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1.
胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cells,ES)在体外分化培养条件下可以分化出各种组织细胞,其中包括心肌细胞。ES细胞在体外向心肌细胞分化与体内完整胚胎心肌发育过程相符合。该细胞在体外分化过程中顺序表达心肌细胞特有结构蛋白和离子通道,如肌球蛋白轻链和重链、特异性肌动蛋白、电压依赖性Ca^2 通道、K^ 通道等。ES细胞分化来源的心肌细胞具有体内心肌细胞的生理学特点,如产生的动作电位、表现自发性收缩等。因此,ES细胞是研究心肌细胞发育分化机制及鉴定其关键基因的理想模型。  相似文献   

2.
目的使用小鼠验证这样一个假设:外界病毒浸入诱发心肌炎时,机体的干细胞将进入心脏提高心肌的抗病毒能力。方法雄性BALB/c小鼠分为三组:小鼠胚胎干细胞对照组(ES),心肌炎病毒组(EM CV)及EM-CV加ES治疗组。通过尾静脉注射,令小鼠立即感染病毒。小鼠死亡率,炎性细胞浸润及心肌坏死等为观察指征。干细胞的游走及分化等通过免疫荧光法来验证。结果给予干细胞后的小鼠的存活率明显高于生理盐水对照组,炎性细胞侵润及心肌坏死亦明显低于生理盐水对照组。免疫荧光法表明,干细胞进入心肌并分化成新的心肌细胞。结论干细胞能明显提高心肌炎小鼠的存活率,减少心肌组织的坏死。同时,亦证明当心脏遭受病毒的侵入后,干细胞通过某种机理修复或再生心肌细胞,从而提高组织的抗病毒能力。  相似文献   

3.
近年来,已报道从成年的小鼠中分离得到心脏干细胞(Cardiac Stem.Cells CSCs),并且应用于心脏病的治疗.但是心脏干细胞特征尚未完全阐述.通过体外分离成年小鼠的心肌组织,进行培养,分离得到半悬浮状态的具有干细胞特性的细胞;利用流式细胞仪检测分离得到的心脏干细胞的表面分子表达情况;并且通过调整培养条件诱导其体外分化.研究结果显示成功分离得到的心脏干细胞,表达干细胞标志分子Sca-1,以及间充质干细胞标志分子(CD29、CD90、CD44和CD106);体外分化研究显示心脏干细胞可以分化成心肌细胞、平滑肌细胞、脂肪细胞和成骨细胞.心脏干细胞具有间充质干细胞的特性,具有多向分化潜能,在心脏损伤的治疗中具有重要意义.  相似文献   

4.
心肌细胞是研究心血管疾病的重要工具之一,但是人类心肌细胞较难获得和培养.为人类胚胎干细胞诱导分化成心肌细胞提供一个有用的实验方法和鉴定方案.人胚胎干细胞以其多向分化的特性为体外研究提供了细胞资源.在人胚胎干细胞诱导分化为心肌细胞的过程中,通过荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)检测发现,在分化过程中干细胞标记物Cripto,Dnmt3b,Wnt3,KIF4,Oct4,SOX2和Nanog表达下降,心肌特异性结构蛋白cTnT和α-actinin以及心脏前体细胞分化标记物Nkx2.5表达上升.分化完成后用免疫荧光检测心肌特异性结构蛋白Tnn T2和α-actinin,通过分析Tnn T2阳性细胞的比例,α-actinin阳性细胞的比例,以及Tnn T2和α-actinin双阳性细胞的比例发现,在所提出的胚胎干细胞诱导分化体系中,三者比例分别为90.80%,91.00%,90.91%,表明在此诱导分化条件下人胚胎干细胞可成功分化成为心肌细胞.成功建立了人胚胎干细胞来源的心肌细胞模型以及基于标记物荧光定量PCR及免疫荧光系统检测的鉴定方案,为未来心血管疾病的基础研究及心脏毒性药物检测奠定了一定的基础.  相似文献   

5.
缺血性心脏疾病是当前全球范围内导致人类死亡的首要原因,基于干细胞的心肌修复疗法前景广阔,然而经干细胞定向诱导分化形成的心肌细胞尚未完全成熟,不能执行正常心肌细胞的功能。在介绍导电材料基电刺激平台和电刺激模型的基础上,重点综述近年来国内外利用电刺激调控干细胞心肌向分化和心肌修复的最新研究进展。研究表明,对接种在导电生物材料上的细胞施加电刺激可显著促进干细胞的心肌向分化以及心肌细胞的成熟和功能化,并且将形貌或3D微环境和电刺激相结合可显著促进干细胞源心肌细胞的成熟,然而目前针对这种联合刺激的研究尚未成熟,未来可更深入地探究细胞外基质微环境和电刺激对细胞的联合作用。  相似文献   

6.
谢莲萍 《科技信息》2009,(31):I0040-I0041
胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cell,ES细胞)是来源于囊胚内细胞团的一种多能细胞,具有分化的多向性和长期增殖能力,已经广泛用于生命科学的许多领域,它在医学方面的应用也成为医学领域的研究热点。本文综述了胚胎干细胞在诱导分化为神经细胞、造血干细胞、内皮细胞等方面的研究进展及在临床应用前景。  相似文献   

7.
干细胞(Stem cell)指具有自我更新、高度繁殖能力和具分化潜能的细胞。按分化潜能不同分为:全能干细胞、多能干细胞和定向干细胞。全能干细胞包括胚胎干细胞(ES细胞)和胚胎生殖细胞。由于干细胞的发现和突出的研究成果,国际上将此作为重大的科技进展[1]。自Evans等从延迟着床胚  相似文献   

8.
哺乳动物胚胎干细胞的特性及利用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
哺乳动物胚胎干细胞(ES细胞)是由动物早期胚胎发育的内细胞团(ICM)或原始生殖细胞(PGC)分离得到的。人们利用ES细胞所具有的全能性、体外分化以及稳定的遗传性能等特点,展示了ES细胞在建立哺乳动物的早期胚胎体外分化模型、转基因动物模型、器官和组织的修复和移植治疗、克隆动物的生产、发育生物学的研究等方面广阔的应用前景。但是,由于哺乳动物错综复杂的基因调控和环境因素的影响,对于胚胎干细胞的研究还存在诸多问题,还需作更深入细致的研究。  相似文献   

9.
诱导多能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cells,i PSCs)研究的快速发展为心血管转化医学研究领域提供了新的策略.诱导多能干细胞不仅具有与胚胎干细胞类似的多能性,且巧妙地回避了胚胎干细胞面临的伦理学问题和免疫排斥反应.心肌细胞等成体心血管细胞在发生心血管疾病后增殖能力有限,而i PSCs来源的心血管细胞在心脏再生治疗中颇具应用前景,是理想的细胞来源,因此在基础医学和转化医学研究领域受到广泛关注.就i PSCs的发展过程及其在心脏再生中的应用作一综述,并探讨目前i PSCs在心脏再生临床转化中亟待解决的问题.  相似文献   

10.
为进一步研究脂肪组织来源的干细胞增殖和多向分化潜能,用改进的方法分离脂肪组织来源的干细胞,通过cck-8检测细胞的增殖能力、流式细胞仪检测干细胞相关表面标记的表达、RT-PCR对干细胞相关基因的表达进行分析;并对分离得到的细胞向脂肪、软骨、骨及心肌细胞诱导,观察其多向分化能力.结果显示:采用改进的方法,从400~600 mg脂肪组织可收获约5×105个脂肪组织来源的干细胞,并且细胞可以重叠生长1个月以上,期间细胞表现出几个对数增殖期;所有增殖的细胞其干细胞相关表面标记都呈阳性表达;转录因子Nanog、Oct-4、Sox-2和Rex-1也呈强阳性表达;ADSCs向脂肪、骨、软骨和心肌细胞诱导分化后能够分别表达脂滴、碱性磷酸酶和矿化结节、富含黏多糖的软骨细胞外基质,以及少量心肌特异性连接蛋白Connexin-43,表明ADSCs具有向多个胚层细胞分化的能力.此外,为获得更多具有强增殖能力的细胞,根据生长曲线,对细胞进行每14 d传代而非传统的5 d传代,发现所得到的细胞仍保持强的增殖能力、干细胞表型以及更强的多向分化潜能.  相似文献   

11.
Previous research has shown that mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells can be induced to form neural cells in adherent monocultures. In this study, pluripotent stem (iPS) C5 cells derived from meningeal membranes were converted successfully into neural-like cells using the same protocol generally used for ES cells. Meningeal-iPS C5 cells were induced to express neural markers Sox1, Sox3, Pax6, Nestin and Tuj1 and to reduce the expression of ES markers Oct4 and Nanog during neural differentiation, and can be differentiated into Pax6 and Nestin positive neural progenitors, and further into neuronal, astrocytic, and oligodendrocytic cells. In vitro differentiation of iPS cells into patient-specific neural cells could serve as a model to study mechanisms of genetic diseases and develop promising candidates for therapeutic applications in dysfunctional or aging neural tissues. Meningeal cells express a high level of the embryonic master regulator Sox2, allowing them to be reprogrammed into iPS cells more easily than other somatic cells.  相似文献   

12.
In vitro cultured embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of pre-implantation embryos, and are capable of giving rise to all cell and tissue types of the three germ layers upon being injected back into blastocysts. These ceils are therefore said to possess pluripotency that can be maintained infinitely in culture under optimal conditions. Such pluripotency maintenance is believed to be due to the symmetrical cleavage of the cells in an undifferentiated state. The pluripotency of ES cells is the basis for their various practical and potential applications. ES cells can be used as donor cells to generate knockout or transgenic animals, as in vitro models of mammalian development, and as cell resources for cell therapy in regenerative medicine. The further success in these applications, particularly in the last two, is dependent on the establishment of a culture system with components in the medium clearly defined and the subsequent procedures for controlled differentiation of the cells into specific lineages. In turn, elucidating the molecular mechanism for pluripotency maintenance of ES cells is the prerequisite. This paper summarizes the recent progresses in this area, focusing mainly on the LIF/STAT3, BMPs/Smads, canonical Wnt, TGFβ/activin/nodal, PI3K and FGF signaling pathways and the genes such as oct4, nanog that are crucial in ES cell pluripotency maintenance. The regulatory systems of pluripotency maintenance in both mouse and human ES cells are also discussed. We believe that the cross-talkings between these signaling pathways, as well as the regulatory system underlying pluripotency maintenance will be the main focus in the area of ES cell researches in the future.  相似文献   

13.
In order to get hematopoietic cells from embryonic stem (ES) cells and to study development mechanisms of hematopoietic cells, the method of inducing embryonic stem cells to hematopoietic cells was explored by differenciating mouse ES cells and human embryonic cells in three stages. The differentiated cells were identified by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and Wright’s staining. The results showed that embryoid bodies (EBs) could form when ES cells were cultured in the medium with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME). However, cytokines, such as stem cell factor (SCF), thrombopoietin (TPO), interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), erythropoietin (EPO) and granular colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), were not helpful for forming EBs. SCF, TPO and embryonic cell conditional medium were useful for the differentiation of mouse EBs to hematopoietic progenitors. Eighty-six percent of these cells were CD34+ after 6-d culture. Hematopoietic progenitors differentiated to B lymphocytes when they were cocultured with primary bone marrow stroma cells in the DMEM medium with SCF and IL-6. 14 d later, most of the cells were CD34CD38+. Wright’s staining and immunohistochemistry showed that 80% of these cells were plasma-like morphologically and immunoglubolin positive. The study of hematopoietic cells from human embryonic cells showed that human embryonic cell differentiation was very similar to that of mouse ES cells. They could form EBs in the first stage and the CD34 positive cells account for about 48.5% in the second stage.  相似文献   

14.
15.
The mammalian heart has a very limited regenerative capacity and, hence, heals by scar formation. Recent reports suggest that haematopoietic stem cells can transdifferentiate into unexpected phenotypes such as skeletal muscle, hepatocytes, epithelial cells, neurons, endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes, in response to tissue injury or placement in a new environment. Furthermore, transplanted human hearts contain myocytes derived from extra-cardiac progenitor cells, which may have originated from bone marrow. Although most studies suggest that transdifferentiation is extremely rare under physiological conditions, extensive regeneration of myocardial infarcts was reported recently after direct stem cell injection, prompting several clinical trials. Here, we used both cardiomyocyte-restricted and ubiquitously expressed reporter transgenes to track the fate of haematopoietic stem cells after 145 transplants into normal and injured adult mouse hearts. No transdifferentiation into cardiomyocytes was detectable when using these genetic techniques to follow cell fate, and stem-cell-engrafted hearts showed no overt increase in cardiomyocytes compared to sham-engrafted hearts. These results indicate that haematopoietic stem cells do not readily acquire a cardiac phenotype, and raise a cautionary note for clinical studies of infarct repair.  相似文献   

16.
Properties and applications of embryonic stem cells   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells derived from the early embryo and can be propagated stably in undifferentiated state in vitro. They retain the ability to differentiate into all cell types found in the embryonic and adult body in vivo, and can be induced to differentiate into many cell types under appropriate culture conditions in vitro. Using these properties, people have set up various differentiated systems of many cell types and tissues in vitro. Through analysis of these systems, one can identify novel bioactive factors and reveal mechanisms of cell differentiation and organogenesis. ES cell-derived differentiated cells can also be applied to cell transplantation therapy. In addition, we summarized the features and potential applications of human ES cells.  相似文献   

17.
用大鼠心肌条件培养基建立来源于C57BL/6J小鼠的ES细胞系   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
报道一种新的建立C57BL/6J小鼠ES细胞系的方法,采用大鼠心肌条件培养基,在不使用饲养层细胞和白血病抑制因子(LIF)的情况下,从C57BL/6J品系小鼠中建成1个ES细胞系即MESPU41,成系率为1.0%。MESPU41细胞为XX型,核型正常率高达89%,表现出XX型ES细胞系少有的稳定性。进行体内分化实验时MESPU41细胞能发生广泛分化形成畸胎瘤。嵌合体制作实验证实MESPU41细胞具  相似文献   

18.
Passier R  van Laake LW  Mummery CL 《Nature》2008,453(7193):322-329
The potential usefulness of human embryonic stem cells for therapy derives from their ability to form any cell in the body. This potential has been used to justify intensive research despite some ethical concerns. In parallel, scientists have searched for adult stem cells that can be used as an alternative to embryonic cells, and, for the heart at least, these efforts have led to promising results. However, most adult cardiomyocytes are unable to divide and form new cardiomyocytes and would therefore be unable to replace those lost as a result of disease. Basic questions--for example, whether cardiomyocyte replacement or alternatives, such as providing the damaged heart with new blood vessels or growth factors to activate resident stem cells, are the best approach--remain to be fully addressed. Despite this, preclinical studies on cardiomyocyte transplantation in animals and the first clinical trials with adult stem cells have recently been published with mixed results.  相似文献   

19.
Murine embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cell lines established directly from the early embryo which can contribute differentiated progeny to all adult tissues, including the germ-cell lineage, after re-incorporation into the normal embryo. They provide both a cellular vector for the generation of transgenic animals and a useful system for the identification of polypeptide factors controlling differentiation processes in early development. In particular, medium conditioned by Buffalo rat liver cells contains a polypeptide factor, ES cell differentiation inhibitory activity (DIA), which specifically suppresses the spontaneous differentiation of ES cells in vitro, thereby permitting their growth as homogeneous stem cell populations in the absence of heterologous feeder cells. ES cell pluripotentiality, including the ability to give rise to functional gametes, is preserved after prolonged culture in Buffalo rat liver media as a source of DIA. Here, we report that purified DIA is related in structure and function to the recently identified hematopoietic regulatory factors human interleukin for DA cells and leukaemia inhibitory factor. DIA and human interleukin DA/leukaemia inhibitory factor have thus been identified as related multifunctional regulatory factors with distinct biological activities in both early embryonic and hematopoietic stem cell systems.  相似文献   

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