低浓度CO2的利用能力最强。3种石斛叶片的SPAD值分别为51.09,56.93和58.06,其高低与其净光合速率的大小有一定程度的相关性。在3种石斛中,束花石斛的光合作用能力最强,对弱光的利用能力较强;流苏石斛对弱光的利用能力较弱,光照适应范围狭窄;叠鞘石斛对强光的利用能力较强,光合作用适应范围较广。此外,3种石斛均具有较强的耐阴性,对CO2的耐受性也较强,在种植时应提供适当的遮阴和增加CO2浓度来提高石斛的光合作用能力。  相似文献   

8.
通过简单的固相法和液相法,分别制备出石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)表面改性的商品化LiCoO2复合材料,采用扫描电子显微镜观察改性后的材料,发现g-C3N4都均匀地包裹在LiCoO2表面。两种g-C3N4-LiCoO2复合材料被用作锂离子电池的正极材料,电化学测试结果显示,固相法制得的g-C3N4-LiCoO2复合材料在0.2 C的倍率下充放电测试,首次比容量达167 mA·h·g-1,循环80次后,比容量仍达132 mA·h·g-1,高于未经g-C3N4包裹的纯LiCoO2(98 mA·h·g-1);液相法制得的Y-C3N4-LiCoO2复合材料循环稳定性明显优于同类材料,循环80次后容量保持率均在95%以上。试验证实,g-C3N4表面改性的策略具有一定的实用价值,改性后,材料优异的电化学性能归因于g-C3N4的包裹处理,这不仅增强了固体电解质界面(SEI)的稳定性,也抑制了锂离子嵌入/脱出电极材料时引起LiCoO2体积的变化。  相似文献   

9.
环境中化石燃料的大量使用导致CO2浓度不断增加,这是全球变暖的主要原因。为了解决这一问题,开发一种高效廉价的吸附材料至关重要。以甘蔗渣为碳源,尿素为N源,通过碳化和K2CO3活化制备出N掺杂多孔碳。多孔碳的物理化学性质用N2解吸等温线、傅里叶红外光谱、元素分析、扫描电子显微镜观察和X射线衍射等方法进行表征。结果表明:该材料具有高度发达的孔隙、较高的N含量和较高的石墨化程度。当尿素与甘蔗渣混合比是2、碳化温度是800℃、K2CO3浸渍比是3时,多孔碳的比表面积高达2 486.67 m2·g-1,同时CO2吸附量高达250.73 mg·g-1。由此可见以廉价的甘蔗渣制备N掺杂的多孔碳用于吸附CO2具有广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

10.
通过研究硬叶兜兰(Paphiopedilum micranthum)、带叶兜兰(P.hirsutissimum)和长瓣兜兰(P.dianthum)3种兜兰属植物的光合特性,为其种质资源保育及引种栽培提供理论依据。以广西雅长兰科植物国家级自然保护区内3种兜兰属植物为试验材料,测定其叶片的光响应曲线、CO2响应曲线以及叶绿素含量,比较3种兜兰光合特性的差异。结果表明:硬叶兜兰、带叶兜兰和长瓣兜兰的最大净光合速率(Pmax)分别为2.719 μmol·m-2·s-1、1.836 μmol·m-2·s-1、2.015 μmol·m-2·s-1,光饱和点(LSP)分别为578.74 μmol·m-2·s-1 、467.72 μmol·m-2·s-1、481.25 μmol·m-2·s-1,光补偿点(LCP)均较低,分别为15.65 μmol·m-2·s-1、12.79 μmol·m-2·s-1、10.34 μmol·m-2·s-1,是典型的阴生植物。硬叶兜兰的最大净光合速率(Pmax)、CO2饱和点(CSP)、羧化效率(CE)均显著高于长瓣兜兰和带叶兜兰(P<0.05),硬叶兜兰对CO2的利用能力更强。叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)表现为硬叶兜兰(58.13)>长瓣兜兰(55.12)>带叶兜兰(51.88)。3种兜兰属植物的光合能力较弱,对光的利用范围狭窄,在引种栽培时应注意增加荫蔽度。  相似文献   

11.
以喷射成形Fe-6.5Si过喷粉末为研究对象,采用OM、XRD、VSM、TEM等手段研究了不同球磨工艺条件下所得合金粉末的组织形貌及微观结构对软磁性能的影响,据此找到较佳的球磨工艺条件.结果表明:Fe-6.5Si合金过喷粉末在366 r·min-1下球磨24 h后,平均晶粒尺寸为25.9 nm.球磨后粉末的磁性能受残余应力和晶粒尺寸的共同影响,在366 r·min-1下球磨18 h获得了最佳的磁性能,其饱和磁化强度为205.37 emu·g-1,矫顽力为30.096 Oe.  相似文献   

12.
Novel adsorbent, Fe(III)-loaded ligand exchange cotton cellulose adsorbent [Fe(III)LECCA], was used to investigate the adsorption performances and mechanism of fluoride removal from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent was found to adsorb fluoride rapidly and effectively. The fluoride removal was influenced by pH. Adsorption model followed first-order reaction at different temperature, theapparent adsorption activated energyE, was 6.37 kJ·mol−1, and adsorption enthalpy ΔH was 5.35 kJ·mol−1. The adsorption capacity of fluoride on adsorbent was 3.2 mmol·g−1 (dry weight). The maximal integer coordination ratio of fluoride with Fe(III) LECCA was 3∶1. The ligand exchange mechanism of adsorption was elucidated through chemical methods and IR spectral analysis. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (29977010) and Shanghai Priority Academic Discipline Biography: ZHAO Ya-ping (1974-), female, Ph.D., research direction: water and wastewater treatment.  相似文献   

13.
Lithium iron phosphate coated with carbon (LiFePO4/C) was synthesized by improved solid-state reaction using comparatively lower temperature and fewer sintering time. The carbon came from citric acid, which acted as a new carbon source. It was characterized by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), X ray diffractometer (XRD), Element Analysis (EA) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). We also studied the electrochemical properties of the material. The first discharge capacity of the LiFePO4/C is 121 mAh·g−1 at 10 mA·g−1, at room temperature. When the current density increased to 100 mA·g−1, the first discharge capacity decreased to 110 mAh·g−1 and retained 95% of the initial capacity after 100 cycles. The LiFePO4/C obtained shows a good electrochemical capacity and cycle ability at a large current density. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20071026) Biography: ZHOU Xin-wen (1980-), male, Master, research direction: inorganic material chemistry.  相似文献   

14.
污泥活性炭对活性艳红K-2BP染料的吸附特性研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
以城市污水处理厂脱水污泥作为原料,采用化学活化法(ZnCl2作为活化剂)制得污泥活性炭,并将其用于吸附活性艳红K-2BP染料.考察了吸附剂投加量、吸附时间和pH值对吸附效果的影响,并对其吸附动力学和热力学特性进行了探讨. 结果表明,所制得的污泥活性炭的碘吸附值为326mg.g-1,产率为51.31%,BET比表面积为298m2.g-1,具有中孔性和开放的孔结构,浸出液重金属含量不超标;污泥活性炭对活性艳红K-2BP的吸附动力学符合二阶段吸附速率方程和伪二级动力学方程;此吸附为优惠吸附,Langmuir等温方程比Freundlich等温方程更适合于描述此吸附行为;此吸附是一个吸热过程(吸附焓ΔH>0),提高温度有利于吸附的进行,吸附自发进行(吸附自由能ΔG<0),吸附熵ΔS总是正值.  相似文献   

15.
0 IntroductionThejetloopreactorhasthecharacteristicsofbothjetandloopflow .Ononehand ,theairsuckedinisdispersedintosmallgasbubblesbecauseoftheshearingforcecausedbythehighvelocityjet,producinganincreasedinterfacialcontactbe tweengasandliquid ,thusthemasstransferefficiencyisin creased .Ontheotherhand ,aregularloopflowisformedbecauseofmutualimpetusofbothjetandair lift,thusdramaticallyim provestheperformancesofmixture ,diffusion ,masstransferandheattransferofthematerial.Withoutmechanicdriving ,the…  相似文献   

16.
Formic (HCOOH) and acetic (CH3COOH) acids are the chief carboxylic compounds in the troposphere[1]. Although weak acids, they contribute significantly to the free acidity, ionic balance of precipitation and the chemical reactions in the atmosphere, especially in the remote areas[2—4]. General sources for formate and acetate have been identified in the past 3 decades although a satisfactory source attribution is lacking to explain atmospheric observations[5]. Possible sources include veget…  相似文献   

17.
Carbonaceous particles in Muztagh Ata ice core,West Kunlun Mountains,China   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Liu  XianQin  Xu  BaiQing  Yao  TanDong  Wang  NingLian  Wu  GuangJian 《科学通报(英文版)》2008,53(21):3379-3386
Carbonaceous particles concentrations of OC and EC are determined using a two-step gas chroma- tography system in Muztagh Ata ice core covering the time period of 1955--2000. Over the period represented by the core, OC and EC concentrations appear to have changed significantly, varied in the range of 17.7--216.7 and 6.5--124.6, and averaged 61.8, 32.9 ng·g^-1, respectively. The average concentration of EC in Muztagh Ata ice core is much lower than that in an Alpine ice core record (100--300 ng·g^-1) during the same period, but it is a factor of 14 in Greenland ice core (2.3 ng·g^-1), this may induce a strong impact on the snow albedo in the last 46 years in our study area. Observations indicate two periods with obviously high deposition concentrations (1955--1965 and 1974--1989) and two periods with low concentrations (1966--1973 and 1990--1995), as well as a recent increasing trend. By comparing EC and SO4^2- concentration variations and deciphering OC/EC ratios recorded in the same ice core, we can judge roughly that the carbonaceous particles deposited in Muztagh Ata ice core were attributed to fossil fuel combustion sources.  相似文献   

18.
Gallium, Ge, V, and U are the associated valuable elements in coal. From the 1950s to the 1970s, some researchers in the departments of coal industry and mineral resources of China investigated these elements in coal during geological explorations. The enrichment mechanism and the environmental influence of trace elements in coal have been deeply studied in recent twenty years. With respect to the ore-forming theories and practical utilizations of metals in coal, germanium was furthest studi…  相似文献   

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