厦门白鹭卵的重金属含量分析

采用原子吸收法测定及比较厦门白鹭自然保护区鸡屿岛的白鹭(Egretta garzetta)卵的4种重金属(Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn)含量.结果表明,在白鹭卵的混合内含物当中或者在卵清和卵黄当中,4种重金属的含量都是Zn＞Cu＞Pb＞Cd,在卵壳当中的含量则是Zn＞Pb＞Cu＞Cd;白鹭卵壳的Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn的含量分别为22.594±2.383 μg/g,3.534±0.390 μg/g,11.850±1.877 μg/g,26.802±1.649(wet mass);白鹭卵清的Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn的含量分别为0.506±0.110 μg/g,0.180±0.032 μg/g,2.837±0.786 μg/g,10.389±0.361 μg/g(wet mass);白鹭卵黄的的Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn的含量分别为0.965±0.131 μg/g,0.537±0.092 μg/g,4.667±0.335 μg/g,13.536±0.327 μg/g(wet mass);白鹭卵壳的Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn的含量显著高于卵清和卵黄内的(p＜0.05),卵黄内的Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn含量高于卵清内的(p＜0.05).这表明鸟类能通过将过多的或不需要的重金属分泌到卵壳而排出体外,由此调整体内的元素平衡.     

厦门几种猛禽体内的重金属分布

测定厦门4种猛禽:草鸮(Tytocapensis)、东方角鸮(Otus sunia)、燕隼(Falco subbuteo)和红隼(Falcotinnunculus)体内铜、锌、铅、镉的含量,研究以上4种元素在猛禽不同组织中的分布规律.结果表明:在草鸮和东方角鸮的5种组织中,羽毛、肌肉、肝脏和心脏的重金属分布规律是Zn＞Cu＞Pb＞Cd,在骨头中为Zn＞Pb＞Cu＞Cd;在燕隼和红隼体内5种组织中的重金属分布规律也为Zn＞Cu＞Pb＞Cd.Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd在猛禽的肝脏、心脏以及骨骼中的含量较高,而在肌肉中的含量较低.猛禽体内的重金属含量主要受环境污染程度、食性以及鸟类富集重金属能力的影响.     

南昌市常见鸟类对环境中Cu、Pb、Cd重金属污染物的指示作用研究

鸟类是环境监测的代表性指示生物之一,为研究南昌市Cu、Pb、Cd的重金属污染状况,于2009年4～11月,在南昌市鸟类主要林栖地收集了6种鸟类(牛背鹭、燕子、白鹭、斑鸠、麻雀、白头鹎),用原子吸收法分别测定了这6种鸟类的心、肝、肺、胗、肌肉、绒羽和飞羽样品中Cu、Pb、Cd的含量.结果表明:3种重金属在这6种鸟体内的富集顺序是一致的,即Cu ＞Pb＞Cd;但重金属的富集存在明显的种间差异,6种鸟类的飞羽对这3种重金属富集量的大小各不相同,且富集能力因组织和元素的种类不同而不同;肝脏是Cu和Cd富集的目标器官,肺是Pb富集的目标器官.相同组织中的重金属含量因鸟的年龄大小也有差异,普遍规律是:成鸟＞幼鸟.经与其它地区比较,发现南昌市白鹭的飞羽对Cu、Cd的富集量低于法国Camargue生物圈保护区,而Pb的富集量高于厦门白鹭自然保护区、香港米埔自然保护区和法国Camar-gue生物圈保护区,说明南昌市的Pb污染较严重,而Cu、Cd的污染较轻.     

黄嘴白鹭卵的重金属含量与分布分析

黄嘴白鹭(Egretta eulophotes)是全球性受威胁鸟类,是国家二级重点保护动物.实验采用微波消解和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定比较了福建岛屿黄嘴白鹭卵内容物、卵壳和卵壳膜中铬(Cr)、锰(Mn)、镍(Ni)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)等7种重金属元素的含量.对去膜卵壳与带膜卵壳的7种重金属含量进行了差异性分析.结果表明,黄嘴白鹭去膜卵壳中含量最高的为Ni [(3.412±0.613) μg/g],卵壳膜和内容物中含量最高的均为Zn[(17.769±8.508) μg/g,(29.449±6.443) μg/g];3个部位含量最低的均为Cd[内容物最低(0.004±0.002) μg/g].除Mn元素外,其他元素在去膜卵壳、卵壳膜和内容物中的含量均有显著性差异,重金属主要富集在卵壳膜中.除Mn元素和Cd元素外,其余5种重金属元素在去膜卵壳与带膜卵壳中均存在显著性差异.上述结果提示,今后的相关研究报道中应注明受测卵壳是否带膜,以利于同类研究的正确比对.     

不同地点及性别的白鹭、池鹭羽毛的重金属含量分析

测定了采自福建省5个地区和广东省汕头市的白鹭(Egretta garzetta)和池鹭(Ardeola bacchus)成鸟羽毛中铬(Cr)、锰(Mn)、镍(Ni)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)7种重金属元素的含量.结果:重金属在两种鹭鸟的羽毛中积累规律都为:Zn>Cr>Cu>Pb>As>Cd.比较了武夷山、鸡屿、安海和汕头的白鹭羽毛样本的重金属的含量,结果Cr、Mn、Zn、As、Pb的含量存在显著的地区性差异,汕头地区的Cr、As含量最高而Mn、Zn、Pb含量最低;比较了武夷山和建瓯池鹭羽毛样本的重金属的含量,结果Ni和As的含量存在显著的地区性差异,武夷山地区的Ni含量较高而As含量较低.比较了武夷山地区池鹭、白鹭羽毛的重金属含量,Cr和As在池鹭中较高,Zn在白鹭中较高.比较了汕头地区白鹭雌雄羽毛样本,只有Cd的含量在雌性和雄性的羽毛中有显著差异.     

红树白骨壤幼苗对水中重金属的吸附性能研究

【目的】针对广西近岸海域重金属污染越来越严重的问题,研究红树白骨壤幼苗对水中重金属(Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd)的吸附去除性能。【方法】红树白骨壤幼苗采用砂培法由胚轴栽培而得,配制不同浓度混合重金属培养液对红树白骨壤幼苗胁迫培养35d后采用原子吸收光谱法测定其体内的重金属含量。【结果】随着培养液中重金属浓度的升高,红树白骨壤幼苗体内的重金属含量也逐渐增加,最高含量分别达到Cu 980.78μg/g,Pb 1623.03μg/g,Zn 446.21μg/g,Cd 69.41μg/g。红树白骨壤幼苗不同部位对重金属的积累能力普遍是叶部最少,茎部次之,大部分都积累在根部。红树白骨壤幼苗的根、茎对Zn的输送能力最好,其次是Cu和Cd,对Pb的输送能力最差。【结论】红树白骨壤幼苗对4种重金属都有较好的吸附能力,尤其是对Pb和Cu的吸附去除效果更好,是一种性能良好的近岸河口重金属污染修复植物。     

暗色型白鹭繁殖及其子代雏鸟生长的研究

2003年6月在厦门大兔屿鹭类营巢地首次发现暗色型白鹭,对其形态、繁殖以及子代雏鸟进行研究.暗色型白鹭在厦门的数量稀少,其羽色为暗灰色,但在头、喉、胸或腹部上存在着不同程度的白羽差异.暗色型白鹭与白色型白鹭结对繁殖,共同完成孵卵和育雏过程.暗色型白鹭巢位高度为520cm,较同一树上其他4个白鹭的巢位(428±62)cm高,巢高21.2cm,巢深10.8cm,巢内径38.0cm,巢外径60.2cm;卵呈鸭蛋青色,卵的长径为3.33cm,短径4.52cm,质量23g;窝雏数为4只;1日龄雏鸟平均体长(10.8±0.2)cm,平均体质量(21±0.5)g,子代雏鸟的羽色为白色,喙表现为乌黑发亮,皮肤颜色也较白色型黑.暗色型白鹭亲鸟和雏鸟的繁殖及生长发育等其它生物学特性与白色型白鹭基本相同.本文对国内暗色型白鹭的来源及其羽毛颜色的遗传特性进行分析探讨.     

珠江口担杆岛附近海域底栖腹足类重金属含量及评价

对分布于珠江口担杆岛附近海域的17种底栖腹足类重金属的含量进行测定，结果显示：所有种类的整体软件组织中所测得的Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni和Sn的含量都低于香港（PHMSO）和广东省（MOPAS）对产品管理的规定标准。7种腹足类体内的Cd含量和12种腹足类体内Cr含量分别超过PHMSO评价标准（2．00μg/g和1．00μg/g)；仅3种腹足类体内Cd含量和5种腹足类体内Cr含量分别超过MOPAS评价标准（5.50μg/g和5.50μg/g)；4种腹足类体内的Sb含量略直PHMSO评价标准（1.00μg/g)。结果还表明，Cd、Pb、Cr和Sb含量随腹足类整体体质量的增加而增加，而Cu和Zn在腹足类体内的含量与个体质量成反比。Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni、Sb和Sn含量在腹足类不同器官组织中的分布为：肝脏＞肾脏＞性腺＞鳃＞足（P＜0．01）；而Cd和Cr含量的分布则为：肾脏＞肝脏＞性腺＞鳃＞足（P＜0．01）。     

长沙市秋季TSP中重金属形态分布和污染评价

对长沙市师大附中、雨花区和火车站3个采样点秋季的大气颗粒物(TSP)浓度以及颗粒物中的重金属元素Cu,Zn,Pb和Cd的浓度和形态分布进行了研究分析,并对重金属元素的生物有效性进行了评价.结果表明,不同区域TSP浓度分布差别较大,其中雨花区最高,师大附中最低;TSP中重金属污染广泛存在,元素Zn,Pb浓度比Cu和Cd浓度要高,其中Zn的平均浓度为2.528μg.m-3,Pb为2.347μg.m-3,Cu为0.187μg.m-3,Cd为0.002μg.m-3.Tessier化学形态分析结果显示:Cu在前四态中含量非常高,特别是可交换态和碳酸盐态.Zn,Pb和Cd在前4态中分布也较多,表明4种金属元素迁移性高.生物有效性评价结果显示TSP中重金属生物可利用性强,Cu和Cd的生物有效性要高于Zn和Pb.     

秋季渤海湾(河北省段)水体及鱼体内重金属含量与评价

2013年秋季在渤海湾采集了48份水样,矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichth ys stigmatias Richardson)样品90份,测定重金属含量.水体表层7种重金属含量从高到低是Cu,Zn,Cr,As,Pb,Cd,Hg,底层是Zn,Cu,Cr,As,Pb,Cd,Hg,矛尾虾虎鱼体内重金属含量顺序是Zn,Cu,Pb,As,Cr,Cd,Hg.结果表明:Cr,Cd和As含量符合海水水质标准第工类标准要求,Hg和Pb符合海水水质标准第Ⅱ类标准要求,Zn和Cu符合海水水质标准第Ⅲ类标准要求;秋季渤海湾的矛尾虾虎鱼未受到重金属的污染.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to