钙基膨润土对水相中铜离子的吸附

通过考察吸附条件对吸附率及吸附负载量的影响,研究了钙基膨润土对水相中铜离子的吸附特性.实验结果表明,钙基膨润土对铜离子有较好的吸附效果;钙基膨润土对铜离子的吸附在15 min就达到吸附平衡;铜离子的吸附在15 min就达到吸附平衡;当铜离子初始质量浓度为190.6 mg/L,pH=6.03,t=20℃,吸附时间τ=15 min,吸附剂用量为10 g/L时,膨润土对铜离子的吸附率为94%.对初始质量浓度为635.4 mg/L的铜离子溶液,膨润土对铜离子的吸附率仍达57%.从吸附前后膨润土的扫描电镜图片和X射线衍射图谱对比分析可知,膨润土对铜离子的吸附不仅有表面和孔道吸附,还存在着晶层间吸附.     

河砂对径流污染物吸附效果试验研究

河砂是透水铺装、生物滞留池及树池等海绵城市建设用设施的主要原材料之一,对其吸附去除径流污染物的效果进行了试验研究。结果表明,随着污染物初始浓度的增加,河砂对COD、TN、TP、Cu的吸附量均呈现先增加后趋于平稳的趋势。当初始溶液浓度达到160 mg/L以上时,河砂对COD、TN、Cu的最大吸附量分别保持在1.83、1.19、1.22 mg/g左右,当初始溶液浓度达到80 mg/L以上时,河砂对TP的最大吸附量维持在0.50 mg/g左右。同时在去除率方面,河砂对小于20 mg/L的低浓度TN、TP的去除效果较好;当初始溶液浓度为100 mg/L时,河砂对COD的最高去除率为74%;不同初始溶液浓度下河砂对铜的去除率在77%~98%之间。结果表明,河砂对径流污染物均具有一定的吸附效果,尤其对重金属Cu的吸附去除效果最佳。这为进一步推广应用涉及以砂为原材料的海绵城市相关技术及设施提供了技术支持。     

用壳聚糖脱除废水中的铜离子

研究了利用脱乙酰基壳聚糖絮凝剂絮凝除铜的方法.考察了氢氧化物、pH值、铜离子质量浓度、絮凝时间以及絮凝温度对去除率的影响.当pH=8时,用壳聚糖吸附铜离子,水样铜离子质量浓度低于100 mg.L-1时,除铜率在99%以上;即使铜离子原始质量浓度在400 mg.L-1,残液铜离子质量浓度仍符合国家废水排放标准.用NaOH絮凝沉淀,pH=11时,除铜率达100%,耗碱量大,不符合废水排放的酸度要求.     

啤酒酵母菌对汞离子(Ⅱ)的生物吸附

对啤酒酵母菌与水相中重金属离子Hg2+的生物吸附情况进行了研究·主要研究了溶液的pH值、吸附时间、菌体用量、Hg2+离子的初始质量浓度、温度等因素对生物吸附效果的影响·试验结果表明:啤酒酵母对水相中的Hg2+具有良好的吸附效果,在pH=3、吸附时间为15min时,对质量浓度为2 6g/L的Hg2+溶液进行吸附,去除率可达96%·啤酒酵母菌对Hg2+的吸附是一个快速过程,在15min时吸附效果最佳,之后有解吸现象的存在·pH值对Hg2+的吸附影响很大,在pH=3～5时吸附效果较好·温度对该吸附效果影响不大,室温下操作即可·     

花生壳对水溶液中铜离子的吸附特性

研究了花生壳对水溶液中重金属铜离子的吸附特性.得到结论:0.25 g花生壳与Cu2 初始浓度为100-200 mg/L溶液充分接触10 h后,达到对Cu2 的最大吸附量.当Cu2 溶液pH值为定值,初始浓度范围在100-200 mg/L时,金属离子初始浓度越大吸附越有利;当Cu2 溶液初始浓度为定值时,溶液pH值升高,花生壳对Cu2 的吸附能力增强.且Cu2 溶液的pH值变化范围在2.0-5.6之间.在恒定pH值下,使用Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型描述花生壳对Cu2 离子的吸附特性.另外,其它金属阳离子的存在使花生壳对Cu2 的吸附量降低.     

硅藻土对锌离子的吸附特性

研究了吉林长白硅藻土吸附水相中锌离子的吸附过程,讨论了各试验因素对吸附效果的影响·实验结果表明:吉林长白硅藻土对Zn2+有较好的吸附效果·该吸附过程进行得很快,10min左右即可达到吸附平衡·与酸性条件下的吸附效果相比,pH在中性条件下的吸附效果更佳·温度对吸附效果影响较大·对锌离子质量浓度为9 8mg/L的溶液,硅藻土用量为10g/L时Zn2+的去除率达到99 71%·经过硅藻土二次吸附后,锌离子去除率接近100%·经扫描电子显微镜的测定,硅藻土的表面圆筛形微孔是Zn2+的主要吸附位·     

具有pH自调节能力的陶粒在污水除铜中的应用

重金属污水对生态环境和人类健康构成了严重威胁,其中含铜污水因污染严重、回收价值高而受到重视。以造纸白泥和粉煤灰为主要原料,经高温固相反应制备具有pH自调节能力的陶粒,将其作为吸附剂用于含铜污水的处理。采用静态吸附法及单因素变量法,分析原料配比、Cu~(2+)初始质量浓度、吸附时间、初始pH对吸附效果的影响;结合XRD、SEM及EDS探究陶粒的除铜机制。结果表明:陶粒的主要矿物相为钙长石、钙铝黄长石和硅灰石;在水溶液中部分矿物相发生非全等水解,从而自主释放OH~-形成碱性氛围;在污水除铜时,Cu~(2+)形成氢氧化物沉淀并被陶粒吸附。当初始Cu~(2+)溶液为20 mg/L、陶粒投加量为4 g/200 mL时,含铜污水经静态吸附10 h后,剩余Cu~(2+)质量浓度为0.36 mg/L,Cu~(2+)去除率达98.2%,吸附容量达0.998 6 mg/g。除铜后污水符合《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)中的一级标准0.5 mg/L。     

环境友好产品--过氧化钙的合成及其应用

通过加入新型稳定剂磷酸铵,研究了常温水相中合成过氧化钙的新工艺.讨论了原料配比、浓度、温度、时间、稳定剂加入量等因素对过氧化钙产率和纯度的影响,在最佳条件下合成的CaO2纯度大于65%.采用CaO2产品处理含铜、镉、铅、锌离子的工业废水,通过原子吸收分光光度计测定处理前后废水中铜、镉、铅、锌离子的浓度.结果表明,在室温下,过氧化钙用量与重金属离子摩尔比为2∶1时,处理60 min,处理过程不调节pH的条件下,含铜54.12 mg/L、镉36.58 mg/L、铅22.74 mg/L、锌30.10 mg/L的废水经一次处理后,铜、镉、铅、锌去除率均达到99.5%以上,且铜、镉、铅、锌浓度均达到国家一级水排放标准.     

用壳聚糖絮凝剂处理含镉(Ⅱ)废水

报道了用脱乙酰基壳聚糖为絮凝剂,在电解质Na2SO4的作用下絮凝除镉的方法·考察了酸度、离子浓度、壳聚糖用量对去除率的影响·当水样含镉质量浓度不大于40mg/L,pH=8～9和壳聚糖的含量为1%时,镉的去除率达到9995%以上·在同样的条件下处理冶炼厂的含镉废水,除镉率达到997%以上,其他金属离子铜、锌和铅的残余质量浓度分别为0053,058,001mg/L,低于国家排放标准·还探讨了壳聚糖絮凝除镉机理     

海藻酸钠磁球制备及对亚甲基蓝的吸附研究

首先以FeCl_3·6H_2O、FeCl_2·4H_2O与NaOH为原料制备磁流体Fe_3O_4,然后以十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)和海藻酸钠(SA)包裹磁流体,以CaCl_2为交联剂制备交联海藻酸钠磁球.将该磁球用于吸附溶液中的亚甲基蓝,考察相关因素对吸附的影响.结果显示,25℃,亚甲基蓝溶液质量浓度140mg/L,吸附时间240min时达到吸附平衡,吸附量为992.9mg/g,去除率研究发现磁球用量55mg时去除率达到92.2%;并且吸附过程为放热过程,温度上升,吸附量下降;当溶液pH介于6～9时磁球吸附量基本保持不变.吸附动力学模拟表明,吸附过程更符合Lagergren准一级动力学模型,吸附等温模拟显示与Freundlich方程有很好的拟合度.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.