丝胶树碱（funtumine）的合成

本文研究了以妊烯醇酮为原料，经过催化加氢、Mitsunobu反应、碱解、酸解等步骤，合成丝胶树碱，收率约61．0％。     

Sialon结合SiC耐火材料的高温碱侵蚀行为

研究了采用新工艺合成的低成本Ｓｉａｌｏｎ结合ＳｉＣ耐火材料在９００℃和１３００℃时的碱侵蚀动力学及碱侵蚀机理，研究发现，Ｓｉａｌｏｎ／ＳｉＣ耐火材料在１３００℃时的吸碱量低于９００℃时的吸碱量。这归结于在１３００℃时沉积碳部分地还原了Ｋ＿２Ｏ，从而阻碍了碱对Ｓｉａｌｏｎ／ＳｉＣ耐火材料的侵蚀。Ｓｉａｌｏｎ／ＳｉＣ耐火材料耐碱侵蚀能力高于Ｓｉ＿３Ｎ＿４／ＳｉＣ耐火材料。     

氧化亚锡催化合成乙酸呋喃甲酯的研究

研究了碱浓度对糠醛歧化反应中醇收率的影响,得出了最佳碱浓度,并将收率由65%提高到75.9%.采用固体催化剂氧化亚锡催化合成乙酸呋喃甲酯,分析了催化剂用量、反应温度、醇酸比对酯收率的影响,得出最佳反应条件,酯收率为80.9%.     

菲汀生产工艺条件的研究

本文采用酸性水浸碱中和的方法，从米糠中提取菲汀。研究了生产工艺条件，分析了影响菲汀收率的因素。     

邻羟基苯乙酮合成方法的改进

利用Ｆｒｉｅｓ重排反应，通过改变反应的催化剂，好以ＡＬＣＬ３－ＮＡＣＬ复盐为催化剂，使邻羟基苯乙酮收率达到４２％，反应时间缩短了４ｈ，同时可回收一定数量的副产品对羟基苯乙酮，收率为２９％。     

提高肌醇收率的工艺方法研究

为提高肌醇收率，粗菲汀经酸溶，过滤，碱中和沉淀而精制，用离子交换法对肌醇水溶液进行精制。可提高肌醇的收率(72．17％～91．10％)，与中和沉淀法相比，具有工艺流程短，操作简单，产品收率高等优点。     

相转移催化法制备羧甲基壳聚糖

用相转移催化剂制备羧甲基壳聚糖，研究了反应时间，温度，碱浓度和投料比等工艺条件对羧甲基化程度及产物收率的影响，结果表明，使用相转移催化剂，反应时间缩短到3h，羧甲基壳聚糖取代度和收率分别达到0.92和84.42%。     

正交设计法催化氢化制备2,4,5-三氨基-6-羟基嘧啶

以Ｐｄ／Ｃ为催化剂直接催化氢化２,４－二氨基－６－羟基－５－基硝基嘧啶制备２,４,５－三氨基－６－羟基喀啶,采用正效设计方法考察了碱的浓度、溶剂、催化和量、温度、反应时间等反应的影响,收率在９０％以上。     

北草乌生物碱的超声辅助浸提及含量测定

对北草乌的生物碱的溶剂提取及超声辅助浸提进行了比较，结果表明通过超声辅助浸提，可以提高总碱的提取收率，缩短浸提时间，测定了生物总碱的含量为0.43%，通过反相离子对高效液相色谱分离得到的总乌头碱进行了分析，结果看出北草乌中所含生物碱主要有四种，其中的三种为：新乌头碱、次乌头碱，在北草乌中上述三种乌头碱的含量分别为0 24%、0.05%、0.01%。     

氨基葡萄糖Schiff碱及其锌金属配合物的合成

以氨基葡萄糖硫酸盐为原料,分别与苯甲醛、水杨醛反应合成Schiff碱,设定不同的温度、反应时间、投料比,采用正交实验找到较优化的反应条件.再分别用2种Schiff碱和七水硫酸锌反应,考虑物料比这个单因素,合成Schiff碱锌配合物.结果表明,在反应温度45℃,反应时间5 h,反应物投料比1:2时,苯甲醛和氨基葡萄糖形成的Schiff碱收率为42.81%,水杨醛和氨基葡萄糖形成的Schiff碱收率为74.01%.在物料比为1:2时,苯甲醛Schiff碱合成的锌配合物收率较高,达到53.49%,水杨醛Schiff碱合成的锌配合物收率达到80.00%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the