某MPV正面碰撞乘员侧胸部损伤优化

为了提高某MPV的正面碰撞安全性能,基于该车型正面碰撞试验工况,建立了乘员侧的MADYMO仿真模型。根据正面碰撞试验获得的假人损伤数据,进行了该模型有效性的验证。并依据2015版中国新车评价规程(C-NCAP)管理规定和约束系统能量管理技术,从安全带限力等级、预紧器、安全气囊气袋刚度三个方面对乘员胸部进行了优化,同时进行了试验验证。结果表明,这三个方面可以有效地降低假人的伤害,提高了该车型乘员侧在正面碰撞工况下的得分。     

某多用途车正面碰撞乘员侧胸部损伤优化

为了提高某多用途车(multi-purpose vehiclen,MPV)的正面碰撞安全性能,基于该车型正面碰撞试验工况,建立了乘员侧的MADYMO仿真模型。根据正面碰撞试验获得的假人损伤数据,进行了该模型有效性的验证;并依据2015版中国新车评价规程(C-NCAP)管理规定和约束系统能量管理技术,从安全带限力等级、预紧器、安全气囊气袋刚度三个方面对乘员胸部进行了优化;同时进行了试验验证。结果表明,这三个方面可以有效地降低假人的伤害,提高了该车型乘员侧在正面碰撞工况下的得分。     

正面碰撞中安全带预紧方式对驾驶员损伤影响研究

采用MADYMO软件建立了丰田Yaris正面碰撞下驾驶员侧约束系统仿真模型,并通过与实车试验数据进行对标分析验证了该模型的有效性;然后基于验证过的模型研究了正面碰撞中不同安全带预紧方式对驾驶员的损伤影响;同时,在配备预紧限力式安全带的基础上,分析了卷收器预紧、带扣预紧以及双级预紧安全带对假人的保护效果。仿真结果表明,预紧限力式安全带对假人的保护效果优于仅预紧式、仅限力式以及普通三点式安全带,而且在预紧量相同的情况下,卷收器预紧与带扣预紧对假人损伤影响无明显差异,但双预紧式安全带可有效降低假人头部和胸部损伤值。     

客车侧翻碰撞中安全带对乘员损伤的影响分析

参照欧洲ECE R66法规要求,建立客车侧翻仿真模型及其乘员约束系统模型。利用LS_DYNA软件对客车侧翻碰撞试验和客车座椅动态试验进行模拟分析,并与试验结果进行对比,结果表明,有限元模型具有较高的精度。将4个HybridⅢ50%男性假人模型放置在客车最薄弱的车身段座椅上。对客车侧翻过程中,3种约束条件(无安全带、两点式安全带和三点式安全带)的乘员损伤情况进行分析。研究结果表明:无安全带约束时,假人头部和颈部将受到严重损害;两点式安全带和三点式安全带对于所有假人颈部及胸部的保护效果相近;两点式安全带能有效降低大部分假人的头部损伤风险,但碰撞侧外侧假人头部损伤值仍较高。     

基于某SUV正碰台车试验的有限元建模仿真研究

台车碰撞试验是约束系统开发的主要试验验证方法,基于某SUV的正碰台车试验,建立了乘员侧约束系统有限元模型,介绍了约束系统模型中假人定位、座椅、安全带、白车身、气囊的建模方法,并用LS-DYNA软件进行计算,依据C-NCAP管理规则对假人伤害进行评分。有限元计算结果显示,假人运动姿态、假人各部位伤害曲线与试验相比较吻合,各部位得分与试验基本一致,验证了约束系统模型的有效性。     

儿童乘员伤害指标及下潜趋势的影响因素

建立了基于多刚体动力学MADYMO软件的儿童乘员约束系统台车碰撞系统的仿真模型,包括儿童座椅增高垫、成人安全带系统、后排座椅、6岁儿童假人,研究了成人安全带系统的限力器和预紧器的相关参数对儿童乘员碰撞响应和损伤值的影响.结果表明:卷收器预紧器可有效减小儿童乘员伤害值,同时减小儿童乘员的下潜风险;而锚点预紧器会增大儿童乘员的下潜风险,锚点预紧器与安全带单向锁止器配合使用可降低儿童乘员的下潜风险;广泛用于降低成年人碰撞伤害的4.0kN卷收器式限力器在本研究中被证实对于儿童乘员没有明显的保护效果,减小成人安全带限力值可对儿童起到较好保护作用.     

车辆碰撞计算机模拟分析与评价

针对某型轿车进行了正面和侧面碰撞计算机模拟分析与评价.建立了含50百分位的HybridⅢ型假人及安全带约束系统的整车有限元模型,根据动态非线性有限元法的基本原理,建立碰撞过程描述方程和结构有限元离散化方程.在LS-DYNA环境下,对整车集成系统进行了正面和侧面碰撞的数值模拟和分析,求解出了碰撞时整车位移、速度和加速时间,并分析了该车在碰撞过程中主要吸能部件的吸能效果及能量与力的传播途径,以及假人的伤害程度.仿真结果表明,含假人的汽车碰撞过程计算机模拟,不仅能预测汽车结构本身的耐撞性能,还能较准确地预测碰撞过程中乘员的响应与伤害程度,对于减少实车碰撞试验次数,加快新车型开发速度具有重要意义.     

某车型侧面碰撞假人胸部伤害优化分析

通过PSM_Scaling的方法对某车型侧面碰撞仿真假人伤害值进行拟合,在模型验证的基础上,对侧面气囊点火时刻和泄气孔尺寸进行优化,改善假人胸部伤害情况.优化后肋骨压缩量最大值有所降低,T12弯矩Mx和T12力Fy得到明显改善,通过实车试验对优化方案进行验证,结果表明,假人胸部得分提高了2.98分.     

SUV翻滚模拟及其乘员约束系统的开发

为研究与开发出能够在翻滚碰撞中保护乘员的约束系统,针对某SUV车型,依据FMVSS208法规,采用有限元与多刚体相结合的方法,搭建了整车斜台翻滚仿真模型,并对仿真模型进行了试验验证,结果表明,车顶与地面接触时刻及对应时刻车顶溃缩变形量的仿真结果与试验结果具有较好的一致性。在引入HybridⅢ50th男性假人并佩戴三点式安全带及配置侧安全气帘的情况下研究了约束系统的效用,结果表明,佩戴三点式安全带在翻滚碰撞中能够对乘员躯干部分形成有效保护,但对头部与颈部的保护效果不佳;所开发的具有二级点火功能的翻滚安全气帘能对乘员头、颈部进行有效保护,在安全带配合安全气帘使用的情况下,头部合成加速度峰值减少68. 62%,颈部受力减少32. 90%,假人头部HIC36减少58. 10%。     

汽车安全带新型预紧器的结构与性能仿真

提出了一种作为安全带预紧器核心部件的新型离合机构,应用该机构开发了一套新型预紧式汽车安全带,介绍了它的结构组成、工作原理和性能.建立了安全带机构力学模型,利用ADAMS软件进行机构运动学仿真和分析,结果表明离合机构传动可靠,织带回卷量与设计要求吻合;采用MADYMO软件建立了正面碰撞模型,仿真分析表明人体头部伤害指数、胸部加速度、大腿骨轴向力和胸部变形量均在GB11551-2003和ECER94等相关标准的规定范围之内,其它如粘性伤害响应、组合胸部指数和胸部累积3 ms损伤等人体损伤指标也处在较小的区间,正则化伤害评价值约为0.48,说明该新型安全带能够有效降低乘员伤害值,具有较好的乘员保护效能.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme     

WIMAX与WI-FI技术分析及联合组网

介绍了WiMAX与Wi-Fi两种无线宽带接入技术,并对两者之间的关系及相互之间的影响做了对比及分析,并对WiMAX的关键技术进行了详细说明,最后对两者的联合组网方式做了简单的探讨。