两种闪电定位资料的对比分析

为更准确地应用闪电定位资料,实现资料的共享、互补,更好地为防雷减灾服务,利用贵州省2017年ADTD、VLF/LF两种闪电定位资料,运用数理统计等方法结合SPSS、MATLAB和ArcMap对闪电频次、雷电流强度等的时间分布和雷电流强度变化等进行对比分析。发现贵州省云闪中正闪发生的概率较高,正闪比例的峰值区域集中在冬季且雷电流强度最高; ADTD的雷电流强度整体大于VLF/LF,均较符合高斯分布;从探测到的闪电次数分析VLF/LF的探测效率较ADTD高。可见两套系统探测结果存在异同,因受探测站点安装时间的制约,需要积累长时间数据进行对比分析。     

基于多种资料的建筑物防雷类别对高度的敏感性分析

利用人工雷暴日资料、闪电定位资料,分析了建筑物防雷类别对高度的敏感性差异。首先通过对比新、旧《建筑物防雷设计规范》在计算建筑物防雷类别时的不同,发现新规范比旧规范对高度的敏感性更高。对比了人工雷暴日资料和闪电定位资料随距离变化的相关性,得出只有在观测站20 km范围内的项目使用规范公式才较准确。通过对具体建筑防雷类别的计算,可以看出使用规范公式和闪电定位数据计算的结果差异较大,闪电定位资料更为合理。     

甘肃闪电监测定位系统组网分析

从时差法闪电定位原理出发,通过对甘肃省闪电定位系统探测站地理分布的介绍,利用闪电定位评估软件,分析了甘肃省闪电定位系统的探测精度和探测效率,同时结合甘肃省实际情况说明了雷电定位系统的网络结构及探测站安装的环境要求。     

东北较高纬度地区夏季闪电与雷暴相关参数的关系研究

利用VLF/LF闪电定位系统数据,并结合多普勒雷达以及卫星云图资料,对2009~2010年较高纬度东北地区夏季的闪电与雷暴相关参数的关系进行了研究.结果表明:闪电多发生在雷达回波强度大于40dBz的区域,雷暴发生闪电时其30dBz雷达回波最大高度大于6km;在雷暴的演变过程中,闪电的峰值时间略滞后于30dBz雷达回波最大高度的峰值;闪电频数和30dBz雷达回波最大高度存在指数增长关系;闪电主要发生在云顶红外温度在210~240K的区域,在消散阶段,雷暴云云顶高度降低、红外温度较高.     

大连地区闪电定位资料的初步分析

利用大连地区2004-2006年SAFIR3000闪电定位系统定位资料,分析了该地区闪电的月变化、雷暴日的月变化、闪电强度、闪电密度等特征。结果表明,大连地区云间闪和云地闪的数量月变化呈双峰分布,雷暴日的月变化呈单峰分布;雷电流强度多数分布在＋50到-150KA范围内,电流强度绝对值大于100KA的强雷电主要集中在负闪电区域;大连市区、旅顺口区、瓦房店市西部和陆海交界处是闪电频发的重灾害地带,闪电多发区与当地环境有很大关系。     

基于闪电定位系统的海南岛闪电活动特征分析

利用ADTD-2C型闪电定位探测系统监测的2014—2015年海南岛闪电信息,通过数理统计等方法,分析和研究了海南岛闪电的时空分布规律和活动特征,结果表明:ADTD-2C型闪电定位系统能够全面监测海南岛的闪电信息,闪电信息能够有效反映海南岛的闪电活动特征.海南岛闪电频数具有"单峰"特征,全年各月均有发生闪电的记录,4~11月份是海南岛发生闪电的主要月份.闪电发生时段较为集中,主要是从午后开始,至傍晚达到最高峰.海南岛负地闪频数远大于正地闪频数,且负地闪强度显著高于正地闪强度.正地闪的雷电流幅值主要集中在6 k A~30 k A,负地闪的强度主要集中在-60 k A~-7 k A.海南岛北部的闪电密度要明显高于南部地区,北部和南部闪电强度相对较大,西部和中部地区闪电强度相对较小.     

闪电定位误差及探测效率评估

为了实现闪电定位中定位误差及探测效率评估的自动化,从时差法闪电定位原理出发,分析了闪电定位原理存在的问题及其定位的误差来源。采用计算机模拟的方法,实现了对闪电的定位误差及探测效率的定量评估。以安徽省闪电定位网为例,说明了利用评估软件可以对已有的闪电定位网络作出有效的定位误差评估。分析了几种不同几何分布的布站效果,给出了几种基本布站模型,为将要布设的闪电定位网布站方案的提出提供选址依据。     

高原负地闪前云闪K-型击穿过程的观测研究

利用CPS同步的高时间分辨率闪电电场变化仪,对青藏高原东部地区的雷电特征进行了多点同步观测,得到了1 μs时间分辨率的多站同步闪电电场变化资料．利用高频辐射脉冲到达不同测站的时间差,对一次负地闪前的云闪K-型击穿过程进行了分析,得到了其放电过程的起始位置和发展路径．K口型击穿过程起始于云中部的负电荷区,并以1．5×107m／s的速度向下部正电荷区域传播．雷暴云中正、负电荷离地高度分别为2．5～3．5km和5．0～6．0km．     

昼夜变化对FY-4A闪电成像仪探测性能的影响

为了探究昼夜变化对卫星闪电成像仪探测性能的影响,利用低频磁天线闪电定位系统与FY-4A闪电成像仪(Lightning Mapping Imager,LMI)的闪电探测数据匹配方法,分析了2020年9月份于广东省及其周边地区发生的四次雷暴过程,并阐明昼夜变化因素对LMI探测性能的影响。研究发现：地基与星载闪电探测的空间分布特征、时间变化特征具有较好的一致性,但是地基探测的闪电数量更多,闪电分布更加密集。闪电匹配率与卫星探测率在日出后三至四小时内突然下降,于日落前2小时左右突然增加,匹配率与探测率的突然增加与减少是由昼夜交替时LMI探测闪电数量的快速变化引起的。昼夜变化对LMI的探测性能产生显著影响,夜晚的探测效率大约是白天的10倍。即使雷暴活动增强,白天匹配率和探测率依然相对较低。     

南昌地区大气电场的阈值确定

利用南昌地区大气电场仪数据和闪电定位资料,分析了南昌地区2017年5月至8月内的12个雷暴过程。对比分析了这12个雷暴过程中大气电场仪数据和闪电定位数据的特性,得出了大气电场仪的平均预警时间以及在距离大气电场仪10～20 km、5～10 km以及5 km范围内的大气电场仪的预警的准确率。通过上述得出的预警时间,利用闪电定位资料分析得出了不同范围内的大气电场仪的平均值。进而得出了大气电场仪的3级预警的预警值分别为2kV/m、4kV/m和6kV/m。其对应的含义分别为:当电场仪的值达到第1级预警的阈值2kV/m时,距电场仪20 km内有75%的概率发生闪电;当电场仪的值达到第2级预警的阈值4k V/m,距电场仪10 km内有85%的概率发生闪电;当电场仪的值达到第3级预警的阈值6kV/m,距电场仪5km内有90%的概率发生闪电。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.