基于极化干涉SAR数据的树高反演方法

为了利用极化干涉合成孔径雷达(SAR)实现精确、快速的树高反演,该文改进了基于极化干涉模型的传统线性度计算公式,提出了树高反演置信度。对置信度高的散射单元,用各极化方式下复相干点拟合得到的直线结合ESPRIT算法快速确定体散射复相干的位置,查表得到树高;对置信度低的散射单元直接用ESPRIT算法近似树高。实验结果表明,与传统方法相比,改进的线性度模型效果更好;体散射复相干估计结果符合极化干涉模型;用置信度指导树高反演,运行时间约为全部利用极化干涉模型反演的25%。     

基于干涉极化SAR数据的森林树高反演

将C1oude极化干涉散射模型和ESPRIT算法结合来降低森林参数反演的运算量.利用ESPRIT算法对Cloude模型中的散射相位中心进行估计,再将估计得到的散射相位中心代入Cloude模型,从而得到树木高度等参数.采用中国天山地区SIR-C/X-SAR L波段全极化干涉数据对森林地区植被树高进行了反演实验.实验表明,与直接采用Cloude的极化干涉模型进行反演相比,在反演精度不变的情况下,运算时间仅是单独使用Cloude模型的1%～2%.     

P波段极化干涉SAR树高反演算法研究

森林树高的反演是极化干涉合成孔径雷达(polarimetric SAR interferometry,PolInSAR)领域研究的热点,但针对P波段的研究较少。现在,反演树高的基本算法有:DEM差值法,相干幅度法,相位差与Sinc法和三阶段算法。本文从P波段数据出发,对四种算法进行了树高反演实验,结果表明:DEM差值法反演结果最差,其结果严重地低估了树高;相干幅度法会高估树高;而相位差与Sinc法的相关性很低;三阶段算法的结果最好,但对树高仍有一定程度的高估。     

综合利用光学、微波遥感数据反演土壤湿度研究

基于ASAR-APP和TM影像数据,研究了小麦覆盖地表的土壤湿度反演方法.首先,利用冠层后向散射模型MIMICS(michigan microwave canopy scattering),分析了第二入射角模式(IS2)2种极化组分散射对总散射的贡献,确定了土壤湿度反演的最佳极化模式;其次,分析了植被微波单次散射、植被层双程透过率与NDVI之间的关系,建立了单次散射及双程透过率模型,然后,结合IS2入射角模式ASAR数据,建立土壤湿度反演模型.最后,基于模拟数据和获取的ASAR、TM影像数据,利用半经验模型反演土壤湿度.研究结果表明:IS2_HH模式土壤散射在总散射中贡献更大,该数据更适合土壤湿度反演;植被微波单次散射、双程透过率与NDVI有很好的线性关系,可以利用线性模型建立它们之间的关系;半经验模型能够较好地反演土壤湿度,反演和实测的土壤湿度相关系数为0.75,均方根误差为5.07%.     

基于极化定向角补偿的思茅松林地上生物量反演

目的 极化合成孔径雷达在森林遥感监测中得到了广泛的应用。由于法拉第旋转和地物结构特性,电磁波极化定向角发生偏移,导致散射特征在机理上存在模糊性。本研究主要分析极化定向角偏移对体散射分量和地上生物量反演的影响。方法 以ALOS PALSAR全极化星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)数据为数据源,基于L波段散射特征,考虑地面与树干之间的二面角散射贡献,研究提出了一种扩展极化水云模型;基于Yamaguchi四分量分解参数和扩展极化水云模型估测思茅松林地上生物量。结果 通过酉变换来补偿极化定向角偏移后,体散射分量高估得到修正,极化定向角补偿后的体散射与实测地上生物量的回归模型较未补偿前效果更好(决定系数R²从0.214提升到0.332)。采用Yamaguchi四分量和扩展极化水云模型的地上生物量估测值和实测值有较强的相关性(R²= 0.644)和较低的均方根误差(23.11 t/hm²)。结论 SAR数据在极化分解前应进行极化定向角补偿,以减少体散射高估和二面角散射低估的问题,提高地上生物量反演精度。半经验极化扩展水云模型具有很好的估测森林地上生物量的潜力。     

基于极化SAR干涉反演DEM的方法

为了将极化信息有效的和干涉信息融合,提高数字高程模型(DEM)反演的精度,提出一种基于相似性参数的相干增强方法,基于加权中值滤波的相位滤波器以及基于加权的枝切法的相位解缠方法。该文从理论上分析了该方法和传统方法的性能。实验结果表明:与传统方法相比,该方法可以充分利用极化信息,有效地增强相干性,并将相位的质量提高7%,有效地抑制了噪声,将残余点数减少了95%以上,并快速精确地得到了三维地形图。     

基于极化SAR干涉反演DEM的方法

为了将极化信息有效的和干涉信息融合,提高数字高程模型(DEM)反演的精度,提出了基于相似性参数的相干增强方法,基于加权中值滤波的相位滤波器以及基于加权的枝切法的相位解缠方法。该文从理论上分析了该方法和传统方法的性能。实验结果表明:与传统方法相比,该方法可以充分利用极化信息,有效地增强相干性,并将相位的质量提高7%,有效地抑制了噪声,将残余点数减少了95%以上,并快速精确地得到了三维地形图。     

基于二维CP-GTD模型的全极化ISAR超分辨成像

针对全极化ISAR成像雷达体制,建立了能够精确描述雷达目标高频电磁极化散射机理的二维相干极化GTD(CP-GTD)模型,提出了基于二维CP-GTD模型的全极化ISAR超分辨成像方法,并在此基础上实现了全极化ISAR散射中心特征提取,从根本上解决了现有方法难以提取散射中心的相干极化信息的难题.与已有方法相比,二维CP-GTD方法的突出优点在于建立了更精确的散射模型,能够准确估计散射中心的相干散射矩阵;此外全极化信息的利用,使得它还具有超分辨成像效果更好、估计精度更高、计算效率更高等优点.通过对实验结果进行非相干性及相干性指标评估分析,验证了二维CP-GTD模型的优越性.     

一种无需特征值分解的快速ESPRIT算法

ESPR IT算法是一种用于估计到达角(DOA)的参数类超分辨算法,由于这种算法在有效性和稳定性方面都有非常突出的表现,所以其受到了广泛的研究,并成为主要的超分辨算法.但是,在运用ESPR IT算法时不可避免的要进行特征值或奇异值分解(EVD/SVD),这使得其无法运用于实时系统.基于实时性方面的考虑,提出了一种无需特征分解的快速算法(VESPR IT).此算法有效性和稳健性方面虽然要比标准的ESPR IT算法稍差一些,但是其节约了计算时间使得此算法可以运用于实时处理.     

基于极化干涉SAR的植被高度反演算法对比分析

极化干涉SAR综合了干涉SAR和极化SAR的优点,被广泛应用于植被高度的反演。对已有的四种基于极化干涉SAR的植被高度反演算法进行了论述,利用PoLSARpor进行仿真数据实验,对比分析了四种植被高度反演算法的优缺点及其适用范围。最后指出极化干涉SAR技术有待进一步研究的方向和问题。为选取基于极化干涉SAR的植被高度反演算法提供参考。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.