硬脂酸单分子膜诱导下草酸钙晶体的生长

采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),对比研究了硬脂酸(SA)单分子膜存在下的膜/液界面,无膜时的气/液界面以及在本体溶液中草酸钙晶体的生长规律.发现在没有单分子膜的气/液界面,草酸钙晶体呈无序生长,且与本体溶液中生长的草酸钙晶体具有相同的叉生晶型;而在有SA单分子膜存在下的膜/液界面,草酸钙晶体变为有序的孪生晶型;尿大分子硫酸软骨素A(C4S)抑制膜/液界面草酸钙晶体(101)晶面的二维生长,促使草酸钙形成薄片状晶体.     

含二茂铁季铵盐有序分子膜的组装与性能研究

在考察了二茂铁季铵盐的表面活性的基础上,制备了含二茂铁季铵盐/氯仿/苯/二次蒸馏水的反相微乳液及二茂铁季铵盐/十八酸混合单分子膜,并通过电导率仪和动态激光光散射仪等对所制备的微乳液进行了表征。结果表明,苯和氯仿的体积比为7∶3的混合溶液为该微乳液形成的最佳有机溶剂;微乳液形成过程中,二茂铁季铵盐的浓度为0.10~1.00mmol/L,10mL微乳液中增溶水量为6~8μL时为佳。若加助表面活性剂正戊醇,则其最佳体积含量为20%。二茂铁季铵盐很难单独在气/液界面铺展成膜,而其与十八酸的混合体系可形成稳定的单分子膜,且二茂铁季铵盐/十八酸混合体系的成膜性能随十八酸含量的增加而增强。     

Fe3O4纳米粒子在气液界面上与Gemini分子的组装

以共沉淀法制得的十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)改性的纳米Fe3O4溶胶作为亚相,在其气/液界面上与Gemini表面活性剂分子进行了组装,用表面压与单分子面积曲线测定、透射电镜(TEM)和布儒斯特角显微镜(BAM)等手段进行了表征.结果表明:SDBS表面修饰后的Fe3O4纳米粒子表面带负电荷,平均粒径约为10 nm;Fe3O4粒子受到Gemini分子中阳离子头基的吸引进入Gemini单分子层,使得其平均单分子面积从1.00 nm2增加到1.28 nm2,崩溃压从34 mN.m-1升高到40 mN.m-1;通过控制Gemini单分子层的表面压在12~15 mN.m-1范围内,Gemini分子形成聚集并规则地排列形成六边形的区域分布在气/液界面上,Fe3O4纳米粒子受到Gemini分子的静电作用进入Gemini单分子层,在气/液界面上组装成具有六边形形貌的Gemini-Fe3O4复合单分子膜.     

Gemini表面活性剂在气/液界面上的微区形貌随表面压的变化

测定了Gemini表面活性剂在pH值为10．86,NaBr浓度为1．0mol／L的溶液气／液界面上的表面压一分子面积的等温线。用自制的Brewster角显微镜(BAM)观察了由Gemini表面活性剂在界面上所形成单分子膜的微区形貌随表面压的变化。结果表明：当pH值为10．86时,Gemini表面活性剂在1．0mol／L NaBr溶液的气／液界面上生成了凝聚态的单分子膜;当表面压较低时,观察到在界面上形成了同心圆结构;随着表面压的增加,这些同心圆可发生聚并而形成多中心结构。     

单液膜气泡聚并和连接过程的移动粒子半隐式法数值模拟

为了研究单液膜气泡单层液膜包裹气体的特殊结构形式和内外壁面均受气液表面张力的特殊力学形式,在拉格朗日框架下采用无网格移动粒子半隐式法并基于表面自由能表面张力模型,建立了单液膜双气液界面表面张力模型,从而实现了单液膜气泡振荡变形过程中的复杂界面计算和捕捉。在此基础上对2个单液膜气泡的聚并和连接过程进行了模拟分析,获得了典型的流动现象和液膜变形特征与规律,发现减小表面张力系数或增大黏性系数均会减弱气泡变形过程中表面张力项的变形主导作用。为此,提出了凹点切线法用于计算连接型气泡的液膜夹角,明晰了连接型气泡的形状。计算结果可为工业消泡技术提供一定的理论依据。     

利用Langmuir技术构筑的光抗蚀剂聚合物纳米薄膜的表面微观结构及在光刻蚀方面的应用(Ⅰ): 气液界面上聚合物单分子膜表面行为的研究

合成了含有缩酮保护基团的共聚物聚N-十二烷基丙烯酰胺/1.4-二噁螺环[4,4]壬烷-2-亚甲基甲基丙烯酸酯pDDMA/DNMMA,并用Langmuir技术构建了单层和多层纳米超薄膜,用表面压(π)和静态弹性模量(Es)随平均重复单元面积(A)的变化研究了聚合物在气/液界面上的表面行为.研究结果表明,共聚物pDDMA/DNMMA能在水面上紧密排列,形成稳定的分子取向规整的Langmuir分子膜,其单层膜的厚度为1.6nm;分子的主链平躺在水面上,分子的侧链基团以与水面呈62.夹角向上伸展.与π-A曲线相比,Es-A曲线能更清楚直观地反映单分子层在挤压过程中微观结构的变化.Es-π曲线的研究为优化拉膜工艺条件提供了可靠依据.排列紧密的单分子膜在一定的表面压下,可单层、多层均匀的转移到固体基板上,形成规整有序层状结构的LB膜.     

基于界面相互干扰能分析法的二乙醇胺水溶液自发浸润聚偏氟乙烯疏水微孔膜的机理研究

通过van Oss范德华表面张力拟合法,拟合出了聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）疏水微孔膜和润湿PVDF膜的各界面张力,证实了表面活性剂的吸附入侵机理同样适用于二乙醇胺（DEA）溶液浸润PVDF膜。通过吸附实验和HyperChem软件的分子优化推算出了DEA分子在固液界面的相互干扰能,利用Hamaker算法计算了DEA分子与PVDF膜的相互干扰能。结合DEA分子的固液、固气相互干扰能和Starov界面吸附常数方程,定量计算出了DEA分子在PVDF膜上的固气界面吸附常数几乎为0,即DEA分子在自发浸润过程中吸附在固气表面的可能性极小,从而证实了DEA溶液缓慢浸润PVDF疏水微孔膜的机理是由于固液界面吸附导致固液界面张力下降而引起的液气界面附加压力反向。从相互干扰能的角度研究了润湿现象,并基于所得机理提出了抵抗润湿的方法。     

气液界面阳离子型Gemini表面活性剂-硬脂酸混合单分子膜性质

研究了阳离子型Gemini表面活性剂([C18H37(CH3)2N —(CH2)3—N (CH3)2C18H37],2Br-,简写为18-3-18,2Br-1)和硬脂酸(SA)混合单分子膜在气液界面上的性质;测定了这一混合体系的表面压-平均分子面积(-πA)等温线;计算了混合单分子膜的压缩比(κ)以及过剩面积(Aex)与混合单分子膜的组成(硬脂酸的摩尔分数,xSA)的关系;给出了过剩面积和理想混合面积之比与混合单分子膜组成的关系;并用原子力显微镜(AFM)观察了单分子膜在不同组分下的形貌。结果显示:表面压起始增加值所对应的平均分子面积随xSA增加而降低,并且混合单分子膜由液态扩张膜向凝固态膜转变,混合单分子膜出现严重的负偏离现象。由混合单分子膜的可混合性和非理想性可看出,18-3-18,2Br-1与SA在气液界面上存在较强的相互作用,它们之间容易混合。AFM图像还说明18-3-18,2Br-1分子难以成膜,SA分子易于成膜,在18-3-18,2Br-1中加入SA可以增加18-3-18,2Br-1成膜的可能性。     

纯水亚相二十二酸单分子膜循环曲线研究

利用近来提出的Vollardt方程和二维聚集的准化学平衡模型,研究了不同表面压下的二十二酸(简称BA)单分子膜循环等温(π-A)曲线,其理论计算结果与实验曲线相一致,随着循环曲线中选取表面压的增加,分子膜聚集过程中形成的聚集体单个分子面积(ω(n))减少,而聚集度(ε值)相应增加;另外考察了二十二酸单分子膜热力学性质和聚集作用,其热力学计算表明压缩和扩张曲线中聚集自由能(ΔG0)有较大改变;且从低表面压(9 mN/m)到高表面压(18 mN/m)聚集自由能(ΔG0)的改变量比高表面压(26 mN/m与35 mN/m)时要大.结果显示,压缩和扩张曲线在液相区出现明显的不重合,不重合区域的大小反映分子膜聚集程度的大小.     

表面活性剂对气体水合物界面张力的影响

表面活性剂能够减小液体的表面张力以及两相液体间的界面张力,界面张力的减小有利于促进气体水合物快速形成和提高水合物储气能力.为定量研究两相液体间界面张力对气体水合物形成的影响,用界面张力仪实测不同温度时蒸馏水、HCFC-141b的表面张力以及HCFC-141b/蒸馏水、HCFC-141b/十二烷基硫酸钠溶液(0.247%)、HCFC-141b/十二烷基磺酸钠溶液(0.245%)、HCFC-141b/十二烷基苯磺酸钠溶液(0.057 6%)的界面张力,测试结果表明,表面活性剂对降低两相液体间界面张力的作用十分明显,其中十二烷基苯磺酸钠溶液对降低界面张力最为突出,降到HCFC-141b/蒸馏水界面张力值的9%左右,为定量研究气体水合物等优选表面活性剂提供了科学的依据.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to