铝合金交流A-TIG焊中活性剂和焊接参数对焊缝熔深的影响

研究了铝合金交流A TIG焊中单组分活性剂对焊缝熔深的影响,还针对多组分活性剂研究了焊接参数对焊缝熔深的影响.实验结果表明,卤化物几乎不能增加焊缝熔深,而氧化物对焊缝熔深的影响很复杂,有的能增加焊缝熔深,有的效果不明显,有的甚至减小焊缝熔深.其中SiO2增加熔深作用最显著.焊接参数包括焊接电流、焊接速度、氩气流量和电弧长度等对焊缝熔深有一定影响.     

耦合电弧对AA-TIG焊接熔深的影响

为提高活性TIG焊活性剂的涂敷效率,实验一种新型的活性TIG焊工艺电弧辅助活性TIG焊,简称AA-TIG焊.以SUS304不锈钢作为母材,采用耦合电弧进行AA-TIG焊,研究焊接电流、焊接速度、钨极夹角、CO2气体含量等主要工艺参数对焊缝熔深、熔宽的影响.结果表明:相同的焊接工艺参数下,耦合电弧AA-TIG焊缝熔深达到传统TIG焊熔深的2.86倍,同时焊缝熔宽明显收缩.采用耦合电弧AA-TIG焊可不开坡口一次焊透8 mm厚不锈钢板,焊接效率明显提高.辅助电弧和正常TIG焊工艺参数都对耦合电弧AA-TIG焊焊缝熔深、熔宽有一定影响,其中辅助电弧CO2含量以及2电弧钨极夹角对焊缝成形影响较大.     

430铁素体不锈钢A-TIG焊接

针对铁素体不锈钢，选用常见的氧化物和卤化物进行单组分A-TIG实验，结果表明氧化物活性剂增加焊缝熔深的效果更为显著．以B2O3、Cr2O3、SiO2分别作为基础组元进行多组分活性剂实验，得到最优配比的活性剂可使焊缝熔深达到传统TIG焊的2．46倍．组织和力学性能测试显示：与TIG焊缝相比，使用活性剂后焊缝中的铁素体晶粒尺寸略有减小，但硬度和拉伸强度变化不大．     

不锈钢A-TIG焊活性剂的焊接性研究

利用自行研制的 30 4不锈钢A TIG焊活性剂进行了焊缝外观形貌、熔深效果、接头微观组织、化学成分及接头力学性能分析的焊接工艺试验 .试验结果表明 ,使用活性剂可以使焊缝熔深比常规的TIG焊增加 1～ 2倍 ,对 8mm以下的不锈钢钢板对接无须开坡口 ,可一次焊接完成并且单面焊双面成型 ,焊缝表面成形良好 .使用活性剂后接头微观组织、焊缝的化学成分和接头力学性能均不受影响 .     

镁合金的FZ-TIG焊接方法

针对镁合金材料,提出一种新型活性焊接方法FZ-TIG焊接方法.焊接前在待焊焊道表面中心区域涂敷低熔点、低沸点、低电阻率的活性剂,在2侧区域涂敷高电阻率的活性剂,然后进行正常TIG焊接,这样可以保证焊接熔深显著增加和焊接表面成形良好.结果表明,在相同参数下,与传统TIG焊相比,FZ-TIG焊接焊缝熔深达到常规TIG焊熔深的2.5倍.通过改变弧长分析活性剂对电弧极性区电压降和弧柱区电位梯度的影响,与TIG焊相比,FZ-TIG焊使得极性区电压降升高,而弧柱区电位梯度降低.     

低碳钢A-TIG焊活性剂的焊接性研究

利用自行研制的低碳钢A TIG焊活性剂进行了各种焊接工艺试验 .试验结果表明 ,使用本活性剂可使焊缝熔深比常规的TIG焊增加 3倍 ,对 12mm以下的低碳钢板对接无须开坡口 ,可一次焊接完成并能单面焊双面成型 .焊缝表面成型良好 ,接头微观组织、焊缝的化学成分和接头力学性能均不受影响 .焊接电流、弧长、焊接速度、涂层厚度和气体种类等均对焊接熔深的增加产生影响     

活性剂对钛合金A-TIG焊缝成形的影响

针对8 mm厚的TC4钛合金平板,选用MgF2、NaF、MnCl2、MgCl2、CaF2、re、KF、NaCl、ZnF2、CrCl3等10种单组份活性剂进行A-TIG焊接,通过与常规TIG焊对比,研究不同活性剂对焊缝成形的影响.试验结果表明:10种活性剂都能增加焊接熔深,其中CrCl3和Te粉可使焊接熔深达到常规TIG...     

单质对低碳钢A-TIG焊焊缝成形的影响

以Ti粉、Si粉和Te粉作为活性剂,研究了单质对低碳钢直流正接A-TIG焊焊缝成形的影响,分析了单质影响熔深的机理.在试验条件下,传统TIG焊的焊缝深宽比为0.24.添加三种活性剂后,焊缝表面都成形良好,Te粉使得焊缝余高增大.Ti粉和Te粉能显著增加熔深,Si粉对焊缝熔深影响则相对较小.Ti和Si粉能使熔宽收缩,而Te粉对熔宽几乎没有影响.在活性剂作用下,Ti粉的焊缝深宽比为0.43;而Te粉的为0.40,Si粉的只有0.35.Si粉、Ti粉、Te粉三者的焊缝熔深排序与其原子半径的大小顺序相同,焊缝熔深变化与单质原子半径大小关系密切.     

适用于不同金属材料的气体输送活性焊接方法

为实现不同种类金属材料的自动化焊接,通过改变活性元素引入方式,提出一种新型活性TIG焊接方法—气体输送活性钨极氩弧焊,即GTFA-TIG焊(gas transfer flux activating TIG welding).该方法通过保护气体将活性剂输送到TIG焊电弧—熔池耦合系统中,使得电弧收缩或熔池金属表面张力温度系数改变,能显著增加不锈钢、铝合金等金属材料的TIG焊熔深,保证焊缝表面成形良好,而且省去活性剂涂覆工序,减少活性剂消耗,实现焊接过程的全自动化.     

活性剂对铝合金电子束焊的影响

为了研究铝合金焊缝熔深增加机理，利用电子束散焦焊的焊接方法对铝合金LF21进行了焊接．以SiO2和V2O5作为表面活性剂，研究了活性剂对铝合金LF21电子束焊接的影响．研究结果表明，SiO2、V2O5对焊缝成形的影响是不同的，其中在SiO2作用下焊缝表面成形美观；在V2O5作用下焊缝成形变差．在SiO2、V2O5作用时，与A-TIG焊焊缝的熔深明显增加、熔宽稍有减小的情况相比，SiO2和V2O5对电子柬焊的焊缝熔深与熔宽的影响不大，表明了表面张力梯度改变理论对铝合金活性焊的作用不明显．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the