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1.
改性超细粉煤灰吸附Cr~(6+)动力学研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
将三种粉煤灰球磨后得到超细粉煤灰,选择采用HCi、H2SO4、NaOH、Ca(OH)2和Na2CO3等对超细粉煤灰进行化学改性,结果表明采用Ca(OH)2改性效果最好,经过改性以后三种超细粉煤灰对Cr6+的去除率提高2.01~2.44倍.研究了Ca(OH)2改性超细粉煤灰对Cr6+的吸附动力学和浓度和pH值对吸附的影响.动力学研究表明,三种改性超细粉煤灰对Cr6+的吸附过程符合二级吸附动力学,吸附为颗粒内扩散控制过程.溶液浓度增加,去除率降低:pH<6时,Cr6+的去除率pH值的增加而增加,pH>6时,去除率减小.  相似文献   

2.
氯化镁用于染料废水的脱色研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
研究了MgCl_2处理若干种类的活性染料及分散染料的脱色效果,比较了MgCl_2/Ca(OH)_2、Al_2(SO_4)_3.PAC、FeSO_4/Ca(OH)_2的脱色效果。探讨了MgCl_2的脱色机理。实验结果表明,MgCl_2的脱色效果与染料种类、脱色的pH条件,脱色剂的用量有关;MgCl_2的脱色率随pH值升高而增加,对于活性染料废水,当pH=12.5左右时脱色率达最佳;对于分散染料废水,pH=12.0左右时脱色率达最佳;MgCl_2/Ca(OH)_2的脱色效果优于 PAC、Al_2(SO_4)_3、FeSO_4/Ca(OH)_2的脱色效果;MgCl_2的脱色机理为:(1)Mg~(2+)能与含有—OH,—SO_3H、—COOH基因的染料化合物起反应,生成稳定的螯合物,该螯合物在碱性条件下通过混凝作用从水中分离出来;(2)MgCl_2在高pH值下依靠水解生成的Mg(OH)_2胶体沉淀物对染料分子的吸附和卷扫沉降作用达到脱色目的。  相似文献   

3.
用乙醇及氢氧化钠对蔗渣进行处理,得到改性蔗渣(MB)。通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射及傅里叶变换红外光谱对改性前后蔗渣进行了表征分析,通过静态吸附试验,研究了反应时间、反应温度、溶液的p H、Cd2+初始浓度、共存离子(Ca2+,Mg2+和Na+)对MB吸附Cd2+的影响。结果表明,改性蔗渣的比表面积增大,蔗渣原有的晶格结构被破坏,羟基的活性增强。MB对Cd2+的吸附适宜p H为4.0~6.0;MB对Cd2+吸附平衡时间为20 min;MB对Cd2+的吸附过程的吸附等温线结果发现表明MB对Cd2+的吸附是化学吸附,MB对Cd2+的饱和吸附量为14.450 mg/g。MB对Cd2+的吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型。热力学研究结果表明,MB对Cd2+的吸附过程是自发的放热过程。共存离子Ca2+,Mg2+和Na+对MB吸附Cd2+影响的顺序为Na+Ca2+Mg2+。  相似文献   

4.
对海藻酸钠在氯化铁溶液中的成球特性,制备海藻酸钠-铁(SA-Fe)凝胶球,并对废水中无机磷和Cr2O72-吸附容量及吸附机理进行了研究.结果表明,SA-Fe凝胶球对溶液中的无机磷和Cr2O72-有较强的吸附能力,且SA-Fe凝胶球在对无机磷和Cr2O72-的吸附过程中优先吸附无机磷.相对于Cr2O72-,PO43-与Fe3+的结合具有优先级.SA-Fe凝胶球吸附无机磷和Cr2O7-2的等温吸附曲线都更加符合Langmuir型,吸附行为属于单分子层吸附,凝胶球网络中的Fe3+与溶液中Cr2O72-和PO43-发生化学反应,生成Fe2(Cr2O7)3和FePO4,被吸附于凝胶网格中去除.  相似文献   

5.
为了探讨水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)凝胶对K~+和Na~+的吸附性能,采用3CaO·SiO_2(C3S)和纳米SiO_2制备了不同钙硅物质的量之比(Ca/Si比)的C-S-H凝胶,着重研究浸泡溶液浓度和不同Ca/Si比C-S-H凝胶固体试样加入量对K~+和Na~+吸附能力的影响以及吸附态的K~+和Na~+的解吸行为。结果表明:C-S-H凝胶对K~+和Na~+的吸附能力随着Ca/Si比的降低而增高;对于相同Ca/Si比的C-S-H凝胶,随着浸泡溶液浓度的增大,K~+和Na~+吸附量逐渐增大,随着固体试样用量的增加,K~+和Na~+的吸附量降低而吸附率增高。C-S-H凝胶对K~+和Na~+的吸附不仅与其比表面积有关,而且与溶液中Ca2+浓度(浸泡溶液的p H值有关)有关。在溶液低p H值或高Ca2+浓度体系中,K~+和Na~+的吸附会被溶液中高浓度Ca2+所抑制。脱附实验证实了在碱溶液浓度0.5 mol/L时,K~+和Na~+在C-S-H凝胶上吸附是可逆的。  相似文献   

6.
利用好氧颗粒污泥(AGS)对碱性染料橘黄(SY)进行吸附试验,研究了不同p H值、吸附剂用量、SY初始浓度和温度对吸附过程的影响.发现:溶液的p H值是影响吸附效果的一个重要因素,p H值为2、AGS用量为2 g/L和温度为35℃时吸附效果最好;平衡吸附量与SY染料初始浓度呈正相关;Langmuir吸附模型能够较好地描述整个吸附过程,饱和吸附量为142.86 mg/L,吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型.热力学分析表明吸附是一个自发的吸热过程,且低浓度比高浓度时的吸附亲合力好.实验结果表明AGS可以作为吸附SY染料的低成本吸附剂.  相似文献   

7.
工业大麻杆芯粉对亚甲基蓝染料的吸附性能   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
利用工业大麻杆芯粉吸附亚甲基蓝,探讨工业大麻杆芯粉用量、吸附时间、溶液pH值、盐度和初始浓度等因素对吸附性能的影响,分析其吸附等温曲线和动力学.结果表明,工业大麻杆芯粉对亚甲基蓝的去除率随着时间的增加而增大,60 min后基本达到平衡;在pH值为5~11范围内吸附量保持不变;染料去除率随着Ca2+或Na+浓度的增加而明显下降,且Ca2+对染料去除率的影响比Na+大.30 ℃下,工业大麻杆芯粉对亚甲基蓝的吸附过程符合Redlich-Peterson等温方程.在不同初始浓度下,运用准一级动力学方程和准二级动力学方程对数据进行拟合,并计算和分析速率常数、相关系数、平衡吸附量和动力学参数,说明吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程.  相似文献   

8.
生物吸附剂的改性方法不同,影响吸附剂性能和其对重金属离子的去除效果.本研究采用泡桐树叶粉末经Ca(OH)2改性后,吸附废水中Pb2+,并探讨了反应时间、吸附剂浓度、p H这三个因素对吸附效果的影响.结果表明,吸附剂浓度0.8 g/L,溶液p H为5,吸附60 min即可达到平衡,此时吸附量为60.43 mg/g,去除率为95.61%,吸附过程可用准二级吸附动力学模型描述.通过扫描电镜(SEM)发现泡桐树叶粉末经改性,表面变得松散粗糙;能谱分析(XPS)发现,吸附过程中发生了阳离子交换,Pb2+被吸附到泡桐粉末表面,而Ca2+被释放到溶液中.Ca(OH)2改性泡桐树叶粉末对Pb2+具有良好的吸附性能,可以用于重金属污染废水的处理.  相似文献   

9.
以固体废物粉煤灰(fly ash,FA)为原料,通过负载壳聚糖和钙离子制得一种新型吸附剂(Ca/CTS/FA),将其用于模拟染料废水中直接桃红12B(direct pink 12B,DP 12B)和直接蓝2B(direct blue 2B,DB 2B)的吸附,对吸附剂进行了EDS表征,并详细探讨了吸附条件、吸附动力学和热力学.结果表明,染料溶液pH、吸附时间和温度均对吸附有影响.不同温度下,Ca/CTS/FA对DP 12B和DB 2B的吸附过程完全符合准二级吸附速率方程,表观活化能分别为61.85kJ·mol-1和46.83kJ·mol-1.Ca/CTS/FA对DP 12B和DB 2B的等温吸附数据分别符合Freundlich模型和Langmuir模型.热力学参数吸附自由能变、焓变和熵变的结果表明,吸附剂对DP 12B为自发的放热吸附,而对DB 2B则为自发的吸热吸附.EDS分析表明CTS和Ca2+成功负载到FA上,且所得Ca/CTS/FA对DP12B和DB 2B的去除率分别比FA增大了1.4倍和85倍.Ca/CTS/FA能用蒸馏水再生,可循环使用1次以上.  相似文献   

10.
用改性茶叶与Fe3+反应,制得吸附材料茶叶质铁,用此吸附剂吸附水溶液中的活性艳红K-2BP染料和活性嫩黄K-6G染料,对吸附pH值、温度和时间等工艺条件和吸附动力学进行了研究.结果表明:茶叶质铁对2种染料的吸附最佳pH值都小于1,平衡吸附量随着温度的升高先增大后减小,茶叶质铁对结构式中含酚羟基的活性艳红K-2BP染料饱和吸附量大;动力学吸附速率方程表明茶叶质铁对2种染料的吸附反应符合一级反应.  相似文献   

11.
Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.  相似文献   

12.
何延凌 《科技信息》2008,(4):258-258
Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women's language from these perspectives: pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women's language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What's more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.  相似文献   

13.
王慧 《科技信息》2008,(10):240-240
Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.  相似文献   

14.
The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.  相似文献   

15.
The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3~4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰~ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰~ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084~0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078~0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.  相似文献   

16.
There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.  相似文献   

17.
In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.  相似文献   

18.
理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。  相似文献   

19.
As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.  相似文献   

20.
The non-orthogonal localized molecular orbital(NOLMO)is the most localized representation of electronic degrees of freedom.As such,NOLMOs are thus potentially the most efficient for linear scaling calculations of electronic structures for large systems.However,direct ab initio calculations with NOLMO have not been fully implemented and widely used,partly because of the slow convergence issue in the optimization of NOLMO.We devel-  相似文献   

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