n^＋／p常规硅太阳电池表面“死层”的减少方法

磷透过热生长氧化层扩散的方法，可以减缓高浓度浅结磷扩大硅表层带来的晶格损伤（即“死层”）双晶Ｘ射线衍射图形和杂质纵向分布测量均证实了这一点，用此方法制备的常规结深的太阳电池，其相对光谱响应４００～６００ｎｍ波段内平均提高了５０％，在ＡＭＯ（２５℃）条件下，其光电转换效率也从常规电池的１１．８％提高到１２．３％，转换效率可望在工艺最佳化研究后得到进一步提高。     

正丁醇钛—乙酸钡水解法合成BaTiO_3粉体的关键工艺问题

本文着重研究了钛酰化物溶液的制备、保存以及钡原料来源等关键工艺对正丁醇钛—乙酸钡水解法合成粉体ＢａＴｉＯ３的影响。ＸＲＤ、ＩＣＰ—ＡＥＳ以及ＴＥＭ分析表明，采用此工艺方法合成的ＢａＴｉＯ３粉体，纯度达到９９．８０ｗｔ％，一次粒子粒径分析在１０～１００ｎｍ之间，少数粒子超过１００ｎｍ，二次粒子粒径界于２０～３００ｎｍ之间，多数小于１５０ｎｍ     

离子注入形成FeSi2埋层的电镜研究

利用ＭＥＶＶＡ离子源将Ｆｅ离子注入到Ｓｉ基体中会生成一层铁硅化物薄膜．利用电子显微镜，研究了这层铁硅化物的显微结构及其在随后的升温退火过程中发生的变化．研究结果表明，在离子注入剂量为１×１０１７／ｃｍ２的未退火样品中，亚稳的γ－ＦｅＳｉ２相占大多数，同时有少量的由ＣｓＣｌ结构派生的缺陷相Ｆｅ１－ＸＳｉ．在（１００）取向的Ｓｉ片上，这个硅化物层埋在硅基体中，形成了厚度为２５ｎｍ左右的埋层（ｂｕｒｉｅｄｌａｙｅｒ）结构     

金银花,山银花中绿原酸的反相薄层分析方法研究

本文建立了用反相薄层色谱法测定金银花、山银花中绿原酸含量的方法，用键合反相Ｃ１８薄层板，以甲醇／水／甲酸为展开剂，展开后用薄层扫描仪于波长３３５ｎｍ进行扫描，两点法定量，方法的回收率为９６．８％－１０２．３％，相对标准偏差为０．２６％－３．０％。     

高效薄层扫描法测定乳粉中乳精和蔗糖的含量

用高效薄层扫描法，以正丙醇：浓氨水：术（１２：４：１）为展层剂，在λ＝３００ｎｍ处同时测定乳粉中乳糖、蔗糖，用该法测定乳糖与蔗糖回收率分别为１００．４％和１０４．５％，变异系数分别为３．２３％和１．５１％．     

硅上硅化钛相变和生长动力学研究

用RBS及X线衍射研究了硅上钛薄膜退火时形成硅化物的相变和生长动力学。650℃退火形成TiSi_2相,TiSi_2层生长服从Kidon抛物线层生长规律。     

内嵌钛纳米颗粒的碳巴基葱的激光溅射合成

在苯蒸气气氛中以脉冲激光束溅射海绵钛靶，得到了０．４ｇ的黑色微粒，这些微粒经ＨＲＴＥＭ，比表面，ＸＰＳ，Ｒａｍａｎ光谱及ＸＲＤ等的表征，确认它们为直径在１０ｎｍ左右的多层碳笼，其中有５％的多层碳笼内嵌直径为２－３ｎｍ的钛单晶，它们分属六方和体心立方两种晶体结构。研究还揭示了这些纳米微粒的形成机理。     

高灵敏度的具有Ni过渡层的Co／Cu／Co三明治膜的巨磁电阻效应

研究了具有不同厚度Ｎｉ过渡层的Ｃｏ５．０ｎｍ／Ｃｕ３．５ｎｍ／Ｃｏ５．０ｎｍ三明治膜的巨磁电阻效应，发现Ｎｉ过渡层可以大大地提高材料的灵敏度。不同程度Ｎｉ过渡层的Ｃｏ／Ｃｕ／Ｃｏ三明治膜的磁电阻值在３．５％和５．６％之间，相应的矫顽力在０．９５ｋＡ／ｍ附近。因此，材料的灵敏度最大可以达到３９％ｋＡ．ｍ＾－１。原子力显微镜给出的表面形貌表明Ｎｉ过渡层提高了材料的平整度，从而导致大的巨磁电阻值。而电阻     

12keV低能砷离子注入硅的损伤分布

测量了１２ｋｅＶ注入能量、８×１０￣（１４）～２×１０￣（１５）／ｃｍ￣２剂量砷离子注入硅的椭偏光谱，并用最优化拟合算法从椭偏光谱定出损伤分布。这种低能量离子注入的结果表明，损伤分布呈现为平台型，体内不出现峰值，损伤深度为１２．５～１６．０ｎｍ，与背散射沟道技术测定结果相符合。     

双波长可调谐脉冲钛宝石激光器的实验研究

根据多波长同时振荡条件，双折射滤光片透过率与波长的函数关系，得到了７６１．１～７９５．４ｎｍ，７８３．４～８２０．０ｎｍ，波长平均间隔为３６．４ｎｍ调谐范围为２４．６ｎｍ的双波长脉冲钛宝石激光输出。     

Growth of graphite film over the tops of vertical carbon nanotubes using Ni/Ti/Si substrate

A substrate with Ni/Ti/Si structure was used to grow vertical carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a graphite fihn over CNT tops by thermal chemical vapor deposition with CH₄ gas as carbon source. The carbon nanotubes and the substrate were characterized by a field emission scanning electron microscope for the morphologies, a transmission electron microscope for the microstructures, a Raman spectrograph for the ctystallinity, and an Auger electron spectrometer for the depth distribution of elements. The result shows that when the thickness ratio of Ni layer to Ti layer in substrate is about 1, a graphite film with relatively good quality can be formed on the CNT tops.     

C,W和C＋W离子注入钢表面纳米相镶嵌复合层结构电？…

选取质量差异很大的Ｃ,Ｗ和Ｃ＋Ｗ对钢进行离子注入,用ＴＥＭ对注入样品横截面进行结构分析。结果表明：注入层结构发生了明显的变化,形成了纳米相镶嵌复合层,Ｗ注入复合层的厚度大约是相应离子射程的１６．３倍。     

基于多功能层TiO2薄膜增强染料敏化太阳能电池性能?

利用粒径为20和200nm TiO2在导电玻璃表面制备光阳极的光透明层薄膜、混合层薄膜以及散射层薄膜,通过有效地调整3种薄膜结构进而制备了染料敏化太阳能电池.研究表明,多功能层TiO2膜结构大幅度地提升了光电流,而且电子在多功能层TiO2膜内的界面传输阻抗较低.将3种薄膜有效结合并控制其厚度,可以有效地提高染料敏化太阳能电池的性能,在AM1.5,光强度为100 mW·cm-2的条件下,染料敏化太阳能电池光电转化效率可以提升至5.29%,电流密度达到11.7mA·cm-2.     

Ti—TiC激光熔覆层的形成及其表征

为分析激光熔覆法制备TiC／Ti复合材料显微形貌的成因,对功率密度为21．2kW／cm^2、扫描速度15mm／s的CO2激光作用下的Ti-6A1—4V合金表面进行了Ti＋TiC激光熔覆实验,并对其熔覆层温度波动进行了分析。采用XRD、SEM对Ti-4-TiC熔覆层进行表征,并测定熔覆层的显微维氏硬度。分析表明：用激光熔覆制备TiC／Ti复合材料时,熔覆层在数毫秒内熔化,并以约10^4℃／s速率初始冷却。熔覆层的维氏硬度高达10．8GPa,Ti填充杂乱的TiC枝晶间。熔覆层与基体具有良好的冶金结合,且热影响区厚度与经验计算值相近。     

45钢表面激光铬合金化层的组织与性能

本文讨论了45钢表面铬合金化层的形成过程和激光工艺参数、铬粉厚度对合金化层深度和铬含量的影响,并与未经激光处理的45钢,1Cr18Ni9Ti钢进行了电化学性能和耐腐蚀性能比较;文中最后分析讨论了合金化层的组织结构与耐腐蚀性的关系。     

Characterization of ultrathin SiO 2/Si interface grown by low temperature plasma oxidation

Ultrathin SiO 2 layers on Si (100) wafers were prepared by plasma oxidation at a low temperature (250℃). The analyses of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and TEM reveal that the chemical composition of the oxide layer is stoichiometric SiO 2 and the SiO 2/Si interface is abrupt. The thickness of the ultrathin oxide layer obtained from XPS, capacitance-voltage (C-V) and ellipsometry measurements indicate a nonlinear time dependence. The high frequency C-V characterization of MOS structure shows that the fixed charge density in SiO 2 film is about 10 11 cm -2 . It is also shown that the strength of breakdown electrical field of SiO 2 film with 6 nm thickness is of the order of 10 6 Vcm -1 . These properties of the ultrathin SiO 2 layer ensure its application in silicon quantum devices.     

碳包覆Ti3AlC2增强银基复合材料的制备与性能

Ti₃AlC₂-reinforced Ag-based composites, which are used as sliding current collectors, electrical contacts, and electrode materials, exhibit remarkable performances. However, the interfacial reactions between Ag and Ti₃AlC₂ significantly degrade the electrical and thermal properties of these composites. To diminish these interfacial reactions, we fabricated carbon-coated Ti₃AlC₂ particles (C@Ti₃AlC₂) as reinforcement and prepared Ag–10wt%C@Ti₃AlC₂ composites with carbon-layer thicknesses ranging from 50–200 nm. Compared with the uncoated Ag–Ti₃AlC₂ composite, Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ was found to have a better distribution of Ti₃AlC₂ particles. With increases in the carbon-layer thickness, the Vickers hardness value and relative density of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ gradually decreases. With a carbon-layer thickness of 150 nm, we obtained the lowest resistivity of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ of 29.4 135.5×10?9 Ω·m, which is half that of Ag–Ti₃AlC₂ (66.7 × 10?9 Ω·m). The thermal conductivity of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ reached a maximum value of 135.5 W·m?1·K?1 with a 200-nm carbon coating (~1.8 times that of Ag–Ti₃AlC₂). These results indicate that the carbon-coating method is a feasible strategy for improving the performance of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ composites.     

Ti替代La对AB3型储氢合金的结构与电化学性能的影响

研究(La1-xTix)2MgNi8.25Co0.75(x=0、0.1、0.2)合金的微观结构与电化学性能。相测试结果显示:所有合金都是由(La,Mg)Ni3和LaNi52个主相所构成的,晶胞参数随着Ti的替代而逐渐减小,这是因为Ti的共价键半径(0.132 nm)小于La(0.169 nm)所引起的。电化学测试结果表明:所有的合金电极经过4次活化后都能够达到最大放电容量,且放电容量随着Ti含量的增加而减少,从x=0时的384.6 mAh/g降低到x=0.2时的321.9 mAh/g,合金电极的循环寿命则从x=0时的53.1%提高到x=0.2时的67.8%,合金在1 200 mA/g时的高倍率放电性能先从x=0时的59.3%升高到x=0.1时的66.5%,然后又降低到x=0.2时的63.1%。此外,电化学动力学也显示出先增大后减小的特点。造成以上电化学性能变化的原因是Ti的加入一方面起到了脱氢催化的作用,另一方面使合金表面形成了致密氧化层,虽然阻止了合金进一步的腐蚀,但也降低了合金电极的动力学性能。     

Ultrafine microstructure in microalloyed steel by a new thermomechnical process

Low carbon microalloyed steel containing 0.062% C, 2.34% Mn,0.044% Nb, 0.029% Ti, 0.032% V in mass fraction and small amount of B was prepared in laboratory. Slabs of the steel were rolled into plates of 6mm in thickness followed by accelerated cooling. The plates possess very high yield strength and reasonable ductility, and the yield ratio is about 0.8. Ultra-fine ferrite structure with micrometer dimension was observed in the surface layer of the plates. Moreover, the effect of the finishing rolling temperature on the final microstructure and formation mechanism of ultra-fine ferrite as well as the γ→α transformation behavior of the steel was discussed.     

双重优化对基于P3HT:PCBM有机太阳能电池效率的提高

有效提高太阳能电池对光的吸收效率是提高太阳能电池能量转换效率的重要因素.在以poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)为电子给体材料,[6,6]-phenyl C60-butyric acid methyl eater(PCBM)为电子受体材料的有机太阳能电池中,Poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)与活性层之间插入不同厚度的P3HT层,并在P3HT层最佳厚度的基础上,进一步在活性层中掺杂不同比例的Ag纳米粒子,双重优化了电池器件.当插入45 nm的P3HT层及掺杂质量比为5%的Ag纳米粒子时活性层薄膜的形貌及内部结构得到了改善,电池对光的吸收,及外量子效率得到了显著地提高,并出现红移现象.在25°C,光强为100 mW/cm2的条件下测量其短路电流密度JSC为11.21 mA/cm2,能量转化效率PCE为3.79%.