硅酸钠和PAM对纳米SiO_2分散性能的影响

选择九水合硅酸钠和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)作为分散剂,通过激光粒度分析仪对纳米颗粒的分散稳定性进行评价,红外光谱仪对分散剂在颗粒表面的吸附状态进行识别.发现九水合硅酸钠和聚丙烯酰胺结合起来使用可以发挥协同效应,从而显著改善纳米SiO2颗粒在水溶液中的分散稳定性,而且当九水合硅酸钠和聚丙烯酰胺这两种分散剂的添加量相同时,先添加九水合硅酸钠后添加聚丙烯酰胺,与先添加聚丙烯酰胺后添加九水合硅酸钠相比,纳米颗粒的分散稳定性有所提高.     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮修饰六氰合铁酸钴纳米粒子的制备

用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作为稳定剂在水溶液中合成了普鲁士蓝类化合物六氰合铁酸钴(CoHCF)纳米颗粒.得到了分散较好、大小均匀、具有面心立方结构的纳米颗粒.重点分析了PVP的引入以及溶液初始酸度对CoHCF纳米粒子粒径分布、晶体结构、红外光谱的影响;得出随PVP浓度的增大,溶液初始酸度的减小,CoHCF纳米粒子的尺寸逐渐减小的结论.     

纳米Ni/Fe双金属催化降解盐酸环丙沙星的研究

用液相还原法制备纳米Ni/Fe双金属,通过比表面分析仪(BET)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)对其进行了表征.研究结果表明,制备的纳米金属颗粒直径在10～20 nm,比表面积为68 m2/g.纳米Ni/Fe投加量为0.43 g/L,盐酸环丙沙星的初始质量浓度为30 mg/L,初始pH为7的降解效果最好,催化反应60 min后,降解率达83.3%.在最佳反应条件下,纳米Ni/Fe、纳米零价铁和商业铁粉的降解效率顺序为:纳米Ni/Fe双金属>纳米零价铁>商业铁粉.纳米Ni/Fe双金属对盐酸环丙沙星的降解反应近似符合一级动力学方程.     

纳米流体的制备及稳定性分析

采用"两步法"制备了Al__2O_3-水和SiO_2-水纳米流体,并分别采用十二烷基硫酸钠(sodium dodecyl sulfonate,SDS)和阿拉伯树胶(Arabic gum,AG)作为分散剂。通过圆环法测定了25℃时SDS水溶液的临界胶束浓度(critical micelle concentration,CMC)。利用悬浮物测试仪分析了纳米流体的稳定性,并着重分析比较了超声分散时间、分散剂浓度、分散剂种类对纳米流体稳定性的影响。分析结果表明:Al_2O_3纳米颗粒在超声分散3 h时具有最佳的稳定性,SiO_2纳米颗粒在超声分散5 h时获得最佳稳定性。添加阴离子表面活性剂SDS的质量分数在CMC附近时,对两种纳米流体均具有最好的稳定性,而高分子表面活性剂AG的质量分数与纳米粒子的质量分数相仿时,具有最好的稳定性。     

TiO2-MDEA-H2O纳米流体热物理性质测量

为了强化N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)溶液对CO2的吸收,通过将纳米TiO2颗粒分散至质量分数50％的MDEA水溶液中,制备了TiO2-MDEA-H2O纳米流体.通过采用测定纳米流体的吸光度方法对纳米流体的分散稳定性进行研究.结果表明:经过机械分散,在不添加任何分散剂的情况下,纳米流体放置48 h无明显团聚现象.测量了纳米TiO2颗粒质量分数分别为0.05％,0.20％,0.40％和0.80％时纳米流体的热物理性质.结果表明:随着纳米TiO2颗粒质量分数的增加,纳米流体的表面张力、运动黏度和导热系数都增加了.纳米流体的表面张力最大增大了约0.6％,运动黏度最大增大了约4.6％,导热系数最大增加了约5.9％.     

水热法制备BaF2纳米颗粒

采用水热合成法,以BaCl2和KF为反应物,在聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作表面活性剂的水-醇体系中制备了结晶良好的BaF2纳米颗粒.考察了PVP用量对纳米颗粒生成的影响.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和红外光谱(IR)等测试手段对样品进行了表征.结果表明,以PVP为表面活性剂可以完善BaF2的结晶质量,以形成立方结构的BaF2纳米颗粒.     

TiO2纳米刺球制备和表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出球形TiO2纳米粒子,通过离心的方法将TiO2纳米粒子从乙醇中转移到水中.在60℃下,将分散剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和刻蚀剂NaBH4加入到TiO2纳米粒子水分散体系中,经61h的恒温刻蚀反应,制备出TiO2纳米刺球.此外,该刻蚀方法同样被应用于Au@SiO2@TiO2纳米刺球的制备.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、动态光散射(DLS)、透射电镜(TEM)及X射线衍射实验(XRD)等方法对TiO2纳米粒子和Au@SiO2@TiO2纳米粒子及其纳米刺球进行表征,进而探索NaBH4刻蚀TiO2的机理.该刻蚀方法所需的设备和实验步骤相对简单,反应条件温和可控,较易实现大批量的TiO2纳米刺球的合成并且也适用于外壳层为TiO2的复合核壳结构纳米刺球的制备.     

纳米碳化钨粉体的粒度表征

以工业化生产设备制备纳米碳化钨粉,采用X射线衍射谱(XRD)、比表面积法(BET)、冷场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、激光动态光散射仪对样品的物相、粒度及其分布进行表征,探讨其测量原理.实验结果表明:纳米碳化钨粉的平均颗粒尺寸为90 nm,大多数近似球形,也有一部分呈多角形.为了能更准确地测量纳米碳化钨粉颗粒的粒径,分散剂中的样品要有较好的分散,才能破坏团聚体,同时纳米碳化钨粉颗粒的形状对激光动态光散射仪的测量结果具有重要的影响.     

硝酸剥蚀对纳米铜粉在润滑油中分散特性的影响

对纳米铜粉进行硝酸剥蚀和表面改性,研究剥蚀程度和表面改性剂的用量对纳米铜粉分散性能的影响.应用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和傅里叶红外光谱(FI-IR)对剥蚀和改性后纳米铜粉的组成、颗粒大小、表面状况进行表征.结果表明:硝酸剥蚀可以起到细化纳米铜粉颗粒的作用,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)在对纳米铜粉表面改性的同时抑制Cu2O的产生.剥蚀改性后的纳米铜粉的分散稳定性明显优于未剥蚀改性的纳米铜粉.     

单分散球形SiO2的制备及其分散体系的流变性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法,在乙醇介质中氨催化水解正硅酸乙酯制备单分散球形SiO2微粒,考察了硅烷偶联剂作为分散剂对SiO2粉末颗粒分散性能的影响。采用透射电镜对未添加分散剂制备的SiO2粉末和添加硅烷偶联剂后制备的SiO2粉末进行形貌观察,并对以硅烷偶联剂作分散剂制备的SiO2粉末进行X射线衍射、红外光谱分析和表征,采用应力控制流变仪对SiO2/PEG分散体系的流变性能进行测定与分析。研究结果表明:硅烷偶联剂显著提高了SiO2粉末颗粒的分散性能,粉末颗粒呈单分散的球形粒子,所制备的SiO2粉末样品为非晶态物质;SiO2/PEG分散体系具有剪切变稀和可逆的剪切增稠现象。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.