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1.
尿素诱导的蛋白质变性现象的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过对典型蛋白质变性实验结果的分析,发现在蛋白质变性研究领域中普遍使用的二态模型所描述的过程,与真实蛋白质变性过程并不相符.在分析已有的实验结果的基础上,给出了反映蛋白质变性过程特征的新表示形式.这一形式表明蛋白质分子变性是一个构象渐变的过程,同时强调在一定浓度的尿素溶液中蛋白质分子均处于相同的构象态.从尿素分子与蛋白质肽链上的相邻二肽形成双氢键的假设出发,利用吸附反应动力学方法,得到了描述蛋白质变性特征的物理量与尿素浓度关系的表示式.结果表明理论值与实验值符合较好,说明建立的模型可较好地描述尿素导致的蛋白质变性现象.  相似文献   

2.
蛋白质的活性及生物功能与其二级、三级和四级结构有重要联系,而这些结构主要是以氢键、疏水键等弱相互作用所维系.由于这些弱相互作用易受外界因素的影响,使蛋白质分子发生构象变化,从原来的折叠态变为去折叠态.这一变化使得蛋白质分子失去生物功能,称为蛋白质的变性.能够使蛋白质变性的化学物质被称为变性剂,尿素和盐酸胍是常见的蛋白质变性剂.  相似文献   

3.
研究了多种添加剂促进变性还原溶菌酶复性的作用,考察了添加剂浓度及变性剂盐酸胍浓度对复性收率的影响.结果表明,精氨酸、乙酰胺、丙酮、硫脲及甘油均能有效促进变性溶菌酶复性,并且存在最佳的添加剂浓度使变性溶菌酶的复性收率最大.在促进复性中,乙酰胺等结构类似物与盐酸胍具有相同作用,因此,在降低复性液中盐酸胍浓度的同时,适当提高乙酰胺浓度即可获得较高的复性收率.当盐酸胍浓度为0.2mol/L时,复性收率达到90%时的乙酰胺浓度为2mol/L,但降低盐酸胍浓度至0.06mol/L时,达到相同变性收率的乙酰胺浓度需要4mol/L.甘油与盐酸胍存在着协同作用,在一定浓度的盐酸胍存在下,添加适量的甘油能获得较高的复性收率.  相似文献   

4.
了解蛋白质在溶液中的结构稳定性是了解蛋白质生物活性的基础,因此研究蛋白质分子的一个关键性问题就是了解使蛋白质折叠的物理作用及其变性机理.利用化学热力学和光谱学的手段研究蛋白质变性的机理,主要侧重于研究蛋白质变性时所表现出来的热力学函数的变化,以及各种有关的变性参数[1].我们利用微量量热的方法和荧光测定技术研究了30℃和不同pH条件下牛血清蛋白与变性剂盐酸胍在水溶液中的相互作用及牛血清蛋白的变性.用Privalov提出的简单键合模型对量热数据进行了分析[2],得出了二者之间的键合常数k,单个键合自由能Δg及总的吉布斯自由…  相似文献   

5.
以α-淀粉酶盐酸胍变性作用为对照,利用紫外差光谱、荧光光谱和圆二色谱法研究了α-淀粉酶、脱钙α-淀粉酶和牛血清白蛋白碳酸胍及碳酸钠的变性作用。光谱数据所反映的酶分子构象变化和酶活性的变化表明,碳酸胍阴离子CO_3~(2-)与酶蛋白间存在着复杂的作用,可能是碳酸胍强变性作用的重要原因之一。  相似文献   

6.
采用圆二色谱、荧光光谱,研究了黄精凝集素Ⅱ(Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua.LectinⅡ,PCLⅡ)在4mol/L和6mol/L盐酸胍中,以及巯基修饰后,其活性和分子构象的变化关系,研究结果表明:PCL Ⅱ是一种稳定的蛋白质,巯基剂虽不影响其活性,但可使其分子构象发生变化,去除修饰剂后其结构部分能够恢复。在4mol/L盐酸胍中,PCL Ⅱ活性及构象可发生很大变化,去除盐酸胍后其活性恢复;6mol/L盐酸胍中,呈现典型的无规卷曲构象,活性完全丧失,去除盐酸胍后活性仍不能恢复,表明活性中心已遭到不可逆的破坏。  相似文献   

7.
温度对α-氨基酸在盐酸胍水溶液中体积性质的影响颜振宁王键吉卓克垒卢锦梭(河南师范大学化学系,453002,新乡;第1作者27岁,女,博士生)蛋白质在水溶液中的变性是一个没有被完全了解的生物过程,由于构成蛋白质的结构单元是氨基酸,因此研究变性剂与氨基酸...  相似文献   

8.
采用圆二色谱、荧光光谱,研究了黄精凝集素II(PolygonatumcyrtonemaHua.LectinII,PCLII)在4mol/L和6mol/L盐酸胍中,以及巯基修饰后,其活性和分子构象的变化关系.研究结果表明:PCLII是一种稳定的蛋白质,巯基修饰剂虽不影响其活性,但可使其分子构象发生变化,去除修饰剂后其结构部分能够恢复.在4mol/L盐酸胍中,PCLII活性及构象可发生很大变化,去除盐酸胍后其活性恢复;在6mol/L盐酸胍中,呈现典型的无规卷曲构象,活性完全丧失,去除盐酸胍后活性仍不能恢复,表明活性中心已遭到不可逆的破坏.  相似文献   

9.
变性剂诱导的多结构域蛋白质变性现象的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
从蛋白质变性的构象渐变模型出发,分析了多结构域蛋白质变性过程的特点,用吸附动力学方法得到了可描述多个结构域变性的关系表示式,特别对典型双结构域蛋白质变性过程予以较详细的讨论。通过对比理论计算结果与实验观测结果,发现在一定参数条件下两者符合较好,从构象渐变的观点,对双结构域蛋白质变性过程中出现双S形变性曲线的原因做出了解释,同时对变性过程中可能出现的一些情况进行了预测和分析。  相似文献   

10.
应用恒温微量热技术,对盐酸胍与牛血红蛋白在30℃水溶液中的结合作用及造成牛血红蛋白变性的过程进行研究,并根据简单结合模型,计算了它们之间的结合常数、结合自由能.用变性中点的直线外推方法求出了表观变性焓.实验结果表明,盐酸胍诱导牛血红蛋白变性的相互作用分为3个阶段.牛血红蛋白在盐酸胍溶液中的变性焓在pH5.21时为200 kJ·mol-1,在pH6.70时为540 kJ·mol-1,在pH8.03时为120kJ·mol-1.牛血红蛋白在pH6.70时,即在等电点时,较稳定.  相似文献   

11.
Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.  相似文献   

12.
何延凌 《科技信息》2008,(4):258-258
Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women's language from these perspectives: pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women's language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What's more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.  相似文献   

13.
The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3~4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰~ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰~ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084~0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078~0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.  相似文献   

14.
王慧 《科技信息》2008,(10):240-240
Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.  相似文献   

15.
The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.  相似文献   

16.
There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.  相似文献   

17.
理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。  相似文献   

18.
As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.  相似文献   

19.
In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.  相似文献   

20.
1 Rise of studies on climate change's effects on biodiversity
Until the 1980s, climate change and biodiversity were studied as two independent disciplines for more than a century. In 1992, the Ecological Society of America's annual report named climate change, biodiversity, and the sustainable ecological system as the three major global environmental issues of the twenty-first century [1].  相似文献   

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