滚动窗口局部路径规划在未知环境中的应用

为了实现未知复杂环境下机器人的局部路径规划,提出了一种新的局部路径规划方法,使机器人自主探测周边障碍物情况.通过滚动窗口计算局部目标等途径进行路径规划,从而实现机器人无碰撞到达全局目标点.该方法可以使机器人在未知复杂环境中较快较好地进行路径规划.仿真试验表明该方法具有可行性、有效性和实时性.     

移动机器人避障路径规划改进人工势场法

针对路径规划中的大型障碍物,机器人、障碍物与目标点三者一线,以及局部最小值等困难问题,提出了相应的改进人工势场算法。针对大型障碍物问题,采用障碍物边界斥力算法改进传统人工势场斥力函数,确保算法的实用性。针对机器人、障碍物与目标点三者在同一条直线时目标不可达问题,应用虚拟子目标引力算法,确保目标点是机器人的势场全局最小点,使得机器人能顺利到达目标点。针对在障碍物环境下的局部最小值问题,采用区域隔离障碍物的方法,使机器人快速走出局部最小值区域。仿真结果验证了改进算法的有效性。     

改进人工势场法的移动机器人局部路径规划

针对传统人工势场法存在的局部极小点问题,提出了基于虚拟目标点和环境判断的改进方法,实现移动机器人的局部路径规划。当移动机器人陷入局部极小点陷阱时,设置虚拟目标点,引导机器人跳出局部极小点陷阱;同时加入环境判断条件,判断机器人是否处于近似封闭的障碍物环境中,是否有绕圈而无法到达目标点的危险;最后,对改进算法进行了仿真验证。结果表明,加入判断条件的虚拟目标点法在可能存在陷阱区域的运行环境(如一字型障碍物、U型障碍物、近似封闭的障碍物和混合障碍物)下,均能顺利到达目标点。     

室内动态环境下的移动机器人自主避障策略

针对室内未知动态环境移动机器人自主避障问题,提出一种融合动态障碍物方向判断策略及子目标点更新策略的自适应模糊神经网络优化避障算法,并依据该算法设计移动机器人避障控制系统。首先,分析移动机器人的运动模型,获取机器人的目标角度;然后由超声波传感器获取障碍物距离信息,由障碍物距离信息判断动态障碍物运动方向并更新子目标点;最后利用自适应模糊神经推理系统实时输出机器人的转向角与速度,实现对机器人转向角的控制,使机器人能够无碰撞地到达目标点。研究结果表明:本文提出的算法能够使移动机器人在未知动态环境下识别障碍物、判断动态障碍物的运动方向以实现自主避障;相对于无子目标点更新策略,移动机器人平均移动速度提高11.75%,验证了所提算法的有效性。     

一种移动机器人动态环境下的路径规划

一种动态环境下自主机器人路径规划的方法由趋于目标的全局运动规划和躲避障碍物的局部运动规划两部分组成.首先通过栅格法建立机器人的工作环境,利用蚁群算法初步规划出机器人的全局优化路径;在此基础上,采用滚动窗口的方法进行局部环境探测和碰撞预测,对动态障碍物实行局部避碰,使机器人安全顺利地到达目的地.该方法适用于环境中同时存在静止和动态障碍物的情况.仿真结果证明该方法有效.     

基于改进人工势场的智能车动态避障算法

针对传统人工势场法在动态环境中易与障碍物发生碰撞的问题,采用了一种适用于动态环境的改进型人工势场法。通过进行局部极小值检测并增设虚拟子目标点,解决了传统人工势场法存在的局部最优问题;通过引入智能车和目标点的相对距离因子对障碍物的斥力势场进行调控,使目标点处的合力势场为全局最小值,减少了障碍物在目标点附近对智能车的影响,使智能车顺利到达目标点;通过在斥力势场函数中引入障碍物相对速度势场和道路边界势场,解决了动态障碍物条件下人工势场法经常面临的碰撞问题。仿真实验结果显示,改进后的人工势场算法可以在动态障碍物环境中规划出一条安全可靠的行驶路径。     

基于改进人工势场的水下机器人路径规划

针对传统人工势场法中的局部极小点问题,引入势场栅格对水下机器人的运动环境建模,基于障碍物对每个栅格节点的不同影响构建了改进的人工势场.通过累计水下机器人路径所经过的栅格点的势能与路径本身长度的势能,完成势能累计最小的最优路径的搜索.针对不同的栅格数目环境、多障碍物密集环境及目标点近距离接近障碍物的环境分别进行了规划仿真...     

基于模糊神经控制的移动机器人避障研究

机器人路径规划技术是机器人研究的一个重要领域,其主要任务是在机器人工作空间中寻求一条从起始点到达目标点的无碰撞路径,并且满足路径最短或时间最短等条件。由于精确的系统模型参数和传感器数据的获取比较困难,传统的路径规划方法具有很大的局限性。模糊逻辑算法不依赖精确的数学模型和环境信息,对于机器人路径规划问题具有明显优势。本文基于模糊控制方法研究了未知环境下的机器人局部路径规划问题。     

基于双层模糊控制器的动态路径规划

为解决没有通信情况下的多机器人系统在未知动态环境下的路径规划问题,设计了采用双层模糊控制器方法的危险度模糊控制器和速度模糊控制器.危险度模糊控制器充分考虑了运动障碍物的速度信息,把机器人同障碍物之间的碰撞可能性用基于碰撞时间因子和碰撞距离因子的碰撞危险度来表示,使之更适合于动态的环境.速度模糊控制器的输入充分考虑了目标...     

未知环境中机器人避障路径规划研究

针对人工势场法机器人路径规划具有目标不可达与存在局部极小值点等问题,提出了改进后的人工势场法模型,将未知环境中的障碍以网格地图的形式设计出来,使机器人通过感知来规避障碍朝目标移动。运用MATLAB GUI设定形成一个包含障碍与目标点的二维坐标系统环境,在其平面地图中使机器人从初始位置到期望位置进行最优轨迹移动仿真试验。试验显示,改进后的人工势场法能使移动机器人在未知环境中导航避开障碍并找出合适路径,以达到无碰撞要求。仿真结果接近预期效果,表明该方法能有效提高移动机器人在未知环境中路径规划的可行性及其避障的有效性。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

Features of Women''s language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme