有机质去除程度对粒度测量结果的影响及其意义

粒度分析是研究沉积物组成特征,重建古气候变化的重要手段之一.由于有机质会影响沉积物颗粒的组成状态,因此其去除程度会对粒度测试结果产生很大影响.粒度分析是风成沉积最常用的分析方法,本研究选取古土壤、弱发育古土壤、黄土、砂黄土四种有机质含量不同的沉积物样品为对象研究有机质去除程度对粒度测量结果的影响.结果显示,彻底去除有机质后的古土壤平均粒径明显增加,说明在古土壤中有机质主要以细颗粒形式存在;弱发育古土壤和黄土的平均粒径随着有机质的去除逐渐降低,说明其中的有机质以较大颗粒的形式存在并且对沉积物产生了胶结作用;而对于砂黄土,有机质的去除程度对样品粒度测量结果影响不大,因为有机质含量较少.同时文章分析了不同有机质去除方法的优缺点,并探讨了本研究的发现对于光释光测年等需要进行有机质去除的实验的应用意义.     

聚焦光束反射分析仪测定淀粉颗粒粒径分布

为了在线监测淀粉在物理或化学处理过程中的粒径变化,研究了淀粉乳浓度、搅拌速率和介质等因素对聚焦光束反射分析仪(FBRM)测定淀粉颗粒粒径分布的影响,分析了不同种类淀粉颗粒的粒径分布曲线以及同种淀粉在不同粒度测定方法下的粒径大小.结果表明:随着淀粉乳浓度的增加,FBRM测得的淀粉颗粒粒径呈现先增加后减小的趋势,淀粉乳浓度为1%时达最大值;搅拌速率对淀粉颗粒粒径测定的影响不显著;采用浓度小于50%的乙醇和异丙醇或浓度高于75%甘油作为介质时,可以得到较为稳定的粒度分布;不同种类的淀粉颗粒具有不同的粒径分布曲线趋势;同种淀粉颗粒在不同粒度测定方法下,粒径大小有一定的差别.     

经过预处理后柴油机颗粒物氧化活性的变化

为评价常用的通过热重分析方法计算动力学参数的准确性,在不同发动机工况下采集了不同种类的柴油机颗粒物,在N₂氛围中进行了预处理,通过分析颗粒物预处理前后微观形态、结构参数的变化,间接评价预处理过程对颗粒物活性、反应动力学计算结果的影响. 80%负荷采集的原始颗粒和微粒聚集体样品的微观形态由洋葱状变为壳核结构,且原始颗粒的粒径显著减小,100%负荷采集的原始颗粒的微观形态变化不明显;三种颗粒物样品经过预处理后微晶的层间距均大幅度减小,且80%负荷下采集的原始颗粒减小程度最大. 80%负荷下采集的微粒聚集体和100%负荷下的原始颗粒的微晶平均长度略微增大,曲率增加显著,而80%负荷下原始颗粒的微晶长度增加较为显著,曲率略微减小.经过预处理后,颗粒物的氧化活性显著降低,间接表明经过预处理的柴油机颗粒物的动力学参数与原始颗粒物的参数有一定差异.      

浅水湖泊表层沉积物粒度垂向分布及其水动力表征

为揭示浅水湖泊表层沉积物粒度组成特征,解析沉积物粒度分布对沉积物物源和水动力的响应,并为浅水湖泊沉积物营养盐分布特征研究提供支撑。利用激光法对里下河地区4个不同大小和形状的浅水湖泊沉积物样品的粒度进行研究,结果表明:(a)研究区表层沉积物平均粒径随深度增加而减小;(b)面积大的湖泊表层沉积物的中值粒径垂向分布差异较大;(c)面积大且宽的湖泊中的砂粒搬运作用强于面积小且窄的湖泊;(d)对于面积较大的湖泊,湖心区砂粒含量高于湖泊周边区域;(e)粒径的三角分布图显示研究区表层沉积物颗粒大多落入壤粒和砂粒的范畴,表明研究区湖泊水动力活动较强;(f)风浪扰动较大的九龙口沉积物垂向分布连续性较差;(g)蜈蚣湖和得胜湖沉积物平均粒径垂向分布变化不大,表明其水动力条件变化相对较小,与实际调查一致。     

腾格里沙漠北缘沙丘粒度特征及区域差异分析

以腾格里沙漠北缘沙丘为研究对象,选取不同形态的沙丘类型,进行系统的野外地貌调查,沙丘形态测量和沙丘沉积物粒度分析,研究了腾格里沙漠北缘沙丘的粒度特征以及空间变化规律.结果表明,沙丘沉积物主要由细沙和中沙组成,细沙含量为63.92%,中沙含量为32.82%.平均粒径为2.20Φ,分选系数为0.40~0.68,属于分选好和分选较好的范围.沙丘断面粒度曲线显示,沿主导风向背风坡和迎风坡沉积物粒度呈现微弱变细的规律,且沙丘高度与平均粒径具有较好的正相关性.说明腾格里沙漠北缘沙物质的粒度特征在空间上表现为从物源区向沉积区沉积物颗粒变细、分选性变好的规律.将腾格里沙漠北缘、孟根布拉格和乌力吉苏木3个沙区样品对比,从南向北沿纬度方向沙丘粒度组成中沙、粗沙和极粗沙含量呈现增加的趋势,细沙和极细沙含量呈现减小的特点.以新月形沙丘和沙垄为例,从南向北沿纬度方向新月形沙丘和沙垄同样具有粗沙含量增加,细沙含量减少,平均粒径变粗的趋势.以上变化表明,植被、风况、沙丘高度是控制沙丘形态及粒度变化的重要因素.     

江苏如东近岸海域表层沉积物粒度特征及其环境意义

基于江苏如东近岸海域32个表层沉积物粒度参数分析,探讨了沉积物类型、粒级组分及粒度参数分布特征.在此基础上,结合Folk三角图示法、Q型系统聚类法和研究区潮流动力特征,将如东近岸海域划分为3个分区,即近岸潮滩-沙脊区、潮流通道区和辐射沙洲外缘区.研究结果表明,受物质来源和沉积动力变化的影响,江苏如东近海表层沉积物粒度分布具有明显的空间差异.如东海域表层沉积物类型主要有3种,以砂质粉砂为主,平均含量为50%;粉砂质砂次之,平均含量为46.87%;砂含量最少,为3.13%.平均粒径介于25.65～171.72μm之间,均值为70.61μm,其分布与砂含量具有一致的变化趋势.分选性、偏度和峰态分别具有较差-差、近对称-极负偏、尖锐-很尖锐的特征.空间分布上,(1)近岸潮滩-沙脊区,水深较浅,地形冲淤动态变化复杂,沉积物砂含量较多,粒径整体较粗;(2)潮流通道区,水道内部深度大,底部受水动力影响较小,黏土含量较多,粒径变细;(3)辐射沙洲外缘区,水深大,受潮流动力作用小,沉积环境相对稳定.     

聚焦光束反射分析仪测定淀粉颗粒粒径分布的研究

利用聚焦光束反射分析仪（FBRM）分析测定了淀粉颗粒粒径分布,可实现了对淀粉在物理或化学处理过程中粒径变化的在线监测。考察了淀粉乳浓度、搅拌速率和介质等因素对FBRM测定淀粉颗粒粒径大小分布的影响以及不同种类淀粉颗粒的粒径分布曲线。结果表明：随着淀粉乳浓度的增加,FBRM测得的淀粉颗粒粒径呈现先增加后减小的趋势,当浓度达到10%时,粒径大小趋于稳定;在高浓度淀粉乳中,搅拌速率对淀粉颗粒粒径的影响较为显著,在低浓度淀粉乳中,则没有显著的影响;采用浓度小于50%的乙醇和异丙醇以及高于75%甘油作为介质时,可以得到较为稳定的粒度分布;不同种类淀粉颗粒的粒径分布曲线趋势不同。     

基于MATLAB编程的沉积物粒度计算方法与结果对比研究

以Folk-Ward图解法和Mc Manus矩值法公式为基础,利用MATLAB软件编程编出一套完整的计算粒度参数程序.然后以海州湾潮滩岩芯沉积物为例,分别计算其图解法和矩值法粒度参数并进行粒度含量和参数结果的比较.结果表明,海州湾潮滩岩芯HZ01沉积物样品以粉砂为主,含量平均值为84.7%.其次是黏土,含量为14.6%,砂含量最少,约为0.6%.图解法计算得到平均粒径范围介于7.14Φ~7.71Φ之间,分选系数范围为1.29~1.51,偏态值范围为-0.01~0.11,峰态值介于1.04~1.18之间;矩值法计算得到平均粒径范围为7.24Φ~7.81Φ,分选系数范围为1.29~1.6,偏态值介于0.12~0.98之间,峰态值介于1.71~2.3之间.相关性分析表明两种方法计算的平均粒径与分选系数具有很高的相关性,相关系数分别为0.99和0.94,通过了95%的显著性检验,可以相互替代.而偏态值和峰态值则不具有相关性,相差较大,不可转换.     

矩值法和图解法计算山区河流沉积物粒度参数的差异

在宜昌市山区小河莲沱溪采集一组以粗砂和极粗砂为优势粒度组成的沉积物样品,在筛析法进行粒度分析的基础上,用矩值法和图解法分别计算沉积物的粒度参数,并对两种方法所得的结果进行对比.两种计算方法得到的平均粒径和分选系数十分接近,基本上可以互相替代.峰态呈一定的相关性,但不可互相代替.偏态较为离散,不具有明显的相关性.分析发现...     

洛川黄土碎屑锆石的粒度特征及其古气候意义

目的 通过对洛川剖面12个层位的锆石粒度分析测量,探讨洛川黄土-古土壤及新近纪红黏土中碎屑锆石的粒度特征及其反应的古气候变化特征.方法 利用Quanta400 FEG场发射环境扫描电子显微镜获得锆石的二次电子图像,并用Scandium软件对锆石的二次电子图像进行粒径测量.结果 第四纪黄土-古土壤及新近纪红黏土中存在大量碎屑锆石,除L24层黄土外,其余黄土层中的锆石粒度均显示出相似的分布特征,主要粒级分布于20～60μm之间,与全岩粒度相比,其中值粒径、平均粒径均有差异,但L9与L15层中锆石中值粒径与全岩差异最小,红黏土中差异最大.结论 成壤作用对粉尘沉积物全岩粒度分析结果影响较大,而对稳定重矿物锆石粒径影响较小.第四纪黄土L9与L15层全岩粒度分析中粗颗粒含量明显增加,应归因于此时粉尘沉积物土壤化过程中成壤作用减弱.新近纪红黏土粗颗粒锆石百分含量的增加,并不预示着此时冬季风的明显加强,而是与周缘裸露的基底岩石提供了近距离的物源有关.L24层黄土在各项粒度指标均显示出其特殊性,可能与青藏高原的阶段性隆升有关.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.