Cu2+、Zn2+、Al3+对泥鳅的单一和联合毒性研究

 本文研究了Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺、Al³⁺3种离子对泥鳅的单一和联合毒性。结果表明：Zn²⁺和Al³⁺对泥鳅24 h的半致死浓度（LC₅₀）分别为3.24和1.50 mg/L;Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺和Al³⁺对泥鳅48 h的LC₅₀分别为1.05、3.02和1.43 mg/L,对泥鳅72 h的LC₅₀则为0.67、3.02和1.39 mg/L,对泥鳅96 h的LC₅₀分别为0.56、2.87和1.35 mg/L;而Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺、Al³⁺ 3种离子对泥鳅96 h的安全浓度分别为0.0056、0.029和0.014 mg/L。采用Marking相加指数评价法进一步分析结果显示,Cu²⁺-Zn²⁺-Al³⁺混合溶液对泥鳅表现出拮抗作用（48和72 h）和协同作用（96 h）。     

RP-HPLC法测定原料药中头孢拉定的含量

利用反相液相色谱法（RP-HPLC）直接测定原料药中头孢拉定的含量.采用YQG-ODS色谱柱，以V(CH₃OH）∶V(4%HAc-NaAc）＝3∶7的溶剂作流动相，于λ=262 nm处紫外检测，以峰面积外标法定量.头孢拉定在0.027～0.29 g·L^-1浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系，回归方程为Y（μV·ｓ）=1.88×107X(g·L^-1)+20 876,r=0.998 3，平均回收率为99.7%,RSD为0.57%（n=3）.     

硫酸铁改性活性氧化铝除氟性能及机理探究

采用浸渍法制备质量分数为1.0%、2.5%的硫酸铁溶液改性活性氧化铝（1.0% Fe₂（SO₄）₃-MGAA、2.5% Fe₂（SO₄）₃-MGAA）,根据吸附等温实验和吸附动力学实验研究其对氟的吸附性能,从BET表征、零质子电荷点（pH_zpc）和pH缓冲强度等角度探讨吸附剂除氟机理。实验结果表明：活性氧化铝GAA、1.0% Fe₂（SO₄）₃-MGAA、2.5% Fe₂（SO₄）₃-MGAA 3种吸附剂除氟的吸附等温线均更好地符合Langmuir吸附,最大吸附量分别为8.78、14.08、16.78 mg/g,对20 mg/L高氟水去除率分别为34.5%、54.5%、66.5%;3种吸附剂对水中氟的吸附动力学符合准二级吸附速率方程;改性活性氧化铝表面存在的SO₄^2-和OH^-与F^-发生离子交换作用,SOFe²⁺与F^-产生配位作用,并存在一定的静电作用。改性后活性氧化铝pH缓冲强度均显著增强,数据分析发现pH缓冲强度与吸附性能呈正相关,因此可以从pH缓冲强度的角度初步预测改性效果。     

柴胡药渣对锌离子的吸附动力学特性

 为了探讨柴胡药渣对含锌废水的吸附特性和液相pH 值、电导率变化特性,以柴胡药渣为生物吸附剂,进行了Zn²⁺批量吸附实验研究。分析了液相pH 值、Zn²⁺初始浓度（C₀）、柴胡药渣加入质量浓度（ρ_m）、粒度（M_z）等因素对吸附效果的影响,并进行等温吸附模拟及吸附动力学相关分析。结果表明,实验室环境下的较佳的吸附条件为：pH 值为4.0～6.0,ρ_m 为4.0~8.0 g/L,M_z为40~100 目,C₀为0.1~2.0 mmol/L。柴胡药渣对Zn²⁺的等温吸附结果很好符合了Langmuir 和Freunlich 吸附模型,R²分别为0.978 和0.989;计算所得最大吸附量（q_max）达到19.96 mg/g,说明柴胡药渣对Zn²⁺有很好的吸附能力。动力学吸附分析表明,柴胡药渣对Zn²⁺的吸附是一个快速进行的反应过程,二级吸附速率方程拟合结果中R²均在0.997 以上,由此认为其吸附反应过程中限速步骤是化学吸附过程。柴胡药渣对Zn²⁺吸附过程中液相pH 值分析表明,pH 值呈现初始阶段迅速升高后进入缓慢变化的趋势。     

聚苯乙烯微塑料和纳米氧化锌对锦鲫的复合生物效应

纳米金属氧化物和微塑料均为典型的颗粒态污染物，对水生生态系统存在安全风险，但目前鲜有研究两者对水生生物的复合效应.为探究聚苯乙烯微塑料(Polystyrene Microplastic,PS MPs)与纳米氧化锌(ZnO Nanoparticles,ZnO NPs)复合作用下的生物响应，以锦鲫(Carassius auratus)为受试生物，将其暴露在ZnO NPs(1 mg·L^-1),PS MPs(1 mg·L^-1,10 mg·L^-1),ZnO NPs+PS MPs (1 mg·L^-1+1 mg·L^-1与1 mg·L^-1+10 mg·L^-1)中14 d.测定了两种颗粒物的水合粒径、Zeta电位、水体Zn²⁺含量、Zn在锦鲫各组织中的富集量和肝脏氧化损伤指标.结果显示，与PS MPs复合后，ZnO NPs在水体中的团聚性和稳定性增加，与高浓度PS MPs复合后水中Zn²⁺含量降低；锦鲫各组织...     

可见光下蒙脱土负载花状In2S3复合材料光催化降解有机染料

以蒙脱土(MMT)、三氯化铟(InCl₃)、硫代乙酰胺为原料,一步溶剂热法制备了蒙脱土/In₂S₃复合材料(MMT/In₂S₃).紫外-可见漫反射光谱显示该复合材料对光的吸收边缘比MMT宽,从352 nm红移至600 nm.同时,70%MMT/In₂S₃光致发光光谱的强度最低.研究了模拟可见光照射下MMT/In₂S₃复合材料对甲基橙的光降解行为,考察了不同MMT负载量、复合材料用量、MO初始浓度、常见阴阳离子对复合材料光降解MO的影响.光降解实验结果表明,20 mg 70%MMT/In₂S₃对30 mL、20 mg·L^-1 MO的去除率为93.7%,光催化过程的反应速率常数为0.046 min^-1.溶液中常见Na⁺,K⁺,Mg²⁺,Ca     

SOFCs阴极材料La0.6Sr0.4Co1-x Fex O3-δ溶胶凝胶自燃烧法的制备

以分析纯La（NO₃）₃·6H₂为O、Sr（NO₃）₂、Co（NO₃）₂·6H₂O和Fe（NO₃）₁·9H₂O为原料,采用溶胶凝胶-自燃烧法制备了不同组成的La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_1-xFe_xO_3-δ（LSCF）超细粉体。采用X线衍射（XRD）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对合成超细粉体的结构和形貌进行测定和表征。结果表明:溶胶凝胶-自燃烧法可一步合成粒径为30～70 nm的LSCF超细粉体,且随着Fe³⁺含量的增加,衍射峰值向低角度方向略有偏移。对超细粉体的烧结性能、热膨胀性能及电性能进行测试,结果表明:该粉体在1 100℃下烧结2 h,其相对密度达到97%。热膨胀系数随x(Fe³⁺含量)增加而增大,由x=0.1时的8.42×10^-6K^-1增大至x=0.5时的9.56×10^-6K^-1。直流四端子法电导测试表明:电导率随温度的升高（200～800℃）出现极大值,最大值可达950 S/cm,在500～700℃范围内,电导率均在200 S/cm以上,能够很好地满足中低温固体氧化物燃料电池对阴极材料的要求。     

共沉淀中热力学耦合对正极材料电化学性能的影响

以共沉淀法制备钠离子层状氧化物正极材料NaNi_0.4Mn_0.4Fe_0.2O₂,采用Al³⁺有效控制和平衡共沉淀反应的过程.考察了加入Al元素带来的热力学耦合效应及对正极材料电化学性能的影响.结果表明,在Mn²⁺,Ni²⁺和Fe²⁺离子共存的环境中,由于Al³⁺更高的过饱和度和更负的吉布斯自由能变(ΔG)所产生的热力学耦合效应,显著改变了溶液离子之间的沉淀驱动力,加速Ni²⁺和Mn²⁺的沉淀并抑制Fe³⁺的沉淀.Na［Ni_0.4Mn_0.4Fe_0.2］_0.995Al_0.005O₂正极材料表现出优异的电化学性能,这归因于引入Al³⁺制备得到高质量的前驱体(［0.4MnCO₃·0.4NiCO₃·0.2Fe(OH)₃］_0.995·0.005Al(OH)₃).     

2种稀土Eu3+,Tb3+配合物的合成与其光致发光性质

设计合成新的三齿有机配体4-（4’-咔唑-9基-丁基氧）-吡啶-2,6-二甲酸（H₂CBODPA）,并以此为配体合成配合物Na₃Eu（CBODPA）₃和Na₃Tb（CBODPA）₃.通过对有机配体分子结构的调控,稀土Eu³⁺和Tb³⁺有机配合物的激发波长明显地向长波长方向移动,与吡啶-2,6-二甲酸配合物的激发波长相比,其有效激发波长向长波长方向移动约70 nm.Na₃Eu（CBODPA）₃和Na₃Tb（CBODPA）₃在近紫外光（350 nm）的激发下,分别得到较强的特征红色发光(Eu³⁺)和特征绿色发光(Tb³⁺).研究结果对合成长波长激发的稀土有机发光探针提供理论依据和应用参考价值.     

NaY9(SiO4)6O2: Bi3+,Eu3+荧光材料的合成及温敏特性

为寻找高性能荧光温敏探针材料,用荧光强度比率法,对NaY_9-x-y(SiO₄)₆O₂:xBi³⁺,yEu³⁺荧光粉体的温敏特性进行了研究.结果表明:该材料中存在Bi³⁺→ Eu³⁺的高效能量传递,单一波段激发Bi³⁺发光离子,可获得Bi³⁺和Eu³⁺的双发射荧光光谱;温度升高时,Eu³⁺发射光谱的猝灭速率比Bi³⁺缓慢;根据不同温度下2种发光光谱强度的比值,获得了NaY_6.192(SiO₄)₆O₂:0.108Bi³⁺,2.7Eu³⁺在300~450 K最高相对灵敏度为1.51 %·K^-1,大大优于可实用温敏材料的相对灵敏度数值(0.3 %·K^-1),该材料具有较大的实际应用前景.     

Ferromagnetism at 230 K in （Ba0.7K0.3）（Zn0.85Mn0.15）2As2 diluted magnetic semiconductor

We report the ferromagnetism with Cure temperature Tcat 230 K in a new diluted magnetic semiconductor(DMS)(Ba0.7K0.3)(Zn0.85Mn0.15)2As2isostructural to ferropnictide 122 superconductors synthesized via low temperature sintering.Spin is doped by isovalence substitution of Mn2+for Zn2+,while charge is introduced by heterovalence substitution of K1+for Ba2+in(Ba0.7K0.3)(Zn0.85Mn0.15)2As2DMS,being different from(Ga,Mn)As where both spincharge are induced simultaneously by heterovalence substation of Mn2+for Ga3+.The(Ba0.7K0.3)(Zn0.85Mn0.15)2As2DMS shows spontaneous magnetization following T3/2dependence expected for a homogeneous ferromagnet with saturation moment 1.0μB for each Mn atom.     

Mn2+和Mo6+对棉花幼苗生长耐盐性的影响

研究了Mn²⁺和Mo⁶⁺混合液浸种对棉花幼苗生长耐盐性的影响.结果表明,适宜浓度的Mn²⁺和Mo⁶⁺能明显提高盐渍土中棉花幼苗长度、根系活力、叶片叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性,即提高了棉花幼苗生长的耐盐性,其中以1 000 mg·L^-1 Mn2++200 mg·L^-1 Mo⁶⁺效果最佳.     

Synthesis and luminescence properties of Mn4+-dopant Ca14Zn6Ga10−xAlxO35 solid solution

Mn~(4+)-activated oxide phosphors,owing to their desirable spectral features,eco-friendly and low cost,are emerging as a new class of non-rare-earth red phosphors for warm white LEDs.However,these phosphors possess low photoluminescence quantum efficiency excited by blue chip currently.Herein we report an isostructural solid solution of Ca_(14)Zn_6Ga_(10-x)Al_xO_(35):0.15Mn~(4+)(0≤x≤10)synthesized by a traditional solidstate reaction route.The microstructure and luminescent performance of this red-emitting phosphor are investigated in detail with the aids of X-ray diffraction,diffuse reflection spectra,photoluminescence spectra/decay/QE,and temperature-dependent PL/QE measurements.Blue shift of energy peaks of~4A_2→~4T_1and~4A_2→~4T_2transition is illustrated by the Tanabe–Sugano diagram and the configurational coordinate diagram.The crystal field strength(Dq)and the Racah parameters(B and C)are carefully calculated to estimate the nephelauxetic effectβrespectively.Particularly we achieve external and internal quantum efficiencies as high as26.1%and 40.3%for Ca_(14)Zn_6Ga_6Al_4O_(35):0.15Mn~(4+)excited by 466 nm,the highest one ever reported in Mn~(4+)activated oxide phosphors under the similar condition.     

Synthesis and modification of well-ordered layered cathode oxide LiNi<Subscript>2/3</Subscript>Mn<Subscript>1/3</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript>

Oxalic-acid-based co-precipitation method was employed to prepare LiNi_2/3Mn_1/3O₂ sample with a high-ordered structure. Li⁺, Ni²⁺ and Mn²⁺ acetates were used as starting materials. The influence of the amount of lithium source in the starting materials on Li⁺ content, disorder of Li⁺-Ni²⁺ ions, and electrochemical performance has been investigated. Rietveld refinement shows that the sample prepared with 20% excess Li-source in the starting materials exhibits a perfect ordered structure. A specific discharge capacity is as high as 172 mAh/g at C/20 in the voltage range of 4.35–2.7 V. However, the cyclability is not satisfactory: about 25.3% fade in capacity was observed over 50 cycles. Chemically stable SiO2 was coated on the surface of LiNi_2/3Mn_1/3O₂ particles. A significant improvement in cyclability was attained with 3 wt% SiO2 coating, which is ascribable to the protection of LiNi_2/3Mn_1/3O₂ particles from being dissolved into the electrolyte.     

Electrical and band-gap properties of amorphous zinc–ind ium–tin oxide thin films

Zinc–indium–tin oxide (ZITO) films were grown by pulsed-laser deposition. Three different material compositions were investigated: ZITO-30, ZITO-50 and ZITO-70 in which 30%,50% and 70%, respectively, of the indium in the In2O3 structure was replaced by substitution with zinc and tin in equal molar proportions (co-substitution): In22xZnxSnxO3, where x=0.3, 0.5, 0.7. All ZITO films grown at room temperature were amorphous. The first evidence of crystallinity was observed at higher deposition-temperature as the degree of co-substitution was increased. A decrease in mobility and conductivity was also observed as the degree of co-substitution was increased. The highest mobility for ZITO-30 and ZITO-50 was observed at deposition temperatures just prior to crystallization. The effect of deposition temperature on carrier concentration was minor compared to the effect of oxygen partial pressure during deposition.     

Structure and electrochemical properties of LiLaxMn2-xO4 cathode material by the ultrasonic-assisted sol-gel method

Powders of spinel LiLa_xMn_2—xO₄ were successfully synthesized by the ultrasonic-assisted sol-gel (UASG) method. The structure and properties of LiLa_xMn_2—xO₄ were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), galvanostatic charge-discharge test, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). XRD results show that the La³⁺ can partially replace Mn³⁺ in the spinel and the doped materials with La³⁺ have a larger lattice constant compared with pristine LiMn₂O₄. FT-IR indicates that the absorption peak of Mn³⁺−O and Mn⁴⁺− O bonds has a red and blue shift with the increase of doping lanthanum in LiLa_xMn_2—xO₄, respectively. The charge-discharge test exhibits that the initial discharge capacity of LiLa_xMn_2—xO₄ drops off, and the capacity retention increases gradually at C/5 discharge rate with the increase of doping lanthanum, and LiLa_0.01Mn_1.99O₄ has a higher discharge capacity and a better cycling performance at 1C discharge rate. CV reveals that the doping La³⁺ is beneficial to the reversible extraction and intercalation of Li⁺ ions.     

金属离子对钢在没食子酸/硫酸介质中的腐蚀行为研究

 用失重法研究了4种金属离子(Na⁺,Zn²⁺,Cu²⁺,Fe³⁺)在0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄以及500 mg/L没食子酸+0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄介质中在20℃对冷轧钢腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明:Cu²⁺对钢的腐蚀起抑制作用;而其余3种金属离子(Na⁺,Zn²⁺,Fe³⁺)对钢的腐蚀起加速作用.在相同条件下,冷轧钢在0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄溶液中的腐蚀速率顺序为:Cu²⁺2++3+;而在500 mg/L没食子酸+0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄介质中,腐蚀速率顺序为:Cu²⁺2+3++.     

Zn2+对果蝇生育力和寿命及抗氧化能力的影响

为了研究Zn~(2+)对果蝇生育力和寿命及抗氧化能力的影响。以黑腹果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)为研究动物,用生存实验来考查不同浓度的Zn~(2+)处理果蝇,研究果蝇F1-F4代生育力和寿命的变化,雌、雄果蝇数量的变化,抗氧化酶SOD、CAT的活力及MDA含量的变化。结果显示:添加Zn~(2+)浓度为1.0 g/mL可以使F1-F4代雌、雄果蝇世代生育力增强,寿命延长,而在Zn~(2+)浓度为2.0×10-3g/mL时果蝇体内MDA含量大量积累,SOD和CAT活性急剧降低,使果蝇提前衰老、死亡并且降低或丧失生殖能力,而Zn~(2+)对果蝇性别分化影响不大,总体接近于1:1。因此,适当浓度的Zn~(2+)可以延长果蝇寿命,增强其生殖力,提高抗氧化能力。     

Y2O2S:Eu3+,Zn2+,Ti4+荧光体的缺陷及红色长余辉发光性质

采用高温固相法合成了红色长余辉材料Y2O2S:Eu3+,Zn2+,Ti4+,实现了余辉发光中心和缺陷中心之间的能量传递。通过XRD、荧光发射和激发光谱、余辉发射光谱与衰减曲线、色坐标和热释光谱测试手段对Y2O2S:Eu3+,Zn2+、Y2O2S:Eu3+,Ti4+、Y2O2S:Eu3+,Zn2+,Ti4+和Y2O2S:Eu3+,Mg2+,Ti4+进行了结构与性能的表征,发现其荧光发射与余辉发射基本一致,红色余辉发光主峰位于625 nm附近,来源于Eu3+的5D0→7F2跃迁发射。相比而言,Y2O2S:Eu3+,Zn2+,Ti4+余辉发光性能最好,可持续1.5 h左右。     

Mn-ion-enhanced red spectral emission from yttrium aluminum garnet doped cerium phosphor

Mnions were co-doped in yttrium aluminum garnet doped cerium(YAG:Ce) phosphors as a co-activator and host lattice element using the co-precipitation method.These ions broadened the emission spectra of the pure YAG:Ce phosphor,which is caused by the 2E-4A2,5E-5T2 or 1T2-5T2 transition.From our X-ray diffraction results,we observed that Ce3+(1.032 ) was substituted at the Y3+(0.900 ) site,and Mn4+(0.538 ) and Mn3+(0.67 ) were substituted at the Al3+(0.535 ) site.The chromaticity color co-ordinates of YAG:Ce0.06 is(0.203,0.167),and the indices of YAG:Ce0.06,Mn0.04 and YAG:Ce0.06,Mn0.08 are(0.249,0.181) and(0.233,0.194),respectively.The manganese co-doped yttrium aluminum garnet doped cerium blended with the YAG:Ce phosphor showed improved white light emission.